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2.3 Solv

The document contains examples of functions and operations on functions including: 1. Determining whether functions from integers to reals or sets to themselves are one-to-one or onto. 2. Finding the domain and range of functions such as ones that assign integers to positive integers or the square root of an integer. 3. Calculating compositions of functions and determining when they are equal. 4. Showing properties of floor and ceiling functions applied to real numbers and integers. 5. Determining whether specific functions are bijections from reals to reals.

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13 views3 pages

2.3 Solv

The document contains examples of functions and operations on functions including: 1. Determining whether functions from integers to reals or sets to themselves are one-to-one or onto. 2. Finding the domain and range of functions such as ones that assign integers to positive integers or the square root of an integer. 3. Calculating compositions of functions and determining when they are equal. 4. Showing properties of floor and ceiling functions applied to real numbers and integers. 5. Determining whether specific functions are bijections from reals to reals.

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Last Try
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Section 2.

1. Determine whether f is a function from Z to R if.

a) 𝑓 (𝑛) = ±n does not function.

b) 𝑓 (𝑛) = √𝑛2 + 1 function.


c) a) 𝑓 (𝑛) = 1 / (𝑛2 − 4) not function, if n = 2 or -2 the answer not defined /0

2. Find the domain and range of these functions. Note that in each case, to findthe
domain, determine the set of elements assigned values by the function.

a) the function that assigns the next largest integer to a positive integer.
The domain is the set of positive integers, and the range is the set of integers greater
than 1.

3. Find the domain and range of these functions.

a) the function that assigns to each positive integer the largest integer not
exceeding the square root of the integer.
The domain is given as Z+ . Clearly the range is Z+ as well.

4. Find these values.

a) [ 2.99 ] = 3

1 1
b) ⌈ ⌊ 1 ⌋ + ⌈ ⌉ + ⌉=2
2 2 2

5. Determine whether each of these functions from {a, b, c, d} to itself is one-to-


one.

a) 𝑓 (𝑎) = 𝑏 , 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑎 , 𝑓 (𝑐) = 𝑐 , 𝑓(𝑑) = 𝑑


This is one-to-one.

b) 𝑓 (𝑎) = 𝑏 , 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑏 , 𝑓 (𝑐) = 𝑑 , 𝑓(𝑑) = 𝑐


This is not one-to-one, since b is the image of both a and b

c) 𝑓 (𝑎) = 𝑑 , 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑏 , 𝑓 (𝑐) = 𝑐, 𝑓(𝑑) = 𝑑


This is not one-to-one, since d is the image of both a and d.
6. Determine whether each of these functions from Z to Z is one-to-one.

a) 𝑓 (𝑛) = ⌈𝑛 / 2⌉
This is not one-to-one, since, for example, f(3) = f(4) = 2.

7. Determine whether f : Z × Z → Z is onto if

a) 𝑓 (𝑚 , 𝑛 ) = 𝑚 + 𝑛 + 1
This is clearly onto, since f(0, n - 1) = n for every integer n.

b) a) 𝑓 (𝑚 , 𝑛 ) = | 𝑚 | − | 𝑛|
This is onto. To achieve negative values, we set m = 0, and to achieve nonnegative values we
set n = 0

8. Let S = {−1, 0, 2, 4, 7}. Find f (S) if

a) 𝑓 (𝑥) = ⌊(𝑥2 + 1) /3⌋


{0, 1, 5, 16}

9. Find 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 , where f (x) = x2 + 1 and g(x) = x + 2, are functionsfrom R


to R.
We have (f ◦ g)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x + 2) = (x + 2) ^2 + 1 = x^2 + 4x + 5,
whereas (g ◦ f)(x) = g(f(x)) = g(x^2 + 1) = x^2 + 1 + 2 = x^2 + 3. Note that they are
not equal.

10. Let f (x) = ax + b and g(x) = cx + d, where a, b, c, and d are constants. Determine
necessary and suffi - cient conditions on the constants a, b, c, and dso that 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝑔
∘𝑓.
Forming the compositions we have (f ◦ g)(x) = acx + ad + b and (g ◦ f)(x) = cax + cb + d.
These are equal if and only if ad+b = cb+d. In other words, equality holds for all 4-
tuples (a, b, c, d) for which ad+b = cb+d.

11. Draw graphs of each of these functions.

a) 𝑓 (𝑥) = ⌊𝑥 /2 ⌋ + ⌈𝑥 /2 ⌉
12. Show that if x is a real number and n is an integer, the

a) 𝑛 ≤ 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 ≤ ⌊𝑥⌋


The “if” direction is trivial, since ⌊𝑥⌋ ≤ x. For the other direction, suppose that n ≤ x. Since n is
an integer not exceeding x, and ⌊𝑥⌋ is the largest such integer, clearly n ≤ ⌊𝑥⌋

13. Determine whether each of these functions is a bijection from R to R.

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 𝑥2 + 7
not bijection

b) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1) / (𝑥 + 2)
not bijection from R to R, f is a bijection from R - {-2} to R - {1}.

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