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GIS Imp. Notes For Lecture 1 and 2

This document provides a summary of frequent exam questions from Lecture 1 and 2 of a GIS course. It includes questions about data capturing functions, SQL and geodatabases, GIS models, the use of GIS in infrastructure projects, critical infrastructure protection, the GIS project lifecycle, GIS management and implementation. It also summarizes the differences between open and closed source software, and database management system types including hierarchical, network, relational and object-oriented models. Seven key GIS terminologies are defined.

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Alind mm
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38 views

GIS Imp. Notes For Lecture 1 and 2

This document provides a summary of frequent exam questions from Lecture 1 and 2 of a GIS course. It includes questions about data capturing functions, SQL and geodatabases, GIS models, the use of GIS in infrastructure projects, critical infrastructure protection, the GIS project lifecycle, GIS management and implementation. It also summarizes the differences between open and closed source software, and database management system types including hierarchical, network, relational and object-oriented models. Seven key GIS terminologies are defined.

Uploaded by

Alind mm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1 and 2 Frequent Exam Questions

1. Define All 11 Methods of Data Capturing Functions Individually


(Slides 28-54)

2. Define both SQL and Geodatabase

3. What are the types of models used in GIS? Describe each of them.

4. Why do civil engineers need GIS in their infrastructure projects and


how it can be helpful in better decision making?

5. Explain Critical Infrastructure Protection.

6. Describe project lifecycle and how GIS is involved in every single


aspect of it.

7. Describe GIS Management and how should GIS information be


handled within companies and organizations.

8. Describe GIS Implementation and factors considered in implementing


GIS.

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Rebin Kamaran
Differenece between Open and Closed Source Software (Summarized 35-53)
Diff. Open-Source Software Closed-Source (Properitary) Software

Software whose source code is available for Software whose source code is available for
Access modification or enhancement by modification or enhancement by
anyone. only the company.

License Source code modification doesn’t require Users must sign a license displayed the first time they
purchasing the license run this software that they won’t modify source code

Examples ModFlow , GRASS , QGIS ArcGIS , Office Programs, Idris

Database Management System Types (Summarized Slides 55-64)


Diff Hierarchical Network Relational Object-Oriented

Data are organized into a Data are organized into a Data are organized into Data are organized
tree-like structure using child graph structure using child tables with linkup into objects with
parent relationships with parent relationships with linkup
no linkup from child to linkup from child to parent
Arrangement parent

Quadtree is an extension of Valency of network is the These data models are


Other Hierarchical data model number of links at the therefore intuitive and
Information Quadtree accesses a small node; like 4-valent or 3- simple to use
part of a large map or raster valent nodes It deals with user-
oriented concepts like
Features interact with the land parcels and
linked features easements,
transformers and
fuses, not system-
oriented concepts like
points, lines, and
polygons

1) Administration 1) Transportation
Applications 2) Soil types 2) River networks
3) Image analysis

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Rebin Kamaran
Q/ What are the seven GIS terminologies? Describe them.

Terminology Definition
Vector Data Model A coordinate-based data model that represents geographic features as points,
lines, and polygons.

Each point feature is represented as a single coordinate pair, while line and
polygon features are represented as ordered lists of vertices.

Attributes are associated with each vector feature

Raster Data Model A raster consists of a matrix of cells (or pixels) organized into rows and columns
(or a grid) where each cell contains a value representing information, such as
temperature, elevation.

Rasters are digital aerial photographs, imagery from satellites, digital pictures,
or even scanned maps

Feature A feature is an object that stores its geographic representation, which is


typically a point, line, or polygon, as one of its properties (or fields) in the row

Feature Class Collection of features having common geometry, attributes and coordinate
systems
Points, lines, polygons, and annotation (text) are the main feature classes
Some feature classes of a project area:
Manhole cover locations as points Sewer lines Parcel polygons Street name

Feature Dataset a collection of related feature classes that share a common coordinate system.

Nonspatial information about a geographic feature in a GIS, usually stored in a


Attribute table and linked to the feature by a unique identifier. For example, attributes of
a river might include its name, length, and sediment load at a gauging station
.

A shapefile is an ESRI vector data storage format for storing the location,
Shapefile shape, and attributes of geographic features. It is stored as a set of related files
and contains one feature class

Data Themes Geographic representations are organized in a series of data themes

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Rebin Kamaran

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