INTRODUCTION TO TECHNOLOGY AND difficulty grasping the information through verbal

LEARNING discussion.

ONLINE EDUCATION VS TRADITIONAL ➢ Technology as a teaching tool - Technology

EDUCATION provides students with easy-to-access information,
accelerated learning, and fun opportunities to
Online Education - Online education is a form of practice what they learn.
education which is delivered and administered using
the Internet. ➢ Technology as a learning tool - provides students
with easy-to-access information, accelerated
Traditional Education - traditional education means learning, and fun opportunities to practice what they
education in which instruction takes place between learn.
an instructor and students where all are physically
present in the same classroom. ➢ Technology provides enormous support to the
teacher - Technology provides enormous support to
UNDERSTANDING THE BASIC CONCEPTS the teacher as the facilitator of learning. It
IN ICT (T I T E E A) transforms a passive classroom to an active and
interactive one, with audio-visual aids and models,
TECHNOLOGY - the application of scientific smart classrooms, e-learning classrooms which
knowledge for practical purposes, especially in motivate and increase attention level of learners.
industry.
➢ Technology has modernized the teaching-
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY - refers to the learning environment- Technology provides
theory and practice of design, development, students with easy-to-access information,
utilization, management and evaluation of the accelerated learning, and fun opportunities to
processes and resources for learning. practice what they learn. It enables students to
explore new subjects and deepen their
TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION - Technology in understanding of difficult concepts, particularly in
education is also stated as educational technology or STEM.
Ed Tech. The combination of computer hardware
and software with educational theory facilitates the ➢ Technology opens new fields in educational
learning of students. researches - Through technology, researchers can
process data faster and more accurate.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY - is the field of
study that investigates the process of analyzing, ➢ Technology supports teacher professional
designing, developing, implementing, and development – Professional development utilizing
evaluating the instructional environment, learning technology should involve learning content in
materials, learners, and the learning process to context and modeling pedagogically appropriate
improve teaching and learning. methods.

EDUCATIONALMEDIA - refers to channels of ➢ Support learners to learn how to learn on their

communication that carry messages with an own
instructional purpose. They are usually utilized for
the sole purpose of learning and teaching. ➢ Enhances learners’ communication skills
through social interactions.
AUDIO- VISUAL - using both sight and sound,
typically in the form of slides or video and recorded ➢ Upgrades learners’ HOTS: critical thinking,
speech or music. problem solving and creativity.
❖ Digital Literacy – ability to use
information and communication ICT AND ASSESSMENT
technologies and the Internet.
❖ Digital Learning – any type of learning Current Trends In Assessment Of Learning
that is accompanied by technology. ✓Multiple measures
❖ Digital tools – applications (on-line and ✓Increasing the use of technology
offline) ✓Focus on growth of the learner
❖ Multimedia - variety of media formats ✓Differentiating the roles and
responsibilities
ROLES OF ICT IN TEACHING AND
LEARNING according to Stosic (2015)
➢ Technology as a tutor - With technology, tutors CAA (Computer-Assisted Assessment)
and teachers can bring simulations and modeling -any form of assessment delivered through
into the classroom, assisting students who have computers.
 Computer-assisted assessment is used to
assess learning and performance of the students. It DIGITAL LITERACY SKILLS IN THE 21ST
includes all types of assessments whether formative CENTURY
or summative assessment and which is then Digital literacies are the individual’s capabilities to
conveyed with the assistance of these modern be able to effectively and responsibly function and
technologies. Delivery of the assessment is made perform in digital society. The term “digital
online as well as offline. literacy” was coined by Paul Gilster in 1997.

E-Portfolios: a digital compilation of learning THE DIGITAL LITERACIES

records of a student.
Electronic portfolio is a process of gathering MEDIA LITERACY – one’s ability to critically
of e - evidence collected and maintained by a read information and content.
person on the web. Such kind of e-evidence include
written text, files, multimedia, images and INFORMATION LITERACY – locating
hyperlinks. The E- portfolios is basically useful for information from the web and interpreting and
assessing the abilities of the person. evaluating its validity.

Digital Rubrics: includes the descriptions in the ICT LITERACY – knowing how to select and use
subjective manner about the performance of a digital devices, apps, and services.
student.
After making the use of a rubric, the student COMMUNICATION & COLLABORATION –
can access their weakness. The way of assessment one’s capabilities in being able to participate in
in rubrics follows the formative type of assessment digital networks.
as student can know the weakness in any area where
he/she needs to improve. Teachers in the schools Online communities/social networking
can extend their support to students in the 1. Facebook
construction of a rubric. Facebook is an online social media and
social networking service owned by American
Survey Tools: used to collect feedback from company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by
students regarding any manner. Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College
students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew
ICT POLICIES, ISSUES, AND GUIDELINES McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes,
its name comes from the face book directories often
ICT policies are needed to put a roadmap or course given to American university students. As of July
of actions to be pursued and adopted by various 2022, Facebook claimed 2.93 billion monthly active
governments, org, entities, involving ICT. users, and ranked third worldwide among the most
visited websites as of July 2022. It was the most
SOME ISSUES ON ICT downloaded mobile app of the 2010s.
• ISSUE NO. 1: Freedom of Expression and
Censorship 2. Twitter
• ISSUE NO. 2: Privacy and Security Twitter is a microblogging and social
• ISSUE NO. 3: Surveillance and Data networking service owned by American company
Retention Twitter, Inc., on which users post and interact with
• ISSUE NO. 4: E-pollutants from E-waste messages known as "tweets". Twitter was created
by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan
E-SAFETY Williams in March 2006 and launched in July of
➢ Helps safeguard children and young people in that year.
the digital world
➢ Emphasizes learning to understand and new 3. LinkedIn
technologies in a positive way LinkedIn is an American business and
employment-oriented online service that operates
➢ Educates children about the risks as well as the via websites and mobile apps. Launched on May 5,
benefits so we can feel confident online. 2003, the platform is primarily used for professional
networking and career development, and allows job
➢ Supports young learners and adults to develop seekers to post their CVs and employers to post
safer online behaviors, both in and out of school jobs. From 2015 most of the company's revenue
came from selling access to information about its
NETWORK MANAGEMENT members to recruiters and sales professionals. Since
1. Safety in the Use of Network in Schools December 2016, it has been a wholly owned
2. Password Policy subsidiary of Microsoft. As of February 2022,
3. Personal mobile phones and mobile devices LinkedIn has 830+ million registered members
4. Cameras from over 200 countries and territories.
 photos. It has changed ownership several times and
4. Google has been owned by SmugMug since April 20, 2018.
Google was founded on September 4, 1998, 10. Bebo
by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Bebo is an American social networking
PhD students at Stanford University in California. website that originally operated from 2005 until its
Google is the “most powerful company in the bankruptcy in 2013 and relaunched in February
world" and one of the world's most valuable brands 2021. The site relaunched several times after its
due to its market dominance, data collection, and bankruptcy with a number of short-lived offerings,
technological advantages in the area of artificial including instant messaging and video streaming,
intelligence. until its acquisition by Amazon in July 2019 when it
was shut down. It was announced in January 2021
5. Youtube that it would be returning as a new social media site
YouTube is an American online video the month after. By May 2022, it had been once
sharing and social media platform headquartered in again shutdown, without having ever left beta
San Bruno, California. It was launched on February testing.
14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed
Karim. It is owned by Google, and is the second Benefits And Dangers In Using Social
most visited website, after Google Search. Networking Sites

6. Pinterest Benefits
Pinterest is an image sharing and social 1. Technology Literacy
media service designed to enable saving and 2. Breadth of Knowledge
discovery of information (specifically "ideas") on 3. Bringing people together
the internet using images, and on a smaller scale, 4. Attracts attention
animated GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards. 5. Opportunity to widen business
The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul
Sciarra, and Evan Sharp, and had 433 million global Dangers
monthly active users as of July 2022. It is operated 1. Distraction
by Pinterest, Inc., based in San Francisco. 2. Relationship problems
3. Health problems
7. Instagram 4. Illegal crimes and virus attacks
Instagram is a photo and video sharing 5. Negatively affecting worker productivity
social networking service owned by American
company Meta Platforms. The app allows users to IDENTITY MANAGEMENT – understand how to
upload media that can be edited with filters and ensure safety and security in managing online
organized by hashtags and geographical tagging. identity.
Posts can be shared publicly or with preapproved
followers. Users can browse other users' content by Safeguarding oneself in using social networking
tag and location, view trending content, like photos, sites
and follow other users to add their content to a 1. Secure password
personal feed. 2. Log-out every time
3. Digital footprint
8. Tumblr 4. Do not accept invites from strangers
Is a (stylized as tumblr; pronounced 5. Regularly check privacy settings
"tumbler") is an American microblogging and social 6. Seriously consider the effect of possible posts on
networking website founded by David Karp in 2007 others
and currently owned by Automattic. The service 7. Using appropriate language
allows users to post multimedia and other content to 8. Better be safe than sorry
a short-form blog. Users can follow other users' 9. Report button
blogs. Bloggers can also make their blogs private. 10. Cyberbullying
For bloggers, many of the website's features are
accessed from a "dashboard" interface. As of July LEARNING SKILLS – knowing how to study and
2021, Tumblr hosts more than 529 million blogs. learn in a technology–enriched environment.

9. Flickr DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP– think and participate

Flickr is an American image hosting and in professional and research practices.
video hosting service, as well as an online
community, founded in Canada and headquartered
in the United States. It was created by Ludicorp in
2004 and was a popular way for amateur and 8 DIGITAL LITERACY SKILLS (LYNCH,
professional photographers to host high-resolution 2017)
 1. CODING - the process of assigning a code 2.1. Demonstrate understanding of concepts,
to something for classification or principles and theories of ICT systems as they apply
identification. to teaching-learning
2.2. Evaluate digital and non-digital learning
2. COLLABORATION - the action of working resources in response to student’s diverse needs.
with someone to produce or create 2.3. Develop digital learning resources to enhance
something. teaching-learning
2.4. Use ICT tools to develop 21st century skills:
3. CLOUD SOFTWARE - is application information media and technology skills, learning
software that is hosted in the cloud and that skills, learning and innovation skills, career skills
you access and use via a web browser, a and effective communication skills.
dedicated desktop client, or an API that • Domain 3: Pedagogy
integrates with your desktop or mobile 3.1. Apply relevant technology tools for classroom
operating system. activities
3.2. Use ICT knowledge to solve complex problems
4. WORD PROCESSING - refers to the act of and support students’ collaborative activities
using a computer to create, edit, save, and 3.3. Model collaborative knowledge construction in
print documents. To perform word face to face and virtual environment
processing, specialized software (known as a
Word Processor) is needed. • Domain 4: Technology Tools
4.1 Demonstrate competence in the technical
5. SCREEN CASTING - is a digital video and operations of technology tools and systems as they
audio recording of what occurs on a apply to teaching and learning
presenter's computer screen, and it can be 4.2 Use technology tools to create new learning
used to create sophisticated, information- opportunities to support community of learners
rich multimedia presentations. 4.3 Demonstrate proficiency in the use of
technology tools to support teaching and learning
6. ARCHIVING - a place in which public
records or historical materials (such as • Domain 5: Organization and Administration
documents) are preserved an archive of 5.1 Manage technology-assisted instruction in an
historical manuscripts a film archive. inclusive classroom environment
5.2 Exhibit leadership in shared decision-making
7. INFORMATION EVALUATION - using technology tools
encourages you to think critically about the
reliability, validity, accuracy, authority, • Domain 6: Teacher Professional Learning
timeliness, point of view or bias of 6.1. Explore existing and emerging technology to
information sources. acquire additional content and pedagogical
knowledge
8. SOCIAL MEDIA - is a collective term for 6.2 Utilize technology tools in creating
websites and applications that focus on communities of practice
communication, community-based input, 6.3 Collaborative with peers, colleagues, and
interaction, content-sharing, and stakeholders to access information in support of
collaboration. professional learning

RA 8293 • Domain 7: Teacher Disposition

AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE INTELLECTUAL 7.1 Demonstrate social, ethical, and legal
PROPERTY CODE AND ESTABLISHING responsibility in the use of technology tools and
THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE, resources
PROVIDING FOR ITS POWERS AND 7.2 Show positive attitude towards the use of
FUNCTIONS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES technology tools

ISTE Standards for Students and Teachers

ICT Competency Standards for Pre-Service Teacher (Philippine Setup)
• Domain 1: Understanding ICT in Education
1.1. Demonstrate awareness of policies affecting ISTE Standards for Students
ICT in education 1. Creativity and Innovation – students express
1.2. Comply with ICT policies as they affect themselves creatively for a variety of
teaching-learning environment purposes using platforms, tools, styles, and
1.3. Contextualize ICT policies to the learning formats appropriate for their goals.
environment
2. Communication and Collaboration –
• Domain 2: Curriculum and Assessment students use digital tools to connect with
 learners from a variety of backgrounds and adoption of new digital resources and tools
cultures in ways that broaden mutual for learning.
understanding and learning.
6. Social, Ethical, Legal and Human Issues -
3. Research and Information Fluency - educators inspire students to positively
Students plan and employ effective research contribute to and responsibly participate in the
strategies to locate information and other digital world.
resources for their intellectual or creative Create experiences for learners to make
pursuits. positive, socially responsible contributions and
exhibit empathetic behavior online that build
4. Critical Thinking, Problem-Solving & relationships and community.
Decision Making - students develop and
employ strategies for understanding and
solving problems in ways that leverage the ICT4E
power of technological methods to develop
and test solutions. Promote OER Creation – Having the technology to
access learning resources. Engaging educational
5. Digital Citizenship - students recognize the content must be produced, updated, repurposed, and
rights, responsibilities, and opportunities of distributed regularly.
living, learning, and working in an
interconnected digital world, and they act Appropriate Technologies – The choice of
and model in ways that are safe, legal, and technology should be practical, cost-effective, and
ethical. sustainable. Use technologies that are accessible to
all learners including TV, radio, and print.
6. Technology Operations and Concepts -
students leverage technology to take an Donor Coordination and Harmonization –
active role in choosing, achieving, and Initiatives and beneficiaries should be well
demonstrating competency in their learning coordinated. Connecting projects with the most
goals, informed by the learning sciences. appropriate recipients helps lessen the cost and
maximize impact.
ISTE Standards for Teachers
1. Technology Operations and Concepts - Public Private Sector Financing – The private sector
educators continually improve their practice must be motivated to participate. Investing in
by learning from and with others and ICT4E will help ensure the continuity of the
exploring proven and promising practices computer- literate workforce.
that leverage technology to improve student
learning. THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES IN THE USE
OF TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN LESSONS
2. Planning and Designing Learning
Environment and Experiences - educators ADDIE Model
design authentic, learner-driven activities
and environments that recognize and Analysis
accommodate learner variability. The Analysis phase can be considered as the
“Goal-Setting Stage.” The focus of the designer in
3. Teaching, Learning and Curriculum - this phase is on the target audience. It is also here
educators facilitate learning with technology that the program matches the level of skill and
to support student achievement of the ISTE intelligence that each student/participant shows.
Standards for Students. Aligned with the
curriculum. Design
This stage determines all goals, tools to be
4. Assessment and Evaluation - educators used to gauge performance, various tests, subject
understand and use data to drive their matter analysis, planning and resources. In the
instruction and support students in achieving design phase, the focus is on learning objectives,
their learning goals. Provide alternative content, subject matter analysis, exercise, lesson
ways for students to demonstrate planning, assessment instruments used and media
competency and reflect on their learning selection.
using technology.
Development
5. Productivity and Professional Practice - The Development stage starts the production
model for colleagues the identification, and testing of the methodology being used in the
exploration, evaluation, curation and project. In this stage, designers make use of the data
collected from the two previous stages and use this
information to create a program that will relay what
needs to be taught to participants. If the two Evaluate and Revise
previous stages required planning and The last step in the ASSURE process is just as
brainstorming, the Development stage is all about crucial as all of the others. In this step, you evaluate
putting it into action. the impact of your teaching on student learning.
This includes an evaluation of your teaching
Implementation strategies and the technology, media, and materials
The implementation stage reflects the that you used.
continuous modification of the program to make
sure maximum efficiency and positive results are SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation,
obtained. Here is where IDs strive to redesign, Modification, Redefinition) Model
update, and edit the course in order to ensure that it
can be delivered effectively. Substitution
At this stage, technology is directly
Evaluation substituted for a more traditional teaching tool or
The last stage of the ADDIE method is method. It is a simple, bare-bones, direct
Evaluation. This is the stage in which the project is replacement.
being subjected to meticulous final testing regarding
the what, how, why, when of the things that were Augmentation
accomplished (or not accomplished) of the entire The technology is again directly substituted
project. This phase can be broken down into two for a traditional tool or method, but with
parts: Formative and Summative. enhancements to the student experience. Ask
yourself if the technology increases or augments a
ASSURE Model student’s productivity and potential in some way.

Analyze Learners Modification

The first step in the process is that the In this stage, you are beginning to move
teacher should analyze the attributes of her learners. from enhancement to transformation using the
There should be a focus on those learner SAMR Model. Instead of replacement or
characteristics which are associated with the enhancement, this is an actual change to the
learning outcomes desired. The information lesson’s design and its learning outcome.
gathered will help you in the decisions that you
make with respect to the other steps in the process. Redefinition
State Standards and Objectives The last stage of the SAMR model
After the analysis of the learner attributes, represents the pinnacle of how integrated classroom
the teacher must state standards and objectives for technology can transform a student’s experience. In
the learning module. This statement consists of a this case, you ask yourself if the technology tools
specification of what the learners will be able to do allow educators to redefine a traditional learning
as a result of the instruction. task in a way that would not be possible without the
tech, creating a novel experience.
Select Strategies, Technology, Media, and Materials
The second “s” in the acronym stands for TPACK (Technology, Pedagogy and Content
select strategies, technology, media, and materials. Knowledge) Framework
Given what your learning objectives are, it is
necessary to pick instructional strategies, Content Knowledge (CK) – This describes teachers’
technology, and media that will bring about the own knowledge of the subject matter.
results that you want.
Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) – This describes
Utilize Technology, Media, and Materials teachers’ knowledge of the practices, processes, and
This step in the ASSURE process concerns methods regarding teaching and learning.
making a plan as to how you will utilize the
technology, media, and materials that you have Technological Knowledge (TK) – This describes
selected. As with all of the instructional steps, you teachers’ knowledge of, and ability to use, various
must make sure that your plans contribute towards technologies, technological tools, and associated
producing the objectives that you have laid down. resources.

Require Learner Participation

This step actually belongs within earlier steps. It
requires that you make plans for how you are going
to actively engage your students in the material that
you are teaching. This needs to be figured out both TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED LESSONS
at the class level and the individual level.
Non-Digital and Digital Skills and Tools in Online Bulletin Board - is a qualitative approach
Delivering Technology-Enhanced Lessons that gathers a virtual assembly of people to facilitate
data production through interactive discussion
Writing Board - work surface consisting of a wide among participants and a moderator.
lightweight board that can be placed across the lap
and used for writing. E-Portfolio - is a collection of work (evidence) in an
electronic format that displays learning over time.
Diorama - a model representing a scene with three-
dimensional figures, either in miniature or as a COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENT IN THE
large-scale museum exhibit. DIGITAL WORLD

Nature Table - A table on which items collected SKYPE - is software that enables the world's
from nature, such as seeds, rocks, birds' nests, etc., conversations. Millions of individuals and
are displayed to teach children about the natural businesses use Skype to make free videos and voice
world. one-to-one and group calls, send instant messages
and share files with other people on Skype.
Flip Chart- a large pad of paper bound so that each
page can be turned over at the top to reveal the next, WIKI - a website that allows collaborative editing
used on a stand at presentations. of its content and structure by its users.

Zigzag Board - It is a multi-board series of three or BLOGGING - is the process of writing a blog, an
four rectangular boards. They are joined together online journal in which you share your thoughts
along the sides by hinges so that they can be easily about a particular subject with readers.
folded up and carried.
GOOGLE GROUP/FORM - Organizations, classes,
Board/Wall Display- students use display boards to teams, and other groups can use Google Groups to
promote clubs, recognize athletics and display art do things such as: Find people with similar hobbies
projects. The purpose of the display board in that or interests and take part in online conversations.
context is to catch the viewer's attention and explain
what was performed and what was learned. Multimedia Learning
Reducing Extraneous Processing
Role And Pole Display- Display boards help 1. Coherence -Delete irrelevant material
children's education by assisting with visual 2. Signaling – Highlight essential content
learning; teachers use display boards to highlight 3. Redundancy – Do not add captions to narrated
images relevant to the lesson subject. graphics
4. Spatial contiguity – Place words near
Guidelines in the Construction and Development corresponding graphics
of Conventional Instructional Support 5. Temporal Contiguity – Present spoken words at
Materials: the same time as graphics
1. Unity - the quality or state of being one
2. Simplicity - the quality or condition of Managing Essential Processing
being easy to understand or do. 1. Segmenting - Breaking video lessons into
3. Legibility - the quality of being clear learner-paced parts.
enough to read. 2. Pre-Training – Present key concepts before the
4. Consistency - always behaves in the same actual lesson.
way, has the same attitudes towards people 3. Modality – use of spoken words rather than
or things, or achieves the same level of printed words
success in something
5. Clarity - the quality of being coherent and Fostering Generative Processing
intelligible. 1. Personalization – Put words in conversational
style rather than formal style.
Digital Tools or Non-Conventional Instructional 2. Voice – use actual human voice for narrations
Support for Teaching and Learning instead of automated voice
3. Embodiment – video presenters must have
Mobile Phones And QR Code - A QR code is a type human-like gestures.
of barcode that can be read easily by a digital device
and which stores information as a series of pixels in
a square-shaped grid.

Infographics - a visual image such as a chart or FLEXIBLE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

diagram used to represent information or data.
Synchronous
 - Students learn at the same time Opposite to the face-to-face model, the
- Communication happens in real time online driver model is where students work
- Instant feedback remotely, and the material is delivered via an online
platform. Although face-to-face check-ins are
Asynchronous optional, students can usually chat with teachers
- Students learn at various times online if necessary. This model of blended learning
- Not live is perfect for students who need more flexibility and
- Students work at their own pace independence in their daily schedules.

Blended Learning Online Lab Blended Learning Model

a style of education in which students learn As schools increasingly face tighter resource
via electronic and online media as well as constraints, the online lab model is a viable option
traditional face-to-face teaching. for helping students complete their courses
including those not offered at the specific site. In
Models of Blended Learning this scenario, all of the curricula are delivered via a
digital platform but in a consistent physical location
Face-to-Face Driver (such as a computer lab). Individuals supervise the
As the name implies, the face-to-face model lab, but they are not teachers who are trained.
of blended learning involves a great deal of student-
teacher interaction. It is primarily (although not Self-Blend Blended Learning Model
always) delivered through classroom teaching, The self-blend model of blended learning
where students are in physical attendance. allows students to augment their traditional learning
with online coursework. For this model of blended
Lab Rotation Blended Learning Model learning to be successful, students need to be highly
This is another model of blended learning motivated. It is ideal for students who want to take
which works by allowing students to rotate through additional, advanced placement courses or those
digital stations on a fixed schedule, i.e., learners are who are interested in a subject area that is not
required to physically change rooms. Learners covered in the traditional course catalog.
rotate to a computer lab for online learning
activities rather than staying within the same LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
classroom. •deploy and track online training initiatives
•develop online training materials
The ‘Flipped Classroom’ Blended Learning Model •store and track information
The most widely known version of blended
learning, a ‘Flipped Classroom’ is where students LMS (Learning Management Systems) Options:
are introduced to the content at home. They practice
working through it at school supported by a teacher 1. Cloud-Based
and/or peers. In this method, the traditional role of •Learning is done online
each other is flipped. Such as students watching •Needs log-in access
online lectures and then collaborating in online •No installation needed
discussions. This also means that the students carry •Requires a browser to access
out research at home while actively engaging in
concepts in the classroom. 2. Desktop Application
•The LMS app is installed on the desktop
Flex Blended Learning Model computer.
In the Flex model, most of the curriculum is •May be accessed online or offline
delivered via a digital platform. Here, online depending on subscription.
learning is the backbone of student learning and •Online access is required during submission
teachers are available for face-to-face consultation
and support. The students work independently and 3. Mobile Application
learn to develop/create new concepts in a digital •accessible whenever, wherever via mobile
environment. devices.
•may only access limited features due to
À La Carte Blended Learning Model screen size and memory
In the À La Carte blended learning model,
learners take an online course in addition to the core
curriculum. This means that students have the
option to choose courses online to supplement their
existing course load. The students are expected to
get the work done by a given due date.

Online Driver Blended Learning Model