•Forecasting

•Objectives
•Schedules
•Budget
•Policies/proc
edures
PLANNING ORGANIZING

CONTROLLING DIRECTING

Gerald T. Evangelista, RN, MAN

 PLANNING

• Planning as making a plan of action to

provide for foreseeable future (Fayol)

• Planning - having specific aim or purpose

and mapping out a program or method
beforehand for accomplishment of the goal
(Douglas)
 PLANNING

• Planning -deciding in advance what to do,

how to do it, when to do it and who to do it.
(Alexander, 2019)
 PLANNING

• Planning - a process beginning with

objectives, defining, strategies, policies
and detailed plans to achieve them;
achieving an organization to implement
decisions; and including a review of
performance and feedback to introduce a
new planning cycle (Steiner)
 Planning by Steiner
objective defining

Detailed
strategies
plan

policies
 IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
1. Planning leads to the achievement of
goals and objectives

2. Planning gives meaning to work

3. Planning provides for effective use of

available resources and facilities
 IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
4. Planning helps in coping with crises

5. Planning is cost effective

6. Planning is based on past and future

activities
 IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
7. Planning leads to the realization of the
need for change

8. Planning is necessary for effective control

 MAJOR ASPECT OF PLANNING
1. Planning should contribute to objectives
2. Planning precedes all other processes of
management
3. Planning pervades all levels
4. Planning should be efficient
4 Planning Modes in Health Care( Marquis )
Reactive planning
• occurs after a problem exists
• dissatisfaction with the current situation
planning - directed at returning the
organization to previous, more comfortable state
 done in response to a crisis, this type of planning
can lead to hasty decisions and mistakes
 4 Planning Modes in Health Care ( Marquis)

Inactivism
• type of conventional planning
• seek the status quo
• Energy preventing change & maintain
conformity
• Changes occur slowly & incrementally
4 Planning Modes in Health Care ( Marquis)
Pre-activism
* utilize technology to accelerate change &
future oriented
• unsatisfied with the past or present
• do not value experience & believe that
future is always preferable to the present
4 Planning Modes in Health Care ( Marquis)
Interactive or Pro-active planning
• consider the past, present, and future
• attempt to plan the future of organization rather than
react to it
 Organizational setting changes often- adaptability is
key requirement
 Promote growth within organization –all managers
 CHARACTERISTIC OF A GOOD PLAN

• Have clearly worded objectives, including

desired results and methods for evaluation

• Be guided by policies and/or procedures

affecting the planned action

• Indicate priorities
 CHARACTERISTIC OF A GOOD PLAN

• Develop actions that are flexible and

realistic in terms of available personnel,
equipment, facilities and time

• Develop logical sequence of activities

• Include the most practical methods for

achieving each objective
 TYPES OF PLANNING
1. Strategic or long-range planning

2. Operational or short-range planning

STRATEGIC PLANNING or LONG-RANGE
PLANNING

• It refers to determining the long term

objectives of the institution and the policies
that will be used to achieve these
objectives.
STRATEGIC PLANNING or LONG-RANGE
PLANNING
Purposes of Strategic Planning

• To clarify the beliefs and values of the

organization
• To give direction to the organization
• To weed out poor or unused programs
• To eliminate duplication of efforts
STRATEGIC PLANNING or LONG-RANGE
PLANNING
Purposes of Strategic Planning

• To concentrate resources on important

services
• To improve communication and
coordination of activities
• To allow adaptation to the changing
environment
• To ensure goal achievement
 OPERATIONAL PLANNING or SHORT-
RANGE PLANNING

• It deals with day-to-day maintenance

activities
• It is done in conjunction with the
preparation of the budget
• Planning may also be related to the
improvement and maintenance of facilities
 OPERATIONAL PLANNING or SHORT-
RANGE PLANNING

• Nurse managers are most likely to be

involved in this type of planning. It gives
individual managers freedom to
accomplish their own objectives as well as
those of the institution
ELEMENTS OF PLANNING FORECASTING

VISION, MISSION,
PHILOSOPHY, GOALS,
OBJECTIVES

DEVELOPING AND
SCHEDULING PROGRAMS

BUDGETTING

NURSING STANDARD,
POLICIES, PROCEDURES,

SCHEDULING
 FORECASTING

• It estimates the future, including the

environment in which the plan will operate.
It includes who the patients are and the
resources.
 SETTING THE VISION, MISSION,
PHILOSOPHY, GOALS and OBJECTIVES

A Vision statement outlines the

organization’s future role and function

A Mission statement outlines the purpose of

the agency
 SETTING THE VISION, MISSION,
PHILOSOPHY, GOALS and OBJECTIVES

• A Philosophy describes vision. In

organization, the philosophy is the sense
of purpose of the organization and the
reason behind its structure and goals
 SETTING THE VISION, MISSION,
PHILOSOPHY, GOALS and OBJECTIVES

• Goals and Objectives, they are action

commitments through which its mission
and purpose will be achieved and the
philosophy or belief sustained.
 DEVELOPING and SCHEDULING
PROGRAMS

• Programs are determined, developed and

targeted within a time frame to reach the
goals and objective set. A planning
formula was developed which maybe used
as follows: The 5W’s and 1H of Planning
 DEVELOPING and SCHEDULING
PROGRAMS

• Planning Formula
• What
• When
• Where
• Who
• Why
• How
 PREPARING THE BUDGET

• It is an allocation of scarce resources on

the basis of forecasted needs for proposed
activities over a specified period of time.
 PREPARING THE BUDGET
Purpose of Budgeting
1. To ensure the most effective use of
scarce financial and non-financial
resources
2. To coordinate efforts among
organizational departments
3. To establish a frame of reference for
managerial decisions
4. To provide a criterion for evaluating
managerial performance
 PREPARING THE BUDGET

Types of Budget
1. Manpower Budget
2. Capital Expenditure Budget
3. Operating Budget
 PREPARING THE BUDGET
Process of Budgeting
Phase I – Planning
Phase II – Preparation
Phase III – Modification and approval
Phase IV - Monitoring
 PREPARING THE BUDGET
Phase I – Planning
1. Set short and long term goals
2. Form a budget committee
3. Prioritize objectives
4. Analyze past performance
5. Predict future cost and revenues
6. Develop budget guidelines
 PREPARING THE BUDGET
Phase II – Preparation
1. Translate objectives into
projected cost and revenues
2. Write justification for all
requested expenses
3. Eliminate lowest priority
objectives as necessary
4. Present proposed budget
 PREPARING THE BUDGET
Phase III – Modification and Approval
1. Prepare preliminary master budget from all
department requests
2. Compare projected cost with estimated
revenues
3. Eliminate lowest priority items until budget is
balanced
4. Approve final master budget
5. Communicate final budget to all departments
 PREPARING THE BUDGET
Phase IV – Monitoring
1. Prepare monthly summaries of departmental
expenses and revenues
2. Compare actual expenses with budgeted
expenses
3. Investigate any variance above 5%
4. Readjust budget and/or improve
performance as necessary
5. Continue to monitor on monthly basis
 Factors in Budget Planning

• The size of hospital and its bed

occupancy
• The physical layout of the hospital
• Personal policies
• The grouping of patients
 Factors in Budget Planning
Types of patient
• Standards of nursing care-SOPs
• Methods of performing nursing care
• Methods of documentation
• Proportion of nursing care
• Supervision available
 Factors in Budget Planning

• Efficiency of job description and job

classification
• Method of patient assignment
• Amount and kind of labor-saving
devices and equipment
 Factors in Budget Planning
• Amount of centralized service
provided
• Nursing service requirement of the
ancillary departments
• Reports required by the
administration
• Affiliation of trainees/students
 ESTABLISHING NURSING STANDARD,
POLICIES and PROCEDURES
Nursing Standards

• The function of established standards in

an evaluation process is to supply
professionally desirable norms against
which the department’s performance can
be measured
 ESTABLISHING NURSING STANDARD,
POLICIES and PROCEDURES
Nursing Policies

• Policies are broad guidelines for the

managerial decisions that are necessary in
organizational and departmental planning.
They govern the action of workers and
supervisors at all level and are intended to
achieve pre-determined goals.
 ESTABLISHING NURSING STANDARD,
POLICIES and PROCEDURES

• Characteristics of Good Policies

– Policies should be written, must be
known and understood by those who will
be affected by them
 ESTABLISHING NURSING STANDARD,
POLICIES and PROCEDURES

• Characteristics of Good Policies

– Policies should be comprehensive in
scope, stable, flexible, so that they can
be applied to different condition that are
not so diverse that they require different
set of policies
 ESTABLISHING NURSING STANDARD,
POLICIES and PROCEDURES

• Characteristics of Good Policies

– Policies should be consistent to prevent
uncertainty, feelings of bias, preferential
treatment and unfairness
 ESTABLISHING NURSING STANDARD,
POLICIES and PROCEDURES

• Characteristics of Good Policies

– Policies should be realistic and must
prescribe limits
– Policies should allow for discretion and
interpretations by those responsible for
it.
 ESTABLISHING NURSING STANDARD,
POLICIES and PROCEDURES
Nursing Procedures

• Procedures are specified directions for

implementing written policies.
 SCHEDULING
• The function of determining how soon an
operation should begin and of establishing
time sequences top meet due dates. It will
provide an answer to the following
questions:
• “How soon an operation will begin and
end?”
• “When will a task or a mission be
accomplished?”