Table Of Contents

NO CONTENTS PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION 2

2 PROJECT BRIEF 3

3 PREPARATION OF EXPERIMENT 4

4 FORMULA AND CALCULATION 6

5 MEAN AREAL RAINFALL DETERMINATION 8

6 DISCUSSION 10

7 CONCLUSION 11

8 APPENDICES 12
INTRODUCTION

Malaysia's climate is equatorial, hot, humid, and rainy all year in this Asian country
located just north of the equator. Temperatures are high and consistent, with a small reduction
in November and January, when highs drop to 29/30 °C, at least in the north, and a small
increase in February. Between March and August, however, when highs stay around 32/33
°C and lows hover around 23/25 °C, it is felt due to the high humidity.
Rainfall is abundant and regular throughout the year; in fact, it is difficult to locate a
location where it is less than 2,000 millimetres per year, or less than 100 millimetres per
month. However, there are times when it is not too high, however they are not consistent
everywhere.
Precipitation is one of the important components of the water cycle. Precipitation is a
result of atmospheric water vapour condensation that is gathered by gravitational attraction
from clouds in meteorology. When water vapour condenses into greater and greater droplets
of water, precipitation occurs in the clouds. When the drops become too heavy, they fall to
the ground. Water droplets may freeze to form ice if a cloud is colder, as they would be at
higher altitudes. Precipitation is always fresh water, even when the water originated from the
ocean.
Our experiment had been conducted for 5 days starting from 29 December 2021 until
2 January 2022 at 2PM.

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PROJECT BRIEF

 Objective of the project: -

To collect weekly precipitation using rain gauge stations at defined areas in order to
determine weekly precipitation.

 Problem Statement: -

Students are required to collect data for 5 numbers of rain gauge for weekly rainfall
depth and locate the rain gauge station based on the student’s current location.

 Location: -

UiTM Pulau Pinang Kampus Permatang Pauh

- Field (Near SUKSIS HQ)
- Car Park (Behind SUDI Café)
- Field (Behind Islamic Centre)
- Library (PTAR)
- UiTM Roundabout (Main gate)

 Group works distribution: -

Group member Work’s distribution

MUHAMMAD FARIS BIN AHMAD Report Organizing

FAUZI

MUHAMAD ALIFF ALIMIN BIN ABDUL Rain Gauge Preparation

KHOLID

MUHAMAD ALIFF ALIMIN BIN ABDUL Data Collection For 5 days

KHOLID

NOOR MUHAMAD AZIM BIN NOOR ZIKRI Calculation Required

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PREPARATION OF EXPERIMENT

Figure 2: Map of Rain Gauge

Stations distribution

Apparatus

- Drinking Bottle
- Weighing Scale
- Pen
- Marker
- Tape

Procedures

1. Cut the top of the bottle to make a larger opener.

2. Tape the bottle to the cardboard to make it more stable.
3. Labelled each bottle

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 4. Place each bottle according to the selected areas
5. After 24 hours, check the bottles daily for 5 days to record the readings.
6. Measure the volume of the rainwater in the bottles and spill it out for the
next day’s reading
7. Tabulate the recorded measurements and plot the water catchment area on
the grid for the mean areal rainfall calculation

RAIN
GAUGE DAY 1 DAY DAY DAY DAY 5
2 3 4
STATION (ml) (ml)
(ml) (ml) (ml)
RG1 0 0 9.0 5.0 5.2

RG2 0 3 2.4 0.6 1.5

RG3 0 0 0 0 1.1

RG4 0 2 4.1 2.2 2.6

RG5 0 0 3.7 1.3 1.9

Table 1 : Depth of rain from 5 Rain Gauge Stations table

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 FORMULA AND CALCULATION OF WEEKLY PRECIPATION

RAIN DEPTH RAIN WEEKLY

(mm)
GAUGE PRECIPITATION
STATION (mm)

DAY DAY DAY DAY DAY

1 2 3 4 5
RG1 0.0 0.00 0.17 0.09 0.10 0.072
RG2 0.0 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.030
RG3 0.0 0.00 0 0.00 0.02 0.004
RG4 0.0 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.042
RG5 0.0 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.026

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 Table 2: Weekly precipitation
STATION COORDINATE WEEKLY
, PRECIPITATION,
(x,y) (mm)
Station A (3,2) 0.072

Station B (1,5) 0.030

Station C (6,6) 0.004

Station D (10,4) 0.042

Station E (11,11) 0.026

Table 3: Coordinate of each

station

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MEAN AREAL RAINFALL DETERMINATION

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STATION WEEKLY POLYGON PxA
PRECIPITATION AREA
(m) (m²)
A 0.072 244.90 17.63

B 0.030 285.71 8.57

C 0.004 714.29 2.86

D 0.042 387.76 16.29

E 0.026 367.35 9.55

TOTAL 2000 54.9

Table 4 : Tabular form for mean areal rainfall

Mean areal precipitation = Total (P x A) / Total polygon area

= (54.9) / (2000)
= 0.0275 m²

Total volume of rainfall over the area = Mean area X Total polygon area
= (0.0275) x (2000 x 10^4)
= 550000 m³

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DISCUSSION

As a Civil engineering student, we discovered that the water cycle process is

also the most significant aspect in determining the amount of rainfall or water at a
certain area during this project. This is because changes in humidity have an impact
on the state of a structure or any construction project. Furthermore, this research aids
civil engineers, meteorologists, and hydrologists in determining the depth of rain and
water level at a river or other water catchment area in advance to avoid potentially
dangerous circumstances for inhabitants, such as floods.
There are approximately 5 rainfall gauge stations located around the UiTM
area to obtain different readings of rain depth. Furthermore, the location of each
rainfall gauge station must be in a wide-open area, and it should not be placed under
trees or any streetlamps, as this will prevent rainwater from entering the bottle
(rainfall gauge station). After establishing the station in the desired location, the
station is left for 24 hours while the student measures the volume of rainwater inside
the bottle with a 1ml syringe. When there is no rain between 24 hours, such as at our
station on the first day, the depth of rain reading is considered zero.

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CONCLUSION

Lastly, we are achieved of the experiment which is to collect weekly

precipitation using rain gauge stations at defined areas in order to determine
weekly precipitation. It is because the weather will affect the quality of the soil
at the site and the buildings, this project of rainfall precipitation determination
aids the engineer in providing a smooth timeline for construction activity. Since
UiTM Campus Permatang Pauh, Penang has a 5-day minimum rainfall
distribution (1 week). Furthermore, using the Thiessen Polygon method, the
student computed the mean areal precipitation, which is 0.0275 m2, and the
total volume of rainfall at the UiTM area is 550000 m3. Throughout the process
of creating this project, we as students learnt to manage work and tasks as a
team by evenly distributing work among all group members.
Safety precautions must be taken when constructing this project, such as
the rainfall gauge station must be positioned far away from trees. Aside from
that, this project allows students to practice their creativity while designing the
rain gauge model. While learning about this issue in online distance learning,
this rainfall project provides new opportunities for students to better grasp and
apply this topic in real life. We can tie the real-life problem to the theory we
learned in class by completing this project.

APPENDICES
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 Rainfall definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary. (n.d.). Collins

Dictionaries. Retrieved January 5, 2022, from

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/rainfall

 Malaysia climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, when to go. (n.d.).

CLIMATE. Retrieved January 5, 2022, from

https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/malaysia

RAIN GAUGE STATION LOCATION

FIELD (SUKSIS)

RG 1

CAR PARK

RG 2

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 ISLAMIC CENTRE

RG 3

LIBRARY

RG 4

ROUNDABOUT

RG 5
Table 5 : Location of rain gauge

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station

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