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OUTLINE FOR FULL PAPER RESEARCH REPORTS (JOURNAL FORMAT)

A. Preliminary Parts

Article title. The title should be clearly stated and to the point. It has to be catchy,
interesting and relevant. It should be able to stand alone to convey the importance of
the data and communicate the contents of the study. It should not be more that 20
words, ALL CAPS and is written in inverted pyramid style.
Author. This provides the name of the author, work affiliation and email address
Abstract. This is a brief summary of the research which allows the reader to survey the
contents of an article quickly”. It should state the purpose of the research, the main
results or findings and major conclusions.. This must be stated in at most 300 words and
in paragraph form to include the context, purpose, methods, salient findings and
conclusions derived from the results.
Keywords. This part includes 5 words (discipline of the study, concepts/variables,
methods, process, and geography of the study, country, continent) that capture the
essence

B. Body of the Research Report

Introduction. This gives the overview of what the research is all about and situating it in
the existing research. This should show why the research is worth investigating. This is
normally done with reference to existing research, identifying areas that have not been
explored, needs to be explored further, or where new research findings justify a
reconsideration of established knowledge. Presentation of the review of related
literature as well as the research framework will be integrated in this part. The
introduction provides the background of the study. Begins with a global perspective
with literature to support the argument that the problem is real and therefore must be
studied. It includes the literature done in the topic for the past five years (possibly). The
literature will be incorporated in the introduction establishing the need for the study.
This part includes the following:
Conceptual Framework. The framework of the study provides the organization
for the study. It guides the researcher in the interpretations of the results. The
importance of the theory is dependent on the degree of research-based evidence
and level of its theory development. A theoretical framework provides a broad
explanation of relationships that exists between concepts. A theoretical
framework is based on a theory or theories. When no existing theory fits the
concepts that the researcher wishes to study, the researcher may construct
a conceptual framework that can be used to describe and begin to explain the
relationships of the concepts.
The framework can be presented in a figure and explained after.
Statement of the Problem. This portion should state the problem clearly to
include the main problem or objective as well as the specific sub-problems which
are also written in the form of questions.
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Methodology. This portion describes the over-all plan for the investigation. This includes
the following:
Research Design. This portion describes the research
approach(qualitative/quantitative), type of research (basic/applied), and the
specific research design used in the study. It further provides reasons for the
choice of the research design and will it be utilized.
Participants of the Study/Sources of Data/Subjects of the Study. This section
presents the sources of data whether these involve human participants, animal
subjects or documents. The sampling method and the selection
criteria(inclusion/exclusion) for the participants, subjects and other data sources
are also discussed. Further, this part also presents the data to be gathered from
the specified sources.
Instrumentation. This part discusses all the instruments utilized in the study. The
variables being measured by the instruments are also mentioned along with the
different parts of the instruments. How will this be answered and how will it
measure, along with who will answer the instruments needs to be mentioned. In
the case of survey questionnaires, the content validation and reliability testing of
the tools are discussed. Scoring guide are also presented in this section.
Data Collection Procedure. This part outlines (numbered) the steps undergone
by the researcher/s in data collection. Compliance to ethical standards regarding
data collection are also detailed in the section.
Data Analysis. This part discusses the tools used in data gathering such as
statistical tools (for quantitative data) or data coding tools (for qualitative data).
It also presents other tools that are used for interpretation of data such as
rubrics, scales, are scoring guides.

Results and Discussion. This reports the findings objectively. Modes of presentation
may be in textual, tabular, and graphical form. The presentation is done by briefly
stating the main results or findings. The salient findings follow discussions that would
contain interpretations or implications which were supported by literature.

Conclusion and Recommendations. These are general statements that are logically
inferred from the results of the study.
Conclusion. This part discusses in general the implications of the data from the
study. The general implications should focus on what information has been
learned. If the null hypothesis was accepted, it is still necessary to analyze and
explain the results. It answers the objectives; and provides the judgment of the
findings. Thus, the new information provided by the study should be presented
in this section.
Recommendations. Recommendations to further expand or refine the existing
body of knowledge can also be mentioned in this part.
References. This lists the sources cited in the body of the paper which are written using
the APA citation style.
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OUTLINE FOR RESEARCH PAPERS/TERM PAPERS/ LITERATURE REVIEWS

A. Preliminary Parts

Article title. The title should be clearly stated and to the point. It has to be catchy,
interesting and relevant. It should be able to stand alone to convey the importance of
the data and communicates the contents of the study. It should not be more that 20
words, ALL CAPS and is written in inverted pyramid style.
Author. This provides the name of the author, work affiliation and email address
Abstract. This is a brief summary of the research work which allows the reader to survey
the contents of an article quickly. It should state the purpose of the project and the
general knowledge derived from the obtained information. This must be stated in at
most 300 words and in paragraph form to include the context, purpose, salient data and
conclusions derived.
Keywords. This part includes 5 words (discipline of the study, concepts/variables,
process, and geography of the study, country, continent) that capture the essence.

Introduction. This gives the overview of what the project is all about and situating it in
the existing research. This should show why the research is worth investigating. This is
normally done with reference to existing research, identifying areas that have not been
explored, needs to be explored further, or where new research findings justify a
reconsideration of established knowledge. Presentation of the review of related
literature as well as the research framework will be integrated in this part. The
introduction provides the background of the study. Begins with a global perspective
with literature to support the argument that the problem is real and therefore must be
studied. It includes the literature done in the topic for the past five years (possibly). The
literature will be incorporated in the introduction establishing the need for the study.
The last part states the research objectives which shall serve as the bases for the logical
organization in the presentation of the body.

Body of the Research Report. This reports the findings objectively. Modes of
presentation may be in textual, tabular, and graphical form. The presentation is done by
briefly stating the main results or findings. The salient findings follow discussions that
would contain interpretations or implications which were supported by literature.

Conclusion and Recommendations. These are general statements that are logically
inferred from the results of the study.
Conclusion. This part discusses in general the implications of the data from the
study. The general implications should focus on what information has been
learned. If the null hypothesis was accepted, it is still necessary to analyze and
explain the results. It answers the objectives; and provides the judgment of the
findings. Thus, the new information provided by the study should be presented
in this section.
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Recommendations. Recommendations to further expand or refine the existing

body of knowledge can also be mentioned in this part.
References. This lists the sources cited in the body of the paper which are written using
the APA citation style.

Space: single space

Font: Times New Roman, Font size 10

Number of Pages: at most 10 including abstract and references

OUTLINE FOR ACADEMIC PAPERS AND LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Preliminary Parts

1. Article title
The title should be clearly stated and to the point. It has to be catchy, interesting and
relevant. It should be able to stand alone to convey the importance of the data and
communicates the contents of the study. It should not be more that 20 words, ALL
CAPS and is written in inverted pyramid style.
2. Author name/s
*School or Work Affiliation
*Email Address
3. Abstract
This summarizes the contents of the paper. An abstract is “a brief, comprehensive
summary of the contents of the article; it allows the reader to survey the contents of an
article quickly”. It should state the purpose of the research, the main results or findings
and major conclusions.. This must be stated in at most 300 words and in paragraph form
to include the context, purpose, methods, salient findings and conclusions derived from
the results.
4. Keywords
This part includes at most 5 key concepts or variables that were explored in the study. : At
least three not more than 5 words (discipline of the study, concepts/variables, methods,
process, and geography of the study, country, continent)

B. Main Part
1. Introduction
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This gives the overview of what the research is all about and situating it in the existing research.
This should show why the research is worth investigating. This is normally done with reference
to existing research, identifying areas that have not been explored, needs to be explored
further, or where new research findings justify a reconsideration of established knowledge.
Presentation of the review of related literature as well as the research framework will be
integrated in this part. The introduction provides the background of the study. Begins with a
global perspective with literature to support the argument that the problem is real and
therefore must be studied. It includes the literature done in the topic for the past five years
(possibly). The literature will be incorporated in the introduction establishing the need for the
study. This portion should state the problem clearly to include the main problem or objective as
well as the specific sub-problems which are also written in the form of questions.
2. Body
This reports the findings objectively. Modes of presentation may be in textual, tabular,
and graphical form. The presentation is done by briefly stating the main results or
findings. The salient findings must follow discussions that would contain
interpretations or implications which were supported by literature.
3. Conclusion and Recommendations
These are general statements that are logically inferred from the results of the study.
Recommendations to further expand or refine the existing body of knowledge can also
be mentioned in this part.
4. References
This lists the sources cited in the body of the paper which are written using the APA
citation style.

(Single-Spaced)
RECOMMEDATION/S
(Single-Spaced)
This part outlines the recommendations to the different stakeholders who may make use of the
data of the study. The researcher specifies how the study can be utilized by individuals,
groups/organizations or institutions.

FORMAT FOR ACADEMIC PAPERS AND LITERATURE REVIEWS

TITLE OF PAPER
It should not be more that 20 words, ALL CAPS and is written in inverted pyramid style.
(Single-Spaced)
Name of Author/s
Institutional Affiliation, Campus/College/Department, Country/State
e-mail address
(Single- Spaced)
(Single-Spaced)
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ABSTRACT
(Single-Spaced)
The first line of the abstract is not indented. The abstract should be stated in 150- 250
words and in one paragraph. It should use single line spacing; font style is Courier New, in
italics; font size is 12 points.
(Single-Spaced)
Keywords: At least three not more than 5 words (discipline of the study, concepts/variables,
methods, process, and geography of the study, country, continent)
(Single-Spaced)
(Single-Spaced)
INTRODUCTION
(Single-Spaced)
The full paper submitted for publication shall adhere to the general standards set forth
in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) Sixth Edition. The
length of the full paper should preferably be not more than 6,000 words, Word processed in
letter size (8.5” x 11”) paper. There should be no space between two paragraphs. Use single line
spacing and 2.5 cm (or 1 inch) margins for all sides of the paper. The font style is Courier New
(Body), font size is 11 points. Do not place page numbering. All sentences are aligned to both
left and right margins (Justify).
(Single- Spaced)
Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework
(Single-Spaced)
The framework of the study provides the organization for the study. It guides the researcher in
the interpretations of the results. The importance of the theory is dependent on the degree of
research-based evidence and level of its theory development. A theoretical framework provides
a broad explanation of relationships that exists between concepts. A theoretical framework is
based on ONE theory. When no existing theory fits the concepts that the researcher wishes to
study, the researcher may construct a conceptual framework that can be used to describe and
begin to explain the relationships of the concepts.
The framework can be presented in a figure and explained after.
(Single-Spaced)

Statement of the Problem

(Single-Spaced)
The statement of the problem transforms the generalized problem into a targeted, well defined
problem that one can resolve. It is usually divided into two parts, the general problem
statement and the specific statement of the problem.
(Single Space)
METHODOLOGY
(Single-Spaced)
The level 1 heading is Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase. Leave a space of 12 points
before the beginning of a new head. Include in your full paper sufficient details to allow the
work to be replicated. If the study deals with human subjects, informed consent is needed. If
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study deals on animals, ethics protocol for animal subjects is needed. If about plants, a
gratuitous permit is needed. In such cases, a clearance for an Ethics Review Board is required.
(Single-Spaced)

Research Design
Level 2 heading is Flush left, Boldface, Uppercase, and Lowercase Heading. The research design
and all the other parts of the methodology are written as level 2 heading.
The research design specifically mentions the type of design used in the study as well as how it
is utilized in the study.
(Single-Spaced)
Participants of the Study
This part specifies the participants of the study and the population where they came from.
Participants are used when humans are the research participants. It should contain the
sampling method utilized in the study and the selection criteria(inclusion/exclusion). For animal
and others, use subjects of the study. For documents, use Sources of Data. Characteristics of
the participants/subjects should also be discussed.
(Single-Spaced)
Instrumentation
(Single-Spaced)
Discuss in here all the instruments utilized in the study. The variables being measured by the
instruments are also mentioned along with the different parts of the instruments. How will this
be answered and how will it measure, along with who will answer the instruments needs to be
mentioned. In the case of survey questionnaires, the content validation and reliability testing
of the tools are discussed.
(Single-Spaced)
Data Collection Procedure
(Single-Spaced)
This part outlines (numbered) the steps undergone by the researcher/s in data collection.
(Single-Spaced)
Data Analysis
(Single-Spaced)
This part discusses the statistical tools (quantitative) or the data coding tools (qualitative)
utilized to analyze the data collected.
(Single-Spaced)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(Single-Spaced)
This section should present the summary of the research outcomes. This part should contain
the results, the interpretation as well as literature support as part of the discussion. Data
presentation is aligned with the specific research questions. You can use the level 2, level 3 and
level 4 heading depending on the results of your study. Level 1 heading is not indented with
normal boldface font and in title case. Levels 2, 3 and remaining headings are indented, not in
normal typeface and in title case heading. The paragraph begins right in line with the heading.
(Single-Spaced)
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CONCLUSION/S
(Single-Spaced)
This part discusses in general the implications of the data from the study. The general
implications should focus on what information has been learned. If the null hypothesis was
accepted, it is still necessary to analyze and explain the results. It answers the objectives; and
provides the judgment of the findings. Thus, the new information provided by the study should
be presented in this section.
(Single-Spaced)
RECOMMEDATION/S
(Single-Spaced)
This part outlines the recommendations to the different stakeholders who may make use of the
data of the study. The researcher specifies how the study can be utilized by individuals,
groups/organizations or institutions.
(Single-Spaced)
References
For papers following the APA style, use sixth edition style in listing the references. Hanging
indent should be used for the reference list entries. Arrange the reference list entries in
alphabetical order by the surname of the first author or by the title if there is no author. For
other writing styles, please follow the format given in the respective manuals.

The Basic Outline of a Paper The following outline shows a basic format for most academic
papers. No matter what length the paper needs to be, it should still follow the format of having
an introduction, body, and conclusion. Read over what typically goes in each section of the
paper. Use the back of this handout to outline information for your specific paper. I.
Introduction The introduction should have some of the following elements, depending on the
type of paper: Start with an attention grabber: a short story, example, statistic, or historical
context that introduces the paper topic Give an overview of any issues involved with the
subject Define of any key terminology need to understand the topic Quote or paraphrase
sources revealing the controversial nature of the subject (argumentative papers only) Highlight
background information on the topic needed to understand the direction of the paper Write an
antithesis paragraph, presenting the primary opposing views (argumentative paper only) The
introduction must end with a THESIS statement (a 1 to 2 sentences in length): Tell what the
overall paper will focus on Briefly outline the main points in the paper II. Body Clearly present
the main points of the paper as listed in the thesis Give strong examples, details, and
explanations to support each main points If an argumentative paper, address any
counterarguments and refute those arguments If a research paper, use strong evidence from
sources—paraphrases, summaries, and quotations that support the main points III. Conclusion
Restate your thesis from the introduction in different words Briefly summarize each main point
found in the body of the paper (avoid going over 2 sentences for each point) Give a statement
of the consequences of not embracing the position (argumentative paper only) End with a
strong clincher statement: an appropriate, meaningful final sentence that ties the whole point
of the paper together (may refer back to the attention grabber) Additional Tips Decide on the
thesis and main points first You do not need to start writing your paper with the introduction
Try writing the thesis and body first; then go back and figure out how to best introduce the
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body and conclude the paper Use transitions between main points and between examples
within the main points Always keep your thesis in the forefront of your mind while writing;
everything in your paper must point back to the thesis Use the back of this handout to make an
outline of your paper
Paper Topic:____________________________________________________
Audience:__________ I. Introduction Possible ideas for the introduction (see front side of
handout for suggestions): _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________ Thesis Statement
(Usually the last sentence(s) in the
introduction):___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________ II. Body (A paper may have a few or many main points; decide how
many your paper will need)Main Point:
___________________________________________________________________
Examples/Details/Explanations: a.
______________________________________________________________________ b.
______________________________________________________________________ c.
______________________________________________________________________ Main
Point: ___________________________________________________________________
Examples/Details/Explanations: a.
______________________________________________________________________ b.
______________________________________________________________________ c.
______________________________________________________________________ Main
Point: ___________________________________________________________________
Examples/Details/Explanations: a.
______________________________________________________________________ b.
______________________________________________________________________ c.
______________________________________________________________________ Main
Point: ___________________________________________________________________
Examples/Details/Explanations: a.
______________________________________________________________________ b.
______________________________________________________________________ c.
______________________________________________________________________ III.
Conclusion Reworded Thesis (Usually found near the beginning of the conclusion):
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_________ Other Ideas to Conclude: ________________________________
________________________________ Clincher Ideas:
____________________________________________________