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PPP 5

This document summarizes the design of a kettle type reboiler for a stripper column. It involves 8 steps: 1) determining physical properties of bottoms and vapors, 2) properties of steam, 3) heat load and transfer coefficient calculations, 4) mean temperature difference calculation, 5) boiling heat transfer coefficient, 6) overall heat transfer coefficient, 7) maximum allowable heat flux, 8) reboiler layout including tube bundle diameter and liquid level height. The key design aspects are 350 U-tubes of 30mm diameter and 4.8m length within a shell of diameter 1140.9mm.

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Smit patel
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103 views

PPP 5

This document summarizes the design of a kettle type reboiler for a stripper column. It involves 8 steps: 1) determining physical properties of bottoms and vapors, 2) properties of steam, 3) heat load and transfer coefficient calculations, 4) mean temperature difference calculation, 5) boiling heat transfer coefficient, 6) overall heat transfer coefficient, 7) maximum allowable heat flux, 8) reboiler layout including tube bundle diameter and liquid level height. The key design aspects are 350 U-tubes of 30mm diameter and 4.8m length within a shell of diameter 1140.9mm.

Uploaded by

Smit patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

3 DESIGN OF REBOILER

This is a kettle type reboiler of the stripper column bottoms.

Fig 6.1: Kettle reboiler.

Step 1: physical properties of bottoms of column.

Pressure 1.25 Bar

B P of vapour leaving 514 K

Latent heat 253129.1 J/Kg

Critical pressure 20.7 Bar

Total heat load 5248373 W

B P of liquid entering 512 K

Fouling factor 2500 W/m2ºC


Molecular weight 169.6585 Kg/Kmol

114
Step 2: physical properties of steam:

Temperature 584.06 K
Pressure 100 Bar
Phase Vapour -
Molecular weight 18 Kg/Kmol

Steam condensing coefficient 8000 W/m2ºC


Fouling coefficient 5000 W/m2ºC
Tube material Carbon steel -
Conductivity 55 W/m K

Step 3: Heat load and heat transfer coefficient:

Total heat load on reboiler: 5248373 W

Add 5% for heat losses so total heat duty is: 5510792 W.

From table 12.1 Coulson-Richardson Volume-6 assume U:

Thus U: 600 W/m2 K.


Step 4: Mean temperature difference:

Steam saturation temperature at 100 bar is Tsat = 584.06 K.

So ∆T =70.06 K.

Area required: 131.097 m2.

Select 30 mm𝑑𝑜 , 25mm 𝑑𝑖 , plain U-tubes and nominal length is 4.8 m.

So area of one tube is: 0.376991 m2.

Number of U-tubes: 347.7455. So let it be 350 tubes.

Use square pitch arrangement, pitch =1.25*tube 𝑑𝑜 = 37.5 mm

Minimum bend radius = 1.5*tube 𝑑𝑜 = 45 mm.

Step 5: Boiling coefficient.

Use Mostinski’s Equation:

Heat flux based on trial area: q = 42036W/m2.


fm = exp[-0.0083(Tbo-Tbi)]

115
where Tbo is temperature of the vapour mixture leaving the reboiler.And

Tbi is temperature of the liquid mixture entering the reboiler. Estimation

of the heat transfer coefficient for boiling mixture is given by:

𝑃 0.17 𝑃 1.2 𝑃 10
ℎ𝑏 = 0.104(𝑃𝐶0.69 )(𝑞 0.7 )[1.8 ( ) + 4 ( ) + 10 ( ) ] × 𝑓𝑚
𝑃𝑐 𝑃𝑐 𝑃𝑐

fm = 0.9835.

P/Pc = 0.0604

hb = 1790.3 W/m2 K
Step 6: Overall heat transfer coefficient:

Using steam condensing coefficient as 8000 W/m2 K.

ho 8000 W/m2 K

hid 5000 W/m2 K

hod 5000 W/m2 K

2
1/hid 0.0002 m K/W

2
1/hod 0.0002 m K/W

So overall heat transfer coefficient is:


𝑑
1 1 1 𝑑𝑜 1 1 𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑛 𝑑𝑜
𝑖
= + + ( + )+( )
𝑈 ℎ𝑜 ℎ𝑜𝑑 𝑑𝑖 ℎ𝑖 ℎ𝑖𝑑 2𝑘𝑤

Thus 1/U: 0.0013 m2 K/W

So U: 778.21 /m2 K
Number of tubes: Nt : 90.

Step 7: check maximum allowable heat flux: using modified Zuber’s equation.

𝑃𝑡 𝜆
𝑞𝑐𝑏 = 𝐾𝑏 ( ) ( ) [𝜌𝑔(𝜌𝑙 − 𝜌𝑣 )(𝜌𝑣 )2 ]0.25
𝑑𝑜 √𝑁𝑡

Where 𝑞𝑐𝑏 is maximum allowable (critical) heat flux for the tube bundle W/m2
Kb = 0.44 for square pitch arrangements

116
pt = tube pitch ( here taken 1.75 times the outside diameter to avoid vapour
blanketing)
d0 =tube outside diameter.

Nt= total number of tubes in the bundle.

For U-tubes Nt will be equal to twice the number of the actual U-tubes

3
ρL 685.62 Kg/m

Nt 180 -

ρV 8.52 Kg/m3

σ 0.0118 N/m

Kb 0.44 -

𝑞𝑐𝑏 = 126.17 KW/m2

Applying a factor of safety as 0.7, we get heat flux

as: 𝑞𝑐𝑏 = 88.321 KW/m2

Hence actual heat flux is well below the allowable heat flux.

Step 8: Layout

𝑁𝑡 1
𝐷𝑏 = 𝑑𝑜 ( )𝑛1 + 2 ∗ 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
𝐾1

For a square pitch, K1 = 0.215, n1 = 2.207.

Thus Db = 552.46 mm. So Ds = 1140.9 mm.

The freeboard between the liquid level and shell should be at least 0.25 m. -Reference
C-R Vol-6

Let the freeboard between the liquid level and shell be 500mm.
So liquid level from base: 604.9122 mm.

Width at liquid level: 1.05 m

Surface area of liquid: 2.835 m2

Vapour velocity at surface: 0.394754 m/s.

117

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