10 Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

TLE-Information and Communication Technology

Technical Drafting
First Quarter-Module 2
Kinds of Foundation and Details

Writer: Milvin A.Manalabe

Milvin A.Manalabe /
Illustrator:
Ar-jay B. Relox
Cover Illustrator: Christopher E. Mercado

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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you develop
knowledge, skills, and attitudes in the performance of Drafting tasks. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using..

The module has one lesson, named:

● Lesson 2 – Kinds of Foundation and Details
a. Types of Foundation
b. Foundation Members
c. Kinds of Footings

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. draft foundation plan.
2. draft flooring plan both wooden and concrete

Multiple Choices:
Directions: Answer the following question by choosing the word of your choice. Write it
on your quiz notebook. Write the word “ What I know” L2 on top before your answer.

1. What is the structural term for post?

a. Footing b. column
2. What kind of footing are commonly used in an exterior wall?
a. Wall footing b. column footing
3. What kind of foundation is commonly used on the floor where it can be poured
directly into the ground?
a. T-foundation b. slab foundation
4. What is the most important part of a building?
a. Wall b. foundation
5. What is the best size of deformed bar suitable for columns of a residential
house?
a. 12mm Ø b. 16mm Ø

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 Lesson
Kinds of Foundation and
2 Details

Foundations are important components in the construction of a building. It is a

foundation that carries the load of a building.

There are different kinds of foundations that may give you an idea where and
when it will be used.

Types of foundations
1. Spread Foundation- includes all types where the load is distributed into the
soil.
2. Pier foundation- is one where the load is distributed into the soil by slender
vertical members of timber, concrete or steel called piles where concrete piers
are carried down through the soil of inadequate bearing power until a
satisfactory foundation bed is reached.
3. Slab Foundation- is a soil slab of concrete poured directly into the ground
with footings placed where extra support is needed.
4. T- Foundation- consist of a footing upon which is placed a concrete wall or a
concrete block wall forming an inverted T and foundation is popular in
structures with a basement.
5. Matt foundation-assembles a mat in that the foundation is spread over the
entire area of the building floor.
Foundation Members
The structural members of the foundation vary according to the design and size
of the foundation.

1. Footing- distributes the weight of the building over a large area. Concrete is
commonly used for footings because it can be poured to maintain a firm
contact with the supporting soil.
2. Foundation walls- the function of the foundation wall is to support the load
of a building above the ground line and to transmit the weight of the house to
the footing.
3. Piers and Column- are vertical members usually made of concrete, brick and
steel or wood. They are used to support the floor system and can be used as
a sole support of the structure.

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 Notes to the Teacher

Before you proceed to drawing of structural standard, learners must be oriented

on foundation matters so that they knew what they intended to plan.

Activity 1
Directions: Answer the three questions in your quiz notebook. (Write the title
“What’s New” on top of the answer)
1. Do you have any idea about foundation? If YES, say something?
2. As a draftsman, what do you think is the role of foundation planning?
3. Do you think that you must have a better understanding of what you had
drawn? Why? Explain your answer.

Technical Terms
Reinforced Concrete is a concrete in which steel bars or webbing has been embedded
for strength.

Span is the distance between structural supports.

Framing is the wood skeleton of a building constructed one level on top of another.

Pilaster is a decorative column attached to a wall.

LEGEND or structural abbreviation

WF- wall footing HOR- horizontal

CHB- concrete hollow block CONT- continuous

MM-millimeter LAT- lateral

OC-on center Ø- diameter

VERT-vertical FLR-floor

FIN- finish LN- line

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Kinds of Footings
1. Wall Footing- is a footing which supports a wall by extending along the
entire length of the wall.
2. Isolated footing- is one which supports a single column, post, pier, or other
concentrated load.
3. Combined Footing- is one which supports two column loads or sometimes
three column loads not in a row.
4. Cantilever footing- is one which supports two column load and consists of
two footings connected together by a beam often called a strap.
5. Continuous footing- is one which supports a row of three or more columns
6. Raft or matt Footing- is one that extends under the entire building area
and supports all the wall and column loads from the building.

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 Figure 1: Kinds of foundation

Figure 2: Laying out the stake and batter board

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 Wall footing detail Detailed section of a wall footing

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 DETAIL OF COLUMN FOOTING

What’s More

Identification and enumeration

Directions: Read each item carefully. Identify the technical term that is described by
the sentence. Write the answers on your Quiz Notebook. (Write the title “What’s More”
(L2) on top of the answer)

______________1. A footing which supports a wall.

______________2. The part of the building below the surface of the ground.
______________3. A footing which supports a single column.
______________4. A kind of foundation wherein concrete is poured directly to the ground
with footings placed where extra support is needed.
______________5. A wall that supports or carries a load.

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 B. Directions: Enumerate the following and write your answer on your quiz
notebook.

1. What are the two types of walls?

2. Enumerate the (7) seven classes of footings according to load.
3. What are the (5) five types of foundation.

ESSAY TYPE

Directions: Answer the following questions on your quiz notebook. (5 points each)
Write the title “What I had learned”(L2) on top of the answer)

1. How important is dimensioning plays a critical role in establishing

foundation? See figure 2
2. As a draftsman, why do we need to have a basic knowledge on laying out of
a foundation?

What I Can Do

Directions: For you to help the civil worker or carpenter, draw a detail of wall footing
at any scale you want (copy the illustration detail of wall footing) so that they can easily
understand how they will construct it. Draw it in one oslo paper. pictorial. Write your
name and date below right of your Oslo paper and insert it on your portfolio.

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MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the answer on

your Quiz Notebook. Letter only (Write the title “Assessment” (l2) on top of the
answer)

_____1. Ø a. wall footing

_____2. WF . b. floor
_____3. FLR c. concrete hollow block
_____4. CHB d. on center
_____5. OC e. diameter

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Directions: On a piece of oslo paper draw the DETAIL OF COLUMN FOOTING. See
figure detail of column footing. Write your name, activity number and date below right
of your oslo paper and insert it on your portfolio.

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What I Know What's More Assessment
Answer may vary E
all footing A
B
ooting C
D
solated footing
lab foundation
xterior wall
Outer wall, inner wall
Wall footing, Isolated
footing, combined footing,
cantilever footing,
continuous footing, raft or
matt footing, trapezoidal
footing
Spread foundation, Pier
foundation, Slab foundation,
Matt foundation
Books

Donald Hepler, Paul Wallach. Architecture drafting and design, Mcgraw hill Book Co.
G.M. Manaois, Simplified Technical Drawing, PCAT
Fajardo, Max B. Jr, Building Construction, 5138 merchandising, 1984
Werdhass, Ernest, Architecture drafting and design, Ailyn and Bacon, 1984
Harold Sleeper, Building planning and Design Standards, John Wiley and Sons,

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 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Milvin A. Manalabe (FHS)

Editors:
Rian M. Lingat (Dept. Head - SSSNHS)
Uriel B. Teodoro (School Head, SNNHS)

Internal Reviewer: Joseph T. Santos (EPS- EPP/TLE)

External Reviewers: PNU Validators
Illustrator/Layout Artist: Ar-jay B. Relox (FHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Joseph T. Santos
EPS-TLE

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989