DRONE TECHNOLOGY

A Project Report Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of

BATCHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
by
Nawaneet Kumar Singh (Roll No.- 1904220100077)
Dheeraj Prajapati (Roll No.- 2004220108001)
Shubham Bari (Roll No.- 2004220109017)
Md Yaseen (Roll No.- 2004220109008)

Under the Supervision of

Dr. C. L. P. Gupta
Professor

BANSAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY LUCKNOW

Affiliated to
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
Session: 2022-2023

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “DRONE TECHNOLOGY” submitted for the
B. Tech. (Computer Science and Engineering) degree is my original work and the
project has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree, diploma, fellowship,
or any other similar titles.

Name of Group Members with Signature

Nawaneet Kumar Singh (1904220100077)

Dheeraj Prajapati (2004220108001)
Shubham Bari (2004220109017)
Md Yaseen (2004220109008)

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “DRONE TECHNOLOGY” is the bonafide
work carried out by Nawaneet Kumar Singh(1904220100077), Shubham Bari
(2004220109017), Dheeraj Prajapati(2004220108001) & Md. Yaseen
(2004220109008) a student of B. Tech. (Computer Science and Engineering) of
Bansal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow Affiliated to DR. APJ
Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow(India) during the academic year 2022-
23, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology (Computer Science and Engineering) and that the project has not formed
the basis for the award previously of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or any other
similar title.

Signature of the Guide Signature

Dr. C. L. P. Gupta Mr. Sameer Awasthi

Professor & Dean Academics H.O.D.
Dept. of Computer Science & Engg.

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 ABSTRACT

This project is turning around an unmanned flying vehicle called drone. The aim of this
project is to find an appropriate mathematical model for such a machine and develop a
complete control architecture which will allow the drone to fly. Using this feature, we
can design a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) for many features like to count
peoples/object movement in rush area (Traffic, meeting place, fair etc.), observation and
scouting missions for civilian or even military personnel.
The main aim of this project is for live streaming and collecting images. This drone
includes a frame, flight control board, motors, electronic speed controllers, a
transmitter, a receiver, Lithium-Ion battery, and camera interfaced with the kit.
Individual components were tested and verified Tuning and calibration of the PID
controller were done to obtain stabilization on each axis. Currently, the drone can
properly stabilize itself. The aim of the project has been achieved, resulting in stable
and capturing images.
Drones are increasingly used in firefighting operations for various tasks, such as
providing real-time situational awareness, mapping the fire perimeter, and identifying
hot spots.
The use of drone in agriculture is helpful to farmers as it has some distinct advantages
such as high field capacity and efficiency, less turnaround time and other field
operational delays, wastage reduction of pesticide and fertilizers due to high degree of
atomization, water saving due to ultra-low volume spraying.
Drones are important for videography because they can give a high-quality image much
more accurately than footage from a regular camera. Additionally, aerial footage of
events can be quickly and easily captured using drones, making them useful tools for
producing documentaries and other types of videos.
In survey, Drones use a number of sensors at different angles to create thousands of
accurate data points, including geo-references, elevation points and colors. These data
points can then be assimilated into a 3D Point Cloud to give the surveyor or client a
unique perspective and view of the project.
In weather monitoring, drones are equipped with cameras, laser lights, GPS tracking,
altimeters, etc., they are highly effective for wildlife monitoring. Modern conservation
drones also use thermal and long-distance focal-point cameras to monitor wildlife
during day as well as night-time.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we are grateful to Almighty, the most beneficent and merciful who provides
us confidence and determination in accomplishing this work.
We are immensely thankful and express our deep sense of gratitude and in debtedness
to our Project Coordinator Prof. (Dr.) C.L.P. Gupta, Dean Academics & Professor in
Department of Information Technology, and guide. He suggests us a problem of vital
interest without which benign guidance and concrete advice to this project would not
have seen the light of the day. Their continuous monitoring and time management was
an inspired force for us to complete the work.
Among rest to mention we would like to thank all my colleagues and friends especially
my team members who supported and helped us in completion of this work.
We are grateful to the authors and scholars whose work we have referred as a guiding
stone in our project.
Lastly, we would like to thank my father and mother, no words can express our heartfelt
gratitude for them.

Name of Group Members & Signature

Nawaneet Kumar Singh (1904220100077)
Dheeraj Prajapati (2004220108001)
Shubham Bari (2004220109017)
Md Yaseen (2004220109008)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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 Topic Page No.

Front Page I
Declaration II
Certificate III
Abstract IV
Acknowledgement V
Table Of Content VI
List Of Figures VIII
Abbreviations IX
CHAPTER-1 Introduction 1-5
1.1 Introduction 1-3
1.1.1 Benefits of Drones for People Counting 2
1.1.2 Features of Drones for People Counting 2-3
1.2 Issues 3
1.3 Review 3-4
1.4 Objective 4
1.5 Organization of the Project 4-5
CHAPTER-2 Project Description 6-39
2.1 Project Description 6-7
2.2 Development and Construction 7-12
2.2.1 Brushless DC Motor 7
2.2.2 KK2.1.5 multi–Rotor Control Board 8-9
2.2.3 Electronic Speed Controller 9
2.2.4 Servo Motor 10
2.2.5 Lithium Ion Battery 11
2.2.6 Landing Gear 12
2.3 Control System Design 12-19
2.3.1 Control System 13-19
2.3.1.1 Types of Control System 13-14
2.3.1.2 Control System Applications 14
2.3.1.3 System Overview 14-15
2.3.1.4 Design Methodology 15-18
2.3.1.5 DC Servo Motor Function 18-19
2.3.1.5.1 DC Servo Motor Transfer Function 18-19
2.4 Proportional Controller 20
2.5 Control System Simulation 21-30
2.5.1 Roll Control System Transfer Function 24-25
2.5.2 Yaw Control System Transfer Function
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2.5.3 Pitch Control System Transfer Function 27-30
2.6 Wi-Fi Communication 30-32
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Name Page No.

2.1 EMAX bl 2815/09 7
2.2 kk2.1.5 Multi-Rotor control board 8
2.3 Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) 9
2.4 Servo Motor (Model: Futaba S-140) 10
2.5 3300mAh 3 cell Li-Po battery 11
2.6 Landing gear 12
2.7 Roll control system 16
2.8 Pitch control system 17
2.9 Yaw control system 18
2.10 DC Servo motor Simulink model 19
2.11 Open loop step response of DC servo motor 19
2.12 Proportional gain controller 20
2.13 Roll control system Simulink model 21
2.14 Roll control system Simulink model output 22
2.15 Yaw control system Simulink model 22
2.16 Pitch control system Simulink model 23
2.17 Pitch control system Simulink output 23
2.18 Roll control system step response 24
2.19 Roll control system Bode Plot 25
2.20 Yaw control system step response 26
2.21 Yaw control system Nyquist diagram 26
2.22 Yaw control system Bode Plot 27
2.23 Pitch control system step response 29
2.24 Pitch control system Nyquist diagram 29
2.25 Pitch control system Bode Plot 30
2.26 Procedure of operating system 35
2.27 IP-Webcam live video stream 36
2.28 Sketch of the drone 37
2.29 Diagram of Connections 38
2.30 Final Product Front & Back 39
3.1 Person Counting 48

ABBREVIATIONS
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UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
DARO Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office
BLDC: Brushless Direct Current
ESC Electronic Speed Controller
GPS Global Positioning System
3G Third generation mobile network
Li-Po Lithium-polymer battery
FCS Flight control system
PWM Pulse with Modulation
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
RMCS Roll Motion Control System
OS Operating System
CPU Central Processing Unit
Li-DAR Light Detection and Ranging
UAS Unmanned Aircraft System
RPAS Remotely Piloted Aircraft System
NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
RF Radio Frequency
OpenCV Open-Source Computer Vision Library

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