Question 1.

Answer the following questions.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an
industry?
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern
industry and why?
(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
(v) What are the similarities between the information, the technology
industry in Bangalore and California?

Answer:
(i) Industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with the
production of goods, extraction of minerals, or provision of services.

(ii) The location of industries is affected by the availability of raw

material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport, and market.

(iii) Ships, trains, trucks, and automobiles are made largely of steel.
From safety pins to big ships are made from steel.

• Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery.

• Steel pipelines transport oil.
• Minerals are mined with steel equipment.
• Farm machines are mostly made of steel.
• Large buildings have steel framework.

(iv) Cotton textile industry expanded rapidly in Mumbai initially

because of the presence of a lot of favorable conditions. Warm and moist
climate, a port situated nearby to import machinery, easy availability of
raw material, and skilled labour were factors behind this.

(v) Similarities between the information technology industry in

Bangalore and Silicon Valley in California:
 • Bangalore is located on Deccan Plateau, Silicon Valley (Santa Clara
Valley) next to the rocky mountains.
• Both have a clean environment.
• The mild climate throughout the year (pleasant climate).
• Close to educational, scientific, and technological centers.
• Close to major roads and airports.
• Good access to markets.
• Skilled workforce.
• Low rents and low cost of living.

Question 2.
Tick the correct Answer:

Choose the correct option.

(i) What class of economic activities does manufacturing come under?
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) Primary as well as secondary

(ii) Which industry is the base of all other industries?

(a) Cotton textile industry
(b) Leather industry
(c) Iron and steel industry
(d) IT industry

(iii) What class of industries does Mamti Udyog come under?

(a) Joint sector
(b) Private sector
(c) Public sector
(d) Cooperative sector

(iv) Which of these factors affect the location of industries?

(a) Power
(b) Availability of raw material
(c) Transport
(d) All of these

(v) What process does the iron ore undergo in a blast furnace?
(a) Smelting
(b) Refining
(c) Extraction
(d) None of these

(vi) What is the output of iron and steel industry?

(a) Steel
(b) Pig iron
(c) Iron ore
(d) All of these

(vii) Which of these states has some major steel-producing centers?

(a) Punjab
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Maharashtra

(viii) What is the name of the place where TISCO began?

(a) Kharkai
(b) Calcutta
(c) Sakchi
(d) Rourkela

(ix) From where does the iron ore come to Pittsburgh?

(a) Silicon Valley
(b) Florida
(c) Minnesota
(d) Washington
Answer:
(i) (b), (ii) (c), (iii) (a), (iv) (d), (v)(a), (vi) (a), (vii) (b), (viii) (c), (ix)
(c).

(i) Silicon Valley is located in

(a) Bangalore
(b) California
(c) Ahmedabad

(ii) Which one of the following industries is known as the sunrise

industry?
(a) Iron and steel industry
(b) Cotton textile
(c) Information Technology

(iii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?

(a) nylon
(b) jute
(c) acrylic
Answer:
(i) (b),
(ii) (c),
(iii) (b).

Question 3.
Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Answer:
(i)

Question 4.
Give two examples of each the following.

1. Raw materials
2. End products
3. Tertiary activities
4. Agro-based industries
5. Cottage industries
6. Co-operatives

Answer:

1. ores, plants.
2. Clothes that we wear, a car.
3. Trade, banking.
4. Food processing, leather industry.
5. Basket weaving, pottery.
6. AMUL, Sudha Dairy.
Question 5.
Fill in the blank spaces given to complete each sentence.

1. The river that provides sufficient water to Osaka’s textile industry is

………………..
2. On basis of raw materials used, industries are classified as and
………………
3. Basket-weaving, handicraft, and pottery are examples of
…………… industries.
4. Factors affecting the location of industries are …………,
……………, …………, ……….. etc. (give any four)
5. Regions like the Mumbai-Pune cluster and Chhotanagpur industrial
belt are important ……….. regions of India.
6. The process of smelting is done in a ………….
7. The four states where most steel-producing centres are located are
and ………….
8. The first cotton textile mill was established in Ahmedabad in
………..
9. Silicon Valley is located near the …………….. Mountains.

Answer:

1. Yodo
2. agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based, forest-based
3. small-scale
4. power, raw material, labour, capital, market, transport,
communication, etc.
5. industrial
6. blast furnace
7. West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh
8. 1859
9. Rocky
Question 6.
State whether each of the following
statements is true (T) or false (F).
1. The leather industry is a forest-based industry.
2. Small capital and infrastructure characterize small-scale industries.
3. Milk dairies like Sudha Dairy are joint sector industries.
4. Raw materials are inputs into an industry’s manufacturing process.
5. Major industrial regions tend to be located in the temperate areas,
near seaports and coal fields.
6. The iron and steel industry is a sunrise industry.
7. While smelting, heating is done beyond the melting point.
8. Alloying with other elements changes the properties of steel.
9. The nearest station to the Sakchi steel plant was Kalimati.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. True
8. True
9. True
Question 8.
Match the items given in Column I correctly with those
given in Column II.

Answer:
(i) (b), (ii) (e), (iii) (a), (iv) (c), (v) (d).
Q1- Food processing is an example of ___ based industry.
A) marine
B) agro
C) mineral
D) forest
Q2- ____ is an example of forest based industry.
A) Banking
B) Baking cakes
C) Advertising
D) Pharmaceuticals
Q3- Seafood industry is an example of ___ based industries.
A) agro
B) mining
C) marine
D) forest
Q4- Industry owned by one individual is _______.
A) private sector industry
B) joint sector industry
C) co-operative industry
D) public sector industry
Q5- ___ is an example of a co-operative industry.
A) Steel Authority of India Ltd
B) Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd
C) Sudha Dairy
D) Indian Army
Q6- Market is one of the ____ factors for setting up of industries.
A) locational
B) Sizeable
C) natural
D) systematic
Q7- Setting up ____ leads to development of towns.
A) forests
B) buildings
C) industries
D) schools
Q8- Maruti Udyog Ltd is an example of ___ sector industry.
A) cooperative
B) private
C) joint
D) private
Q9- ___ has been called the backbone of industry.
A) diamond
B) iron
C) Steel
D) Petroleum
Q10- ____ is one of the major steel producing centres.
A) Bhilai
B) Jammu
C) Chandigarh
D) Delhi
Q11- Jamshedpur lies on the banks of _______ river
A) Subarnarekha
B) Ganga
C) Jhelum
D) Mahi
Q12- ____ is a steel city in the USA
A) New York City
B) Detroit
C) Pittsburg
D) Ohio
Q13- Bhadravati – an important steel centre is located in
A) Jharkhand
B) Karnataka
C) Bihar
D) Odisha
Q14- Sakchi is the old name of ______.
A) Jamshedpur
B) Salem
C) Bhadravati
D) Belgavi
Q15- _____ is a prominent coalfield in India.
A) Bokaro
B) Jharia
C) Chittranjan
D) Dimapur
Q16- India’s first successful mechanized textile mill was established in
____.
A) Surat
B) Kolkata
C) Madras
D) Mumbai
Q17- Kanpur is famous for ____ factories
A) sugar
B) textile
C) steel
D) marine
Q18- _____ is also famous as ‘Manchester of India.’
A) Surat
B) Delhi
C) Ahmedabad
D) Salem
Q19- In Ahmedabad, the first textile mill was established in which year?
A) 1856
B) 1859
C) 1861
D) 1855
Q20- _____ is known as the ‘Manchestor of Japan.’
A) Tokyo
B) Hiroshima
C) Osaka
D) Aichi
Q21- Manufacturing of fish oil is an example of _____ based industry.
A) agro
B) marine
C) forest
D) mineral
Q22- Basket weaving is identified under
A) cottage industry
B) marine based industry
C) mineral based industry
D) source industry
Q23- Silk manufacturing falls under
A) large scale industry
B) small scale industry
C) marine industry
D) mineral industry
Q24- Kharkai river flows through the steel city of ____.
A) Jamshedpur
B) Bhilai
C) Chittorgarh
D) Bokaro
Q25- The textile industry of Osaka imports _____ from other countries.
A) cotton
B) rice
C) metal
D) iron
Q26- ______ river flows through Osaka.
A) Shinano
B) Yodo
C) Thames
D) Colarado
Q27- The Great Lake waterway is located near
A) New York
B) Washington
C) Pittsburgh
D) Osaka
Q28- Dolomite mines are located in
A) Odisha
B) Tamilnadu
C) Punjab
D) Gujarat
Q29- Chintzes clothes can be found in
A) Dhaka
B) Masulipatnam
C) Burhanpur
D) Calicut
Q30- _____ industry is found in abdundant amount in Egypt.
A) cotton
B) jute
C) wheat
D) rubber
Answer
Question Answer Question Answer
1 B 11 A
2 D 12 C
3 C 13 B
4 A 14 A
5 C 15 B
6 A 16 D
7 C 17 B
8 C 18 C
9 C 19 C
10 A 20 C
21 B 22 A
23 B 24 A
25 A 26 B
27 C 28 A
29 B 30 A

Q. Where was the first textile mill in India established and when?
Ans. The first textile mill in the country was established at Fort Gloster
near Kolkata in 1818 but it closed down after some time.

Q. Name the major hubs of Information technology industry in the

world.
Ans. The major hubs of Information technology industry are the Silicon
Valley of Central California and the Bangalore region of India.

Q. Where are iron and steel industries in the world?

Ans. The countries in which iron and steel industry is located are
Germany, USA, China, Japan and Russia.

Q. Where is textile industry concentrated in the world?

Ans. Textile industry is concentrated in India, Hong Kong, South Korea,
Japan and Taiwan.

Q. What is the link between the mines and the industry in Pittsburgh?
Ans. Between mines and Pittsburgh is one of the world’s best routes for
shipping ore cheaply – the famous Great Lakes waterway.

Q. When and where was TISCO started?

Ans. TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi, near the confluence of the
rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand.

Q. What are common alloying elements for steel?

Ans. Special alloys of steel can be made by adding small amounts of
other metals such as aluminium, nickel, and copper.

Q. From where does the iron ore come to Pittsburgh?

Ans. The iron ore come to Pittsburgh from the iron mines at Minnesota,
about 1500 km from Pittsburgh.

Q. How are industries classified on the basis of raw materials?

Or
Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials.
Ans. Industries may be agro based, mineral based, marine based and
forest based depending on the type of raw materials they use.

Q. Where the major industrial regions of the world are tend to be

located?
Ans. Major industrial regions tend to be located in the temperate areas,
near sea ports and especially near coal fields.

Q. What are sunrise industries? Give examples.

Ans. Emerging industries are also known as ‘Sunrise Industries’. These
include Information technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge.

Q. Where do we find the major industrial regions of the world?

Ans. Major industrial regions of the world are eastern North America,
western and central Europe, eastern Europe and eastern Asia.

Q. What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Ans. Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with
production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.

Q. What are the main factors which influence the location of an

industry?
Ans. The factors affecting the location of industries are the availability
of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and
market.

Q. Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern

industry and why?
Ans. Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry because
almost everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has been
made with tools and machinery of these metals.

Q. ‘Several textile mills have closed down in Ahmedabad recently.’

Give reason.

Or
Why in recent years several textile mills have closed down in
Ahmedabad?
Or
What was the major reason for several textile mills to close down in
Ahmedabad?
Ans. Several textile mills have closed down. This is primarily due to
emergence of new textile centres in the country as well as non
upgradation of machines and technology in the mills of Ahmedabad.

Q. Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Ans. The warm, moist climate, port for importing machinery,
availability of raw material and skilled labour resulted in rapid
expansion of the textile industry in Mumbai.

Q. What products do industrial plants in Jamshedpur produce?

Ans. In Jamshedpur, several other industrial plants were set up after
TISCO. They produce chemicals, locomotive parts, agricultural
equipment, machinery, tinplate, cable and wire.

Q. What industries have started replacing the textile industry in Osaka?

Or
What industries have replaced the cotton textile industry of Osaka?
Ans. The cotton textile industry of Osaka has been replaced by other
industries, such as iron and steel, machinery, shipbuilding, automobiles,
electrical equipment and cement.

Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is the basic function of secondary activities or manufacturing?
Answer:
The basic function of secondary activities or manufacturing is to change
raw materials into products of more value to people.
Question 2.
Of what is the paper made up from?
Answer:
The paper is made up from pulp.

Question 3.
Name the classification of industries on the basis of raw material used
by them.
Answer:
The industries classified on the basis of raw materials used by them are:

1. Agro-based industries
2. Mineral-based industries
3. Marine based industries
4. Forest-based industries

Question 4.
By whom are the private sector industries owned and operated?
Answer:
Private-sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or a
group of individuals.

Question 5.
What does an industrial system consist of?
Answer:
An industrial system consists of input, processes and outputs.

Question 6.
How does an industrial region emerge?
Answer:
Industrial region emerges when a number of industries are located close
to each other and share the benefits of their closeness.
Question 7.
What is meant by industrial disaster?
Answer:
In industries, accidents/disasters mainly occur due to technical failure or
irresponsible handling of hazardous material. This is known as industrial
disaster.

Question 8.
Define Sunrise Industries.
Answer:
Emerging industries are also known as ‘Sunrise Industries’. These
include Information technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge.

Question 9.
Define the process ‘smelting’.
Answer:
It is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating
beyond the melting point.

Question 10.
What is the full form of TISCO?
Answer:
TISCO: Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited.

Question 11.
On what basis are industries classified?
Answer:
Industries are classified on the basis of raw materials, size and
ownership.
Question 12.
Under which category is production of automobile and heavy machinery
is placed?
Answer:
Under large scale industry.

Question 13.
What may be the inputs in case of textile industry?
Answer:
In case of textile industry, the inputs may be cotton, human labour,
factory and transport cost.

Question 14.
What was the official death total in 1989 in Bhopal tragedy?
Answer:
Official death total was 3,598 in 1989.

Question 15.
What is MIC?
Answer:
MIC is Methyl Isocynate gas responsible for gas tragedy of Bhopal.

Question 16.
Which is the major IT hub of India?
Answer:
Bengaluru.

Question 17.
Where was TISCO started in?
Answer:
It was started in Sakchi.
Question 18.
What is the date of Bhopal gas tragedy?
Answer:
On 3rd December 1984.

Question 19.
Which industries use produce from sea and oceans as raw materials?
Answer:
Marine based industries.

Question 20.
In which part of the world is silicon valley located?
Answer:
It is located next to the rocky mountains of North America.

Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Why was Sakchi chosen to set up the steel plant? Give reasons.
Answer:
Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several reasons because:

1. the place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the

Bengal-Nagpur railway line.
2. It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well as
to Kolkata, which provided a large market.
3. TISCO gets coal from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone,
dolomite and manganese from Odisha and Chattisgarh.
4. The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water
supply. Government initiatives provided adequate capital for its
later development.
Question 2.
What was the ideal location for iron and steel industry before 1800 A.D
and after 1950 how did the concept for ideal location of iron and steel
industries change?
Answer:
Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industry was located where raw
materials, power supply and running water were easily available. Later,
the ideal location for the industry was near coal fields and close to canals
and railways.

After 1950, iron and steel industry began to be located on large areas of
flat land near sea ports. This is because by this time steelworks had
become very large and iron ore had to be imported from overseas.

Question 3.
How is the steel used by other industries as raw materials?
Answer:
Steel is used by other industries as raw material in many ways.

1. Steel is tough and it can be easily shaped, cut, or made into wire.
2. Special alloys of steel can be made by adding small amount of other
metals such as aluminium, nickel and copper.
3. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness or ability to resist
rust.
4. Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry.

Question 4.
Define the concept of industrial system briefly.
Answer:
An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs. The
inputs are the raw materials, labour and cost of land, transport, power
and other infrastructure. The processes include a wide range of activities
that convert the raw material into finished products. The outputs are the
end products and the income earned from it.
In case of textile industry the inputs may be cotton, human labour,
factory and transport cost. The processes include ginning, spinning,
weaving, dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt you wear.

Question 5.
What does the concept of information technology industry deals in and
which are the major hubs of the IT industry?
Answer:
The information technology industry deals in the storage, processing and
distribution of information. Today, this industry has become global. This
is due to a series of technological, political and socio-eco¬nomic events.

The main factors guiding the location of these industries are resource
availability, cost and infrastructure. The major hubs of the IT industry
are the Silicon Valley, California and Bengaluru, India.

Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How is the classification of industries done on the basis of raw materials
size and ownership? Explain.
Answer:
Industries are classified on the basis of raw materials, size and
ownership:
1. Raw materials: Industries may be agro-based, mineral-based, marine-
based and forest-based depending on the type of raw materials used by
them.

• Agro-based industries: These industries use plant and animal-based

products as their raw materials.
• Mineral-based industries: These industries use mineral ores as their
raw materials, and the products of these industries feed other
industries.
 • Marine based industries: They use the products from the sea and
oceans as raw materials.
• Forest-based industries: It utilises forest produce as raw materials.

2. Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people

employed and the volume of production.
Based on size, industries can be classified into small scale and large
scale industries.

• Small scale industry: Cottage or household industries are a type of

small scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand,
by the artisans. These industries use lesser amount of capital and
technology as compared to large scale industry.
• Large scale industry: These are industries that produce large
volumes of products. Investment of capital is higher and the
technology used is superior in large scale industries.

3. Ownership: Industries can be classified into private sector, state-

owned or public sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.

• Private-sector industries: These are owned and operated by

individuals or a group of individuals.
• Public sector industries: These are owned and operated by the
government.
• Joint sector industries: These are owned and operated by the state
and individuals or a group of individuals.
• Cooperative sector industries: The are owned and operated by the
producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
Picture Based Questions
Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:
Picture-1

(i) What does the above picture show?

(ii) Where was the iron and steel industry located before 1800 A.D.?
Answer:
(i) It shows the changing location of iron and steel industry.
(ii) Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industry was located where raw
materials, power supply and running water were easily available.
Picture-2

(i) Name the major railway station shown in the figure.

(ii) What does the picture show?
Answer:
(i) Tatanagar railway station.
(ii) It shows the location of iron and steel industry in Jamshedpur.

Map Skills
Question 1.
On an outline Map of World show the major iron ore producing areas.
(i) Brazil
(ii) South Africa
(iii) Australia
(iv) Germany
(v) India
Answer:
Question 2.
On an outline Map of World show the important iron and steel
producing centres.
(i) Jharkhand
(ii) Odisha
(iii) Chhattisgarh
(iv) West Bengal
Answer: