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Data Link Layer - Ethernet LAN - ARP - Physical PDF

The document discusses Ethernet and local area networks (LANs). It describes the basic components of a LAN including computers, servers, network interface cards, cables, hubs, switches, routers, and protocols like Ethernet, IP, and ARP. It explains how Ethernet frames are structured and the process of communicating within a LAN, including MAC address formats. The document also covers extending LAN segments, collision and broadcast domains, the CSMA/CD protocol, and how ARP tables are used. It provides details on the packet delivery process between hosts and use of default gateways. Cabling methods for internetworks are also reviewed, along with comparing Ethernet media types and requirements.

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Nguyễn Phúc
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77 views

Data Link Layer - Ethernet LAN - ARP - Physical PDF

The document discusses Ethernet and local area networks (LANs). It describes the basic components of a LAN including computers, servers, network interface cards, cables, hubs, switches, routers, and protocols like Ethernet, IP, and ARP. It explains how Ethernet frames are structured and the process of communicating within a LAN, including MAC address formats. The document also covers extending LAN segments, collision and broadcast domains, the CSMA/CD protocol, and how ARP tables are used. It provides details on the packet delivery process between hosts and use of default gateways. Cabling methods for internetworks are also reviewed, along with comparing Ethernet media types and requirements.

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Phúc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding Ethernet

BSCI v3.0—2-1
Local Area Network
LAN Components
• Computers
– PCs
– Servers
• Interconnections
– NICs
– Media
• Network devices
– Hubs
– Switches
– Routers
• Protocols
– Ethernet
– IP
– ARP
– DHCP
LAN Sizes
LAN Standards
Ethernet Frame Structure
Communicating Within the LAN
MAC Address Components

OUI: Organizational Unique Identifier


MAC Addresses
LAN Segment Limitations

 Signals degrade with transmission distance.


 Each Ethernet type has a maximum segment length.
Extending LAN Segments

 Shares bandwidth
 Extends cable distances
 Repeats or amplifies signal
 Half-duplex
Collisions
Multiple Collision Domains
Collision & Broadcast Domains

• No. of Broadcast domains = No. of every active interface of


the Routers
• No. of Collision domains = No. of every active interface of
the Switches & Routers
CSMA/CD
ARP

Exploring the Packet Delivery Process

BSCI v3.0—2-16
ARP
ARP Table
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (1 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (2 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (3 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (4 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (5 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (6 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (7 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (8 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (9 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (10 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (11 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (12 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (13 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (14 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (15 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (16 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (17 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (18 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (19 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (20 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (21 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (22 of 22)
Default Gateway
Cabling in Internetwork

BSCI v3.0—2-42
Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements
Differentiating Between Connections
1000BASE-T GBIC
Cisco Fiber-Optic GBICs

• Short wavelength (1000BASE-SX)


• Long wavelength/long haul (1000BASE-LX/LH)
• Extended distance (1000BASE-ZX)
Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable

• Speed and throughput: 10 to 1000 Mb/s


• Average cost per node: Least expensive
• Media and connector size: Small
• Maximum cable length: Varies
RJ-45 Connector
RJ-45 Jack
UTP Implementation (Straight-Through)

Cable 10BASE-T/
100BASE-TX Straight-Through Straight-Through Cable

Pin Label Pin Label


1 TX+ 1 TX+
2 TX- 2 TX-
3 RX+ 3 RX+
4 NC 4 NC
5 NC 5 NC
6 RX- 6 RX- Wires on cable ends
7 NC 7 NC are in same order.
8 NC 8 NC
UTP Implementation (Crossover)

Cable 10BASE-T or
100BASE-TX Straight-Through Crossover Cable

EIA/TIA T568A EIA/TIA T568B

Pin Label Pin Label


1 TX+ 1 TX+
2 TX- 2 TX-
3 RX+ 3 RX+
4 NC 4 NC
5 NC 5 NC
6 RX- 6 RX-
7 NC 7 NC
Some wires on cable
8 NC 8 NC ends are crossed.
UTP Implementation: Straight-Through vs.
Crossover
Using Varieties of UTP
WAN—Multiple LANs
Physical Layer: WANs
Serial Point-to-Point Connections
Setting up a Console Connection

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