Green Manufacturing Techniques: Scope and Application in

Manufacturing Industries

Capstone Project – II Report submitted in partial fulfillment for the

award of the degree of

B. Tech (Mechanical Engineering)

Submitted by

MD KAMRAN
(19021012052)

SHAHZEB ANWAR
(20141011235)

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Under the Supervision of

PROF. Pramod Kumar
SESSION – 2019 – 2023

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “Green Manufacturing Techniques: Scope and
Application in Manufacturing Industries” is the Bonafide work of “MD KAMRAN
(19021012052) and SHAHZEB ANWAR (20141011235)” who carried out the project
work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis/dissertation/project report entitled titled Green Manufacturing Techniques:

Scope and Application in Manufacturing Industries is approved for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering.

Examiners

Supervisor

Dean

Date:

Place:
 Statement of Project Report Preparation

1. Project report titled: “Green Manufacturing Techniques: Scope and

Application in Manufacturing Industries”.

2. Degree for which the report is submitted: BACHELOR DEGREE OF

TECHNOLOGY.

3. Project Supervisor was referred to for preparing the report.

4. Specifications regarding thesis format have been closely followed.

5. The contents of the thesis have been organized based on the guidelines.

6. The report has been prepared without resorting to plagiarism.

7. All sources used have been cited appropriately.

8. The report has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree.

(Signature of the student)

Name: (MD KAMRAN) Roll No: (19021012052)

 Statement of Project Report Preparation

1. Project report titled: “Green Manufacturing Techniques: Scope and

Application in Manufacturing Industries”.

2. Degree for which the report is submitted: BACHELOR DEGREE OF

TECHNOLOGY.

3. Project Supervisor was referred to for preparing the report.

4. Specifications regarding thesis format have been closely followed.

5. The contents of the thesis have been organized based on the guidelines.

6. The report has been prepared without resorting to plagiarism.

7. All sources used have been cited appropriately.

8. The report has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree.

(Signature of the student)

Name: (SHAHZEB ANWAR) Roll No: (20141011235)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere
thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to Dr. Sudhir Kumar Singh (DEAN S.O.M.E., G.U.), PROF.
Pramod Kumar (S.O.M.E., G.U.) & PROF. Faisal shameem (S.O.M.E., G.U.) for their
guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding
the project &also for their support in completing the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards member of GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY for

their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who
have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

MD KAMRAN (19021012052)

SHAHZEB ANWAR (20141011235)

(Mechanical engineering)
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter No. Title Page No.

Certificate 2

Approval sheet 3

Student declaration (Student 1) 4

Student declaration (Student 2) 5

Acknowledgement 6

Table of content 7-8

List of abbreviation 9

Abstract 10

1. Introduction 11

1.1 Description 12

1.2 Industries' Waste 12

2. Hypotheses 13

2.1. Stability and development and green manufacturing 13

2.2. Introducing eco-friendly techniques into operations 13

3. Zero Emissions 14

4. Various types 14
5. Advanced green manufacturing techniques 15

6. Sustainable Environmental Impact 16

7. Green Applications 16

8. Future scope and Aim of green manufacturing 16

9. Conclusion 17

10. References 18-19

 List of abbreviations

1. GM --- Green manufacturing

2. WIP --- Work-in-progress

3. CNG --- Compressed natural gas

4. E-Waste --- Electronic Waste

 Green Manufacturing Techniques: Scope and Application in
Manufacturing Industries

Md Kamran, Shahzeb Anwar, Pramod Kumar*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Galgotias University, Uttar Pardesh, India.

*Corresponding Author:
[email protected],[email protected]

Abstract
Nearly all manufacturing enterprises compete to make money in today's competitive market
at the expense of polluting and harming the environment. To increase an organization's profit,
manufacturing businesses are concerned with finding the most effective method for
converting raw materials and labour into goods and services. A manufacturing process known
as "green manufacturing" reduces waste and pollution. Additionally, it was found that
considerable energy is lost in a variety of ways. GM (Green manufacturing) is one potential
solution to these issues. All industries with less pollutants and trash , stimulate financial
development, and save assets could use green manufacturing techniques. Environmental
responsibility is the current project's main goal through the application of numerous methods
that influence the decrease of trash and ecological damage .

Keywords: Green Manufacturing, Methods for Green Manufacturing, Environmental

responsibility, manufacturing trash, ecological damage.
1. Introduction
A most important varied ecological conditions is global warming. Entirely predicated on a
latest scientific study, human activities carried out for survival are the primary cause of
global warming. All types of industries, including the cement and manufacturing sectors,
engaged in this activity. Because of industrialization, developed nations release more carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere, resulting in global warming.
Green manufacturing is one of the ways to combat climate change. The goal of green
manufacturing is to decrease the production of hazardous compounds during in the design
and manufacturing stages in order to reduce pollution and energy consumption. The goal of
green manufacturing would be to detect,measure, evaluate, and control the flow of waste
disposal in a way to decrease ecological footprint and maximise continuous improvement.
Going green is an approach that incorporates product and process design challenges that have
an effect on production strategy and oversight.
The new manufacturing system known as "green manufacturing" uses a variety of green
practises, strategies, and techniques, together with the Lean Manufacturing system, to make
the system more environmentally friendly and efficient. These techniques include developing
goods and systems that use less energy and material, switching out toxic materials for non-
toxic ones, decreasing undesirable outputs, and turning outputs into inputs (recycling).
Additionally, the advancement of green technology and the development of eco-friendly
products are assisting in the practical implementation of the goals of green manufacturing.
Although the research and industry community are becoming more and more concerned in
green manufacturing.
The main focus of the current study is on green manufacturing, which can be accomplished
using a variety of tools and techniques that can be applied to both the manufacturing and
service sectors of the economy in order to reduce waste and pollution and, as a result, save
energy. The resource is used up in waste when the product is produced without any additional
benefit. It will artificially raise the price of production while depleting resources like energy
and raw materials, which are crucial to eco-friendly production.
1.1 Description
Green Manufacturing
In contrast to regulations or processes, green production is a concept. Using this production
process, pollutants and waste are reduced through design of products and processes.
Sustainability is primary objective of greener manufacture . For the benefit of future
generations, every manufacturing sector should practise resource conservation. They should
be aware of the limits of their responsibilities as well as the permitted level of hazardous
emissions into the surroundings. Gaining the trustworthiness through green innovation,
reduces wasteful spending, encourages innovation. The method of green manufacturing
entails spending on bettering the instead of regulatory systems, the productive capacity ,
switching to inexhaustible in place of limited sources, personnel composting, and deciding
whether to create or purchase the product.
1.2. Industries' Waste
Anything that detracts from the final result is considered waste. In Lean Manufacturing, the
different wastes that are frequently encountered in businesses are categorised into Eight
different groups. If such wastage is cut down utilising suitable lean production methodology
and gear , industrial pollution could be managed.
There are eight types of waste in lean manufacturing that you should keep an eye on:
• Overproduction - Do you produce more than what the market will bear?
• Lag time - How long is it between each stage of production?
• Work-in-progress (WIP) inventory - Are your supplies for both finished goods and
collaborate out of control?
• Transportation - What methods are used to move items?
• Over-processing - Are you ineffective at work or excessively frequently on the same
product?
• Movement - How successfully do individuals and tools transition across processes?
• Defects – What more effort would devote to identifying and correcting operational errors?
Do you utilise your workforce effectively?
2.Hypotheses
2.1. Stability and development and green manufacturing
Organizations in the manufacturing sector can meet these problems by concentrating on the
following three areas:
• Alternative energy sources
Cleaner energy is referred to as "green energy" and is produced and used. It is also the initial
and simplest simple action, given how energy-dependent area is. The usage of sustainable
energy sources, such as CNG, windy, solar, and dung as well as increased operational energy
efficiency are all included in the concept of "green energy."
• Green products
The production of greener products is the second stage of this transition. Sustainability-
related terms like "low carbon," "recycled," "footprint," "organic," and "natural" are
becoming more and more common. There are available green goods. The cost of developing
green products is typically higher. The production and effective advertising of consumer-
oriented green products, while on the other hand Companies can expand their businesses by
gaining more volumes and higher prices.
2.2. Introducing eco-friendly techniques into operations
The third component is putting Green practises into effect in operations.
This calls for optimum utilisation of vital components, among them lowering waste creation
via lean production , reducing co2 footprint, and saving water. Green practises reduce costs
while improving operational efficiency. In summary, more companies are integrating green
initiatives into their daily business practises. These initiatives are motivated by five factors:
• Growing regulatory demands from decision-makers
• Implementing new, more strict emissions and waste management regulations
• Developing technology that creates exciting new business prospects
• Increasing customer demand for green products as a result of rising energy and input
costs.
• To increase regulatory burdens as a result of new, stronger environmental and waste
management regulations introduced by authorities
3. Zero Emissions
A focus of Zero Emission is on creating technologies and procedures that maximise resource
productivity and produce almost little waste. Concepts for zero emissions can help with the
development of more efficient technologies, new manufacturing methods, and the
preservation and reuse of natural assets (waste into energy).
Many tactics, include commercial ecosystem, emission reduction, technological advance,
metabolic end synthesis, eco - efficiency, and green innovation, can help achieve this
objective. All of the existing techniques focus on getting rid of trash or turning them into
useful resources while minimising risks to the environment and human health. From an
objective standpoint, eliminating waste is the best way to address pollution issues that pose a
threat to ecosystems at the global, national, and local levels.

4. Various types
• Cutting back on pollution emissions.
• Using environmentally favourable substances.If the products are made with lead-free
solders and are not subject to any intentional Pb addition, they are regarded to be lead-free
products.
• Eco-friendly and easily disposed of materials should be utilised for packaging finished
goods.
• Using materials that biodegrade.
• End-of-life care: component recycling and equipment collection
5. Advanced green manufacturing techniques
The following are some of the several green manufacturing techniques:
1. Modifications to production procedures:- The following categories encompass several
significant improvements to the industrial process.
(1) Reducing dependence on help from people.
(2) Using a continuing procedure as opposed to a batch one.
(3) Modifying the structure of the production process's steps.
(4) Removing steps from the manufacturing process, and
(5) modifying the cleaning procedure.
2. Modifications to the production process' inputs:- Input changes are a crucial instrument in
green production. It may be worthwhile to change both significant and minor product inputs
and ingradients that help with output or is left out of the finished version . The usage of paints
in the manufacture of cars and aviation serves as an illustration of how altering a modest
input in production can significantly lessen its environmental impact. The release of
hazardous substances has been significantly reduced by the development of greater, dust
pigments.
3. Internal re-use:- There are many opportunities but for regeneration of minerals, certain
gases, water, and energies. The possibility of inner repurposing is frequently significant.
Internal energy and water reuse will be made easier by a crossflow process of cleaning,
warming, and freezing. It is typically more cost-effective to replace single pass systems with
closed loop process water recycling since it has the capacity to recycle both water and
chemicals.
4. Improved housekeeping:- A facility's general good working and environmental order is
maintained through basic, routine, non-resource intensive measures known as good
housekeeping. It involves grouping wastes, Reduce chemical and waste inventories, install
overflow warnings and automatic shut valves, stop leakage and droplets, install containment
gadgets where spills may occur, conduct regular checks to identify environmental problems
and potential production process flaws, improve control of operational conditions, regularly
tune machinery, and optimise inspection.
6. Sustainable Environmental Impact
This is a reducing approach to environmental management. The goal of the green operation is
to make sure that the inputs that are provided for processing into electronic components and
products, such as finished goods, carbon emissions, and waste, are of a high standard and in
compliance. A balance between the environment, financial performance, and pollution
reduction is created by the green operation, which focuses the product and process.

7. Green Applications
The fuel utilised every day to ensure the smooth operation of numerous activities is currently
the world's top concern. For non-renewable resources that will eventually run out, the fuel is
removed. The sole reliance is on RE (renewable energy), which can be produced through eco-
friendly items like biodiesel, solar, wind, and tidal energy. Therefore, the utilisation of
renewable energy can act as a catalyst for achieving environmental sustainability. Obtaining
pure water for drinking is the other major problem that faces humans. Solar purification
systems can be used to purify water during the purification process. The next issue is to lower
carbon emissions by growing plants both indoors and outside to produce clean air. Sewage
treatment is a concept comparable to water purification. For the management of solid waste
in cities, the government has also introduced a number of policies. Cleansing, reuse,
recycling, and treatment of solid wastes are made possible with the help of solid waste
management. To protect non-renewable assets for generations to come, less of them can be
used.

8. Future scope and Aim of green manufacturing

In the future, any industry adapting to new green technology will employ Green
Manufacturing Technologies' zero emission strategy as a development tool. Therefore,
environmentally friendly manufacturing helps to lessen the influence that industry has on the
environment as well as the amount of garbage that it produces. Green manufacturing will be
crucial to the economy and the environment in the future.
E-waste is one of the main problems in the current situation, thus green technology is used to
lessen the negative effects of human interaction. The use of green technology combines
ecological understanding with green chemistry and the development of a framework for
monitoring and conserving natural resources. The terminology "green manufacturing" is
frequently used to describe renewable energy generation technology, such as solar cells, wind
turbines, and bioremediation. In order to achieve the goal of green manufacturing and create a
sustainable environment, a variety of tools are used.

9. Conclusion
The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge of green manufacturing and the elements
that contribute to waste reduction and environmental impact reduction. Given the current
state of the manufacturing industry, new manufacturing systems, such as green
manufacturing, which improves production efficiency through waste reduction, re-use,
recycling, and remanufacturing, have been developed to help manufacturing companies
remain stable in a competitive market. The best way to combat environmental issues that
harm ecosystems on a global scale is to eliminate trash. Green manufacturing has the ability
to address environmental and production concerns. Reducing costs is one of the advantages
of green manufacturing because waste may already have been reduced during the first stage,
meaning that the business might avoid having to pay for garbage. removal in the end. (Zero
Emission Strategy.)
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