human resource

1. Answer the following questions.

Question 1(1).
Why are people considered as a resource?
Answer:
People, according to their demands and abilities, turn nature’s bounty into useful things.
Hence, people are considered a resource.

Question 1(2).
What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?
Answer:
Causes for uneven distribution of population are

• Uneven topography – Mountainous or plateau region are sparsely populated while

plains are densely populated as they are suitable for various economic activities
such as farming, manufacturing and tertiary activities, etc.
• Climate – People like to live in mild climatic regions and avoid extreme climates.
Thus, very hot like Sahara desert and very cold like Antarctica are sparsely
populated.
• Soil – Fertile plains like Ganga- the Brahmaputra in India, Hwang Ho in China- are
densely populated.
• Water – People prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available.
• Minerals – Areas rich in mineral deposits are densely populated. The Discovery of
oil in the Middle East lead to the settling of people in this area.

Question 1(3).
The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?
Answer:
The world population has grown very rapidly due to

• Better food supplies.

• Medical facilities.
• The rapid increase in natural growth rate.

Question 1(4).
Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change?
Answer:
(1) The population change occur due to changes in the number of births and deaths. In
the early 1970s, the population was 3 billion. In 1999, less than 30 years later the
population doubled to 6 billion. This change occurs mainly due to a rapid increase in the
natural growth rate. Besides, better food supplies and medicine were other reasons.

(2) Population size also gets affected due to migration. The population of the USA
increased due to immigration while the population of Sudan decreased due to
emigration.

Question 1(5).
What is meant by population composition?
Answer:
A population pyramid is a pictorial way to describe the population composition. The
shape of the population pyramid of a country is indicative of a lot of information about
the country. The size towards the bottom may be used to estimate the birth rate, while
the size towards the top to estimate the death rate.

Question 1(6).
What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding the population of a
country?
Answer:
Population composition refers to the structure of the population. The composition of the
population helps us to know the variation in age, sex, literacy level, health condition,
occupation, and income level of a population.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(1) What does the term population distribution refer to?
(a) How population in a specified area changes over time.
(b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified
area.
(c)The way in which people are spread across a given area.

2. Which are the three main factors that cause population change?
(а) Births, deaths, and marriage
(b) Births, deaths, and migration
(c) Births, deaths, and life expectancy

3. In 1999, the world population reached

(a) 1 billion
(b) 3 billion
(c) 6 billion
4. What is a population pyramid?
(a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population.
(b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings.
(c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.

Question 3.
Complete the sentences below using some of the following words.
sparsely, favourable, fallow, artificial, fertile, natural, extreme, densely
When people are attracted to an area it becomes ………………………………….
populated. Factors that influence this include…………………………………… climate;
good supplies of…………………………………… resources and ……………………. land.
Answer:

• When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated

• Factors that influence this include favourable climate, good supplies
of natural resources, and fertile land

Question 4.
Activity
Discuss the characteristics of society with ‘too many under 15s’ and one with ‘too few
under 15s’.
Hint: the need for schools; pension schemes, teachers, toys, wheelchairs, labour
supply, hospitals.
Answer:
Q1- Union Human Resource Development Ministry was created in
A) 1987
B) 1985
C) 1990
D) 1986
Q2- Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana was started in
A) 2012
B) 2016
C) 2015
D) 2010
Q3- ___ is the most populated continent.
A) Africa
B) Asia
C) South America
D) Australia
Q4- ___ per cent of the global population resides in 10 countries.
A) 75
B) 60
C) 65
D) 80
Q5- ____ is Africa’s most populous country.
A) Zambia
B) South Africa
C) Nigeria
D) Egypt
Q6- Average Density of Indian population is ___ persons per sq km.
A) 319
B) 329
C) 382
D) 385
Q7- Average Density population of the world is ___ persons per sq
km.
A) 51
B) 55
C) 56
D) 50
Q8- Chang Jiang plains in ____ is one of the most densely populated
regions across the globe.
A) Taiwan
B) China
C) Japan
D) Vietnam
Q9- _____ regions are less populated due to the unavailability of
water.
A) Mountain
B) Valleys
C) Deserts
D) Forests
Q10- _____ are people leaving a particular country.
A) Refugees
B) Immigrants
C) Emigrants
D) Foreigners
Q11- _____ is a country whose population growth declined because
of emigration.
A) Pakistan
B) Sudan
C) Zimbabwe
D) Swaziland
Q12- _____ is a country whose population growth declined because
of low birth and death rates.
A) Indonesia
B) United Kingdom
C) South Africa
D) Russia
Q13- _____ is a country whose population grew due to high birth
rates.
A) Serbia
B) Russia
C) Kenya
D) UK
Q14- _____ is the most populous country of Europe.
A) Belgium
B) Denmark
C) Sweden
D) Russia
Q15- _____ has reported an annual rate of natural increase of
population at 3% per annum.
A) Mexico
B) Saudi Arabia
C) Israel
D) US
Q16- ____ is widely populated due to its cultural significance.
A) New York
B) Jerusalem
C) London
D) Shanghai
Q17- _____ is the most populous city in India.
A) Delhi
B) Chennai
C) Mumbai
D) Indore
Q18- The population of _____ has gone up due to immigration.
A) Russia
B) Australia
C) Japan
D) Belgium
Q19- Population increases when the _____ is higher.
A) Emigration
B) Death Rate
C) Birth rate
D) water availability
Q20- ______ is the world’s most populated country.
A) Japan
B) Brazil
C) China
D) India
Answer
Question Answer Question Answer
1 B 11 B
2 C 12 B
3 B 13 C
4 B 14 D
5 C 15 B
6 C 16 B
7 A 17 C
8 B 18 B
9 D 19 C
10 C 20 C

Question 1
Write a brief note on the Ministry of Human Resource Development in
India.
Solution:
The Ministry of Human Resources Development is an Indian
government ministry, responsible for the development of human
resources. The ministry is divided into two departments:
The Department of School Education and Literacy – it deals with
primary education and literacy
The Department of Higher Education – it deals with secondary and post-
secondary education.
The department originated as the Indian Education Department in the
1910 under the British Raj. After independence, the Ministry of
Education was created in 1947. The Ministry of Education was merged
with the newly-created Ministry of Human Resources Development in
1985.
The Ministry aims to achieve universal access and enrollment, universal
retention of children up to 14 years of age in schools, and substantial
improvement in the quality of education to enable all children to achieve
essential levels of learning
Question 2
What is population study known as?
Solution:
Population study is known as demography.
Question 3
Why is population study essential?
Solution:
Population studies are essential for the government to plan areas such as
health, education, housing, social security, employment, and
environmental preservation.
Question 4
Sixty per cent of the world’s people stay in just 10 countries. Name the
countries with the percentage of world population.
Solution:
10 countries with the maximum population in the world:-

20% of world
China:
population
India: 17%

United
4.6%
States:

Indonesia: 3.5%

Brazil: 2.8%

Pakistan: 2.5%

Bangladesh: 2.3%

Russia: 2.2%

Nigeria: 2.1%

Japan: 2.0%
What is population density?
Solution:
Population density refers to the number of people per square kilometer
of land area.
The average density of population in the whole world is 45 persons per
square km.
Question 6
What is the average density of population in India?
Solution:
The average density of population in India is 324 persons per square km.
Question 7
What are the different characteristics of population composition?
Solution:

• Population compositions are usually formulated for the following

characteristics:-
• Population Composition of age and sex
• Population composition of Primary School Age children going to
school
• Population composition of Primary School Age children not going
to school
• Population composition of Occupation

Question 8
How does topography affect distribution of population?
Solution:
People always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and
plateaus, because plains are suitable for farming, manufacturing and
service activities. The Ganga plains are the most densely populated areas
of the world while mountains like Andes, Alps and Himalayas are
sparsely populated.
Question 9
Differentiate between ‘emigrants’ and ‘immigrants’.
Solution:
Emigrants are people who leave a country; Immigrants are those who
arrive in a country.

Question 10
Why is population growth slowing in united Kingdoms?
Solution:
Population growth is slowing in United Kingdoms because of both low
death and low birth rates.

Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What does the population pyramid tells about dependents of a country?
Answer:
Population pyramid tells us how many dependents are there in a country.
There are two dependents – young and elderly dependents.

Question 2.
What could be an interesting way of studying the population
composition of a country? Answer:
An interesting way of studying the population composition of a country
is by looking at the population pyramid, also called an age-sex pyramid.

Question 3.
How crowded a country is, has little to do with its level of economic
development. Give example to show its validity?
Answer:
For example, both Bangladesh and Japan are very densely populated but
Japan is far more economically developed than Bangladesh. This is the
perfect example for the above’s validity.
Question 4.
Define immigration.
Answer:
When a person enters a new country it is termed as immigration.

Question 5.
What does Emigrations mean?
Answer:
Emigration means when a person leaves a country.

Question 6.
What is the general trend of international migration?
Answer:
The general trend of international migration is from the less developed
nations to the more developed nations in search of better employment
opportunities.

Question 7.
Who are the Emigrants?
Answer:
The emigrants are the people who leave a country.

Question 8.
What is the meaning of population Density?
Answer:
Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the
earth’s surface.

Question 9.
Which is the ultimate resource?
Answer:
Human Resource.
Question 10.
Which of the two continents are there in which almost 3 quarters of
world’s people live?
Answer:
Asia and Africa.

Question 11.
What does industrial area provide?
Answer:
It provides employment opportunities.

Question 12.
What is the most preferrable topography for humans?
Answer:
Plains

Question 13.
Which area of the world has sparse population when it comes to water
availability?
Answer:
Deserts.

Question 14.
What led the people to settle in South Africa.
Answer:
Diamond mines of South Africa.

Question 15.
In which year the world’s population reached 3 billion?
Answer:
In 1959.
Question 16.
What was the world’s population in 1804?
Answer:
The world’s population reached one billion.

Question 17.
Why is the population growth slow in the countries like United
Kingdom?
Answer:
Because of both low death and low birth rates.

Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is meant by the term population density and what is the average
density of population in whole world and in India?
Answer:
Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the
earth’s surface. It is normally expressed as per sq km. The average
density of population in the whole world is 51 persons per sq km. and
the average density of population in India is 382 persons sq km. South
Central Asia has the highest density of population.

Question 2.
How can we say that people’s are the nation’s greatest resources and
human resource is the ultimate resource?
Answer:
People are the nation’s greatest resources as nature’s bounty becomes
significant only when people find it useful. It is people with their
demands and abilities that turn, them into resources. Hence, human
resource is the ultimate resource. Healthy, educated and motivated
people develop resources as per their requirements.
Question 3.
What do you know about Human Resource Development (HRD)
ministry under the government of India?
Answer:
The Government of India has a ministry of Human Resource
Development. The Ministry was created in 1985 with an aim to develop
people’s skills. This just shows how important people are as a resource
for the country.

Question 4.
What do you mean by the pattern of population distribution? How is
world population distributed?
Answer:
The way in which people are spread across the earth’s surface is known
as the pattern of population distribution. More than 90% of the world’s
population lives in about 30 per cent of the land’s surface. The
distribution of world population is extremely uneven.

Question 5.
Define the following:

1. Birthrate
2. Death rate
3. Migrations
4. Life expectancy

Answer:

1. Birth Rate: Births are usually measured using the birth rate, i.e. the
number of live births per 1,000 people.
2. Death Rate: Deaths are usually measured using the death rate, i.e.
the number of deaths per 1,000 people.
3. Migrations: It is the movement of people in and out of an area.
4. Life expectancy: It is the number of years that an average person
can expect to live.
Long Answers Type
Question 1.
Define population change. How do the following factors affect the
distribution of population?
(i) Topography
(ii) Climate
(iii) Soil
(iv) Water
(v) Minerals.
Answer:
The population change refers to change in the number of people during a
specific time. The world population has not been stable.
This is how the following factors affect the distribution of population.

1. Topography: People always prefer to live on plains rather than

mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming,
manufacturing and service activities.
2. Climate: People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or
very cold.
3. Soil: Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile plains
are densely populated around different parts of the world.
4. Water: People prefer to live in the areas where freshwater is easily
available. The river valleys of the world are densely populated
while deserts have spare population.
5. Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.

Question 2.
What is the population pyramid? What is its significance and what
information can it give? Look at the population pyramid in the figure
and answer these questions:
(a) What can you say about the birth rates of the country? Give
evidence.
(b) What does the shape at the top of the pyramid indicate?
(c) Which country out of these is most likely to have such a pyramid? A
developing country, a developed country, or an underdeveloped
country?
Answer:
A population pyramid is a pictorial way to describe the population
composition. An age-sex pyramid gives information about the
distribution of different age groups of people based on gender. The
shape of the age-sex pyramid of a country is indicative of a lot of
information about the country. The size towards the bottom may be used
to estimate the birth rate, while the size towards the top to estimate the
death rate.

A population pyramid in which the base is broad and the top part is
narrow means that although a large amount of births take place, not all
grow up to be adults and old; it means many die before reaching these
ages. This indicates a large death rate and Kenya shows such a pyramid.
This means a high population growth rate.
In countries like India, the death rate is decreasing, so the pyramid is
broad in the younger age groups, and the size of the pyramid decreases
steadily.

1. The given population pyramid has a base narrower than some of its
upperparts. This means that the birth rate of the country is not too
much.
2. As we go to the top, the shape indicates that more people reach old
age. This shows a lower death rate as well.
3. This is most likely to be the age-sex pyramid of a developed
country. The population growth rate seems to be controlled.
Moreover, the youth form a major part of the population, so the
development levels must be high.

Picture Based Questions

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question 1.

(i) When does the population increase?

(ii) When does the condition of steady population arise?
(iii) When does the population decrease?
Answer:
(i) When birth rate is more than death rate.
(ii) When birth rate and death rate both stay the same.
(iii) When death rate is more than birth date.

Map Skills
Question 1.
Mark the Annual rates if natural increase in the following colours.
(i) High (2 – 2.9%) – with red colour.
(ii) 0 or decreases – with green colour.
Answer: