5.

When a subject links certain events, behaviors, or

Learning stimuli together in the process of conditioning.
Instruction
o associative learning
Choose the best answer from the choices. o shaping
o reinforcement
o implicit learning
1. The process of acquiring, through experience, new
6. As a result of this association, children are likely to
and relatively enduring information, or behaviors.
repeat their good manners if their parents reward
_______________ involves a relatively permanent
them with candy and will be less likely to repeat bad
influence or change on behavior that occurs through
manners if their parents scold them.
experience.
o Classical Conditioning
o behavior
o Learning
o stimulus
o Operant Conditioning
o conditioning
o Conditioned Response
o learning
7. The tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to
2. A century of research on learning suggests that the original conditioned to elicit a response that is
many of the principles generally initially in research similar to the conditioned response (Rescorla, 2006;
on ____________ also apply to humans (Domjan, Shaban et. al., 2006).
2006).
o empirical evidence o Acquisition
o theory o Generalization
o nonhuman animals o Discrimination
o behaviors o Extinction

3. This process of learning that takes place when a 8. You thought that you had totally forgotten about
person observes and imitates another's behavior is (extinguished) an old lover you once had, but then,
called ______________. suddenly, you are in a particular context and you get
a mental image of the person, accompanied by an
o mirror learning emotional reaction to him/her from the past.
o adaptation
o classical conditioning o Acquisition
o observational learning o Classical Conditioning
o Spontaneous Recovery
4. The baby's panic at the sight of the pink flower o Counterconditioning
illustrates the learning process of
_________________, in which a neutral stimulus 9. A principle developed by E. L. Thorndike (1898)
(the flower) becomes associated with a meaningful states that behaviors followed by positive outcomes
stimulus (the pain of a bee sting) and acquires the are strengthened, whereas behaviors followed by
capacity to elicit a similar response (fear). negative outcomes are weakened.

o Acquisition Conditioning o Instrumental Conditioning

o Operant Conditioning o Punishment
o Associative Conditioning o Incremental Theory
o Classical Conditioning o Law of Effect
10. If someone new to your town asks you where the 14. The tendency of animals to revert to instinctive
park is, you can tell that tourist how to get to the behavior that interferes with learning.
park. Why?
o Insight Learning
o The map of the park was given through o Instinctive Drift
telepathy. o Natural Selection
o By handing a piece of paper and giving o Survival of the Fittest
specific directions to the tourist.
o You already have knowledge of what the 15. An American behaviorist designed the famous
description of the park is. Operant Chamber, a confined space containing a
o Because we develop cognitive maps or lever or button that an animal can touch to get some
mental representations of our surroundings. kind of reward (typically food), along with a device
that keeps track of its responses.
11. ___________________ based on the idea that o B.F. Skinner
we can increase or decrease a certain behavior by o John B. Watson
adding a consequence. o Ivan Pavlov
o William James
o Classical Conditioning
o Operant Conditioning 16. You might get a reward the first time you put
o Social Learning Theory money in the slot machine after every 10-minute
o Principles of Punishment period has elapsed.

12. If you are playing slot machines in a casino and o fixed ratio schedule
you might get ₱250 back every 20th time you put o variable ratio schedule
money in the machine. You can say that the slot o fixed interval schedule
machines are on _________________. o variable interval schedule

o fixed ratio schedule 17. The slot machines might reward you after 10
o variable ratio schedule minutes, then after 2 minutes, then after 18 minutes,
o fixed interval schedule and so on.
o variable interval schedule
o fixed ratio schedule
13. Which of these is TRUE about classical o variable ratio schedule
conditioning? o fixed interval schedule
o variable interval schedule
o A process that increases or decreases the
likelihood of behavior by associating it with 18. They insist that psychologists should study only
consequence. observable, measurable behaviors, not mental
o A theory about dogs will salivate when processes.
given food.
o At the start of the conditioning procedure,
o Psychoanalysts
the conditioned stimulus will elicit a
o Cognitivism
conditioned response.
o Social Psychologists
o The longer the delay between the CS and the
o None of the above
UCS, the weaker the conditioning, it is
essential that they occur more often together
than they occur apart.
19. Köhler describes this as ________________, a o You get a perfect score on a test and your
form of problem-solving in which the organism mother stops criticizing your score which
develops a sudden insight into or understanding of a made you increasingly study to get a perfect
problem's solution. score.
o You clean your bicycle, and it gets faster.
o Observational Learning You clean your bicycle the next time you go
o Insight Learning cycling.
o Entity Theory
o Methodological Behavior 24. A classical conditioning procedure for weakening
a conditioned response by associating the fear-
20. Classical conditioning usually works best if which provoking stimulus with a new response that is
of the following occurs? incompatible with fear.

o CS is presented just after the UCS. o Law of Effect

o The CS is presented many hours after the o Counterconditioning
UCS. o Positive Punishment
o The CS is presented just before the UCS. o Negative Punishment
o All are equally effective.

21. Jason defined intelligence as fixed. He believed 25. The child fears all dentist’s offices and similar
that when it comes to academic ability, either you places, including doctors' offices and adults in them
have it, or you do not. For him, having to work hard who wear white medical clothing, as well as the
to achieve academic goals is a sign that you are just smells and sounds there.
not gifted. Carol Dweck (2006) calls this belief about
intelligence a/an _____________. o Acquisition
o Generalization
o entity theory o Discrimination
o unlucky theory o Extinction
o determined outcome theory
o incremental theory 26. The child subsequently goes to the dentist on
several occasions and does not have a painful
22. Douglas defined intelligence as something that a experience, so the child's fear of dentists' offices
person could increase and improve upon. For him, an goes away, at least for a while, until the child has
effort was just a sign of learning what you need to another painful experience with a cavity being filled.
know. Carol Dweck (2006) calls this belief about o Acquisition
intelligence a/an _____________. o Generalization
o Discrimination
o entity theory o Extinction
o unlucky theory
o determined outcome theory 27. The child goes with his/her mother to the
o incremental theory doctor's office and learns that it is not associated
with the pain of an unconditioned stimulus.
23. Which of the following is an example of negative
reinforcement? o Acquisition
o Generalization
o You turn in your homework on time and o Discrimination
your teacher praises your performance o Extinction
which leads you to increasingly turn in
homework on time. 28. The child learns to fear (Conditioned Response)
o You randomly pressed a button on the going to the dentist's office by associating the visit
dashboard of a friend's car and an annoying with the unlearned emotional response
song did not shut off. (Unconditioned Response) to the pain of having a
tooth cavity filled (Unconditioned Stimulus).
 o Acquisition o Conditioned response
o Generalization 34. This suggests that a stimulus must be salient and
o Discrimination reliable in order for an association to be learned.
o Extinction
o Insight learning
29. A stimulus that produces a response without o Law of effect
prior learning. o Premack Principle
o Rescorla-Wagner model
o unconditioned stimulus
o unconditioned response 35. Aurea received a candy after raising her hand and
o conditioned stimulus answering a question. On subsequent questions,
o conditioned response many other students quickly raised their hands,
showing:
30. Using treat rewards, Christopher taught his dog o Higher-order conditioning
to lie down when he claps his hands. Now o Shaping
Christopher’s dog also lies down when he hears a car o Positive reinforcement
door close. This is an example of: o Vicarious reinforcement

o Vicarious reinforcement 36. Reynaldo attempted to teach a chicken to turn on

o Stimulus generalization a jukebox by pecking and then dance, but instead, it
o Second-order conditioning would only engage in repeated scratching and
o Superstitious behavior pecking behaviors, demonstrating:
o Insight learning
31. During a trivia game, Renalyn was surprised she o Spontaneous recovery
remembered all the words to a popular commercial o Aversive conditioning
jingle even though she had never made an effort to o Instinctive drift
remember it. This is an example of:
37. Putting on a strap reduces the annoying noise
o Latent learning Rachel’s backpack makes when she walks. As a
o Abstract Learning result, she frequently pulls and readjusts this strap.
o Premack Principle Her behavior has been influenced by:
o Biological preparedness o Positive reinforcement
o Positive punishment
32. Near each shift’s end, the boss walks by the work o Negative punishment
area and praises those who look productive. At first, o Negative reinforcement
staff increased their rate of work when they saw him,
but now they increase their rate of work as the end 38. His research on latent learning and cognitive
of the shift nears, even if he hasn’t appeared yet. The maps revealed some limitations of simple stimulus-
workers have adapted to a ____________ schedule response behaviorist models:
of reinforcement. o Edward Tolman
o John B. Watson
o Fixed interval o B. F. Skinner
o Variable ratio o Ivan Pavlov
o Fixed ratio
o Variable interval 39. After watching many Marvel movies, Abigail now
lands in a superhero pose each time she jumps off
33. Brandon conditioned his sister to squirm at the the monkey bars at the playground, demonstrating:
sound of the word “pancake” by repeatedly tickling o Unconditioned response
her after saying it. “Pancake” is now a: o Instrumental learning
o Unconditioned stimulus o Biological preparedness
o Unconditioned response o Observational learning
o Conditioned stimulus