Applied

Mathematics, Surveying, Principles of Transportation and Highway Engineering, Construction Management and Methods
PROBABILITY (Refresher)

Permutation Comparison of Dependent and Independent Variables

1. Carla is going to arrange her 4 books on a shelf: Algebra, 12. When testing 1000 soldered joints, 4 failed during a
Trigonometry, Geometry, and Calculus. How many vibration test and 5 failed due to high resistance.
different possible arrangements can she make? Determine the probability of a joint failing due to
(Ans. 24) (a) vibration or high resistance, and (b) vibration and
high resistance.
2. In how many ways can King Arthur arrange 8 knights (Ans. (a) 9/1000, (b) 1/50000)
around a round table?
(Ans. 5040) Probability by Tree Diagram Method

3. A musical choir is composed of three sopranos, four altos, 13. At a particular company, 64% of the employees are forty
and five tenors, with no bass singers. If trios are to be years old or over. Of these employees, 83% are enrolled
formed from the group, each composing of one soprano, in the company’s retirement plan. Only 61% of the
one alto, and one tenor, how many unique trios may be employees under forty years old are enrolled in the plan.
formed from the group? Find the probability that a randomly selected employee
(Ans. 60) is enrolled in the company’s retirement plan.
(Ans. 0.7508)
Combination
Probability Equations
4. Fifteen boxes can each hold one object. In how many
ways can 10 identical objects can be placed in the boxes? 14. Samsung, a computer chip manufacturer, has found out
(Ans. 3003) that only 1 out of 2000 chips is defective. A certain
company ordered a shipment of chips. How many chips
5. From 6 lawyers, 5 engineers, and 4 accountants, a will the company order before the probability that at
committee is to be formed consisting of 4 lawyers, 3 least one chip is defective is 45%?
engineers, and 2 accountants. In how many ways can the (Ans. 1194)
committee be formed?
(Ans. 900) 15. One in 10,000 cars has a defect. How many of these cars
can a car dealer sell before the probability of selling at
6. Find the possible number of 5-card hands that contain least one with a defect is 20%?
four aces and one other card. (Ans. 2230)
(Ans. 48)
Expectations
Probability of an Event
16. The CITAA sells 100,000 tickets for a raffle and plans to
7. In a class of 35 students, 13 are seniors, 9 are juniors, 8 give a grand prize of P150,000. The proceeds of these
are sophomores, and 5 are freshmen. If one of the sales will be used for scholarship program of the
students is selected at random from this class, determine association. What is the mathematical expectation for
the probability that the student is (a) a junior, (b) a each ticket?
freshman, and (c) a sophomore. (Ans. P1.50)
(Ans. (a) 0.257, (b) 0.143, (c) 0.229)
17. By investing in a particular stock, a person can make a
8. The probability that an adult reads a newspaper profit per month of P4000 with a probability of 0.30 or
everyday is 0.68 and that adult is a male is 0.53. If these take a loss of P1000 with a probability of 0.7. What is the
two events are independent, determine the probability expected gain per month?
that a randomly selected adult is a female. (Ans. P500)
(Ans. 0.47)
Probability Distributions
9. A box contains 100 washers, 24 of which are brass, 36
copper, and the remainder, steel. One washer is taken at Discrete Random Variables
random, retained, and another washer is similarly
drawn. What is the probability that one is brass and the 18. The following indicates the probability distribution of
other one is steel? the number of breakdowns per month for a computer
(Ans. 0.1939) based on the past data:
Probability 0.18 0.21 0.31 0.40 0.52
10. A point is selected at random inside a circle. Find the Breakdowns/month 0 1 2 3 4
probability that the point is closer to the center of the Find the probability that the number of breakdowns for
circle than to its circumference. this computer is at most, 2.
(Ans. ¼) (Ans. 0.70)

Conditional Probability 19. The following table gives the probability distribution of
camcorders, sold on a given day at an electronics store in
11. The probability that a randomly selected student from a SM Megamall.
college and is a senior is 0.30, and the joint probability Camcorders sold 0 1 2 3 4
that the student is a computer science major and a senior Probability 0.73 0.16 0.06 0.04 0.01
is 0.04. Find the conditional probability that a student (a) Find the mean for this probability distribution.
selected at random is a computer science major given (b) Find the variance for this probability distribution.
that s/he is a senior. (c) Find the standard deviation for this probability
(Ans. 0.133) distribution.
(Ans. (a) 0.44, (b) 0.7264, (c) 0.852)

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Applied Mathematics, Surveying, Principles of Transportation and Highway Engineering, Construction Management and Methods
PROBABILITY (Refresher)

Binomial Probability Distribution

20. Calculate the probability of passing a 10-question true or
false quiz if the passing score is 7 and all answers for each
items are randomly guessed.
(Ans. 0.172)

21. What is the standard deviation of the normal distribution
that approximates a binomial distribution consisting of
119 trials with probability of 0.7 success?
(Ans. 5)

Normal Distribution

22. In a certain engineering school, approximately 9% of
people are left-handed. Considering the school has 1221
students and a normal distribution,
(a) What is the probability that at least 140 students are
left-handed?
(b) What is the probability that at most, 100 students
are left-handed?
(Ans. (a) 0.0013, (b) 0.161)

Poisson Distribution

23. The number of cars entering the tool plaza on a bridge
during the hour after midnight follows a Poisson
distribution with a mean of 20. What is the probability
that 17 cars will pass through the toll plaza during that
hour on any given night?
(Ans. 0.076)

Exponential Distribution

24. The time taken by terminal fee collector to collect
terminal fees from passengers entering NAIA is an
exponential distribution with a mean of 23 seconds.
What is the probability that a random passenger will be
processed in 25 seconds or more (that is, will take more
than 25 seconds)?
(Ans. 0.337)

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