STRUCTURAL STEEL IN COMPRESSION MEMBERS λrf > λf → flange is not slender

NSCP 2015:
For Web:
𝜋2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 = 𝐾𝐿 2
where 𝐹𝑒 ≥ 0.44𝐹𝑦 ℎ
( ) λw =
𝑟
𝑡𝑤
𝐾𝐿 𝐸
• If ≤ 4.71√𝐹 →short column 𝐸
𝑟 𝑦
λrw = 1.49√
𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ] 𝐹𝑦
λw > λrw →web is slender
𝐾𝐿
𝐾𝐿 𝐸 𝑟
• If > 4.71√𝐹 →long column
𝑟 𝑦 𝜋2𝐸
𝐹𝑒 =
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒 𝐾𝐿 2
(𝑟 )
𝐹𝑦
𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ] 𝐹𝑦 →short column
LRFD
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877𝐹𝑒 →long column
𝑃𝒖 = 0.90𝑃𝑛
ASD Note: Use 𝐹𝑐𝑟 for F if elements are not all stiffened
𝑛 𝑃 Use 𝐹𝑦 for F if elements are all stiffened
𝑃𝑎 = 1.67
NSCP 2001:
• For uniformly compressed slender
𝐾𝐿
elements
𝑟
𝐾𝐿 2 𝐾𝐿 𝐾𝐿 3
𝐹𝑦 ( ) 5 3( ) ( ) 𝐸 0.34 𝐸
𝐹𝑎 = [1 − 𝑟
] where 𝐹𝑠 = 3 + 𝑟
− 𝑟
𝑏𝑟 𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑒 = 1.92𝑡√ [1 − √ ] ≤ 𝑏 𝑜𝑟 ℎ
2(𝐶𝑐 )2 8𝐶𝑐 3 𝐹 𝑏 ℎ
( 𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 ) 𝐹
𝐹𝑠 8𝐶𝑐

𝐾𝐿 2𝜋 2 𝐸
If > 𝐶𝑐 √ → long column • For flanges of square and rectangular
𝑟 𝐹𝑦
slender element section
12𝜋𝐸
𝐹𝑎 =
𝐾𝐿 2 𝑏 ℎ 𝐸
23 ( 𝑟 ) 𝑜𝑟 ≥ 1.40√
𝑡 𝑡 𝐹𝑦
𝐾𝐿 2𝜋 2 𝐸
If ≤ 𝐶𝑐 √ → short column
𝑟 𝐹𝑦 𝐸 0.38 𝐸
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑎 𝐴 𝑏𝑟 𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑒 = 1.92𝑡√ [1 − √ ] ≤ 𝑏 𝑜𝑟 ℎ
𝐹 𝑏 ℎ
( 𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 ) 𝐹
LRFD
𝑃𝒖 = 0.90𝑃𝑛
ASD 𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝐴𝑔 − (ℎ𝑡𝑤 − ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤 ) 𝑜𝑟
𝑛
𝑃𝑎 = 1.67
𝑃 = 𝐴𝑔 − (𝑏𝑡𝑤 − 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑤 )

Local buckling:
Members with slender elements
𝑄 = 𝑄𝑠 𝑄𝐴
Width-thickness ratio: where 𝑄𝑠 = 1 if web is slender and If
section is composed of only stiffened
For Flange: element
𝑏𝑓
λf = 𝑄𝐴 = 1 if flange is slender and if section is
2𝑡𝑓 composed of only unstiffened element
𝐸
λrf = 0.56√ 𝑄𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝑄𝑎 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = [0.658 𝐹𝑒 ] 𝑄𝐹𝑦 𝑃𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔
𝐴𝑔
STRUCTURAL STEEL IN BEAM 12.5𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐶𝑏 = 𝑅
2.5𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 3𝑀𝐴 + 4𝑀𝑚 + 3𝑀𝑐 𝑚
For flange: & 𝑅𝑚 = 1
b 𝑏𝑓
λ= =
t 2𝑡𝑓 When 𝐿𝑏 > 𝐿𝑟 where
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝑆𝑥
𝐸
λp = 0.38√
𝐹𝑦
𝐶𝑏 𝜋 2 𝐸 𝐽𝑐 𝐿𝑏 2
𝐸 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = √1 + 0.078 ( )
λr = 1.0√ 𝐿 2 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 𝑟𝑡𝑠
𝐹𝑦 (𝑟 𝑏 )
𝑡𝑠

λ ≤ λp ≤ λr → flange is compact If the section is non-compact:

if λ > λp → non-compact λ − λp
𝑀𝑛 = [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ) ( )]
For Web: λr − λp
ℎ
λ=
𝑡𝑤
If the section is slender:
𝐸 0.9𝐸𝑘𝑐 𝑆𝑥 4
λp = 3.76√ 𝑀𝑛 = where: 𝑘𝑐 =
𝐹𝑦 λ2 √λ

𝐸
λr = 5.70√
𝐹𝑦 Checking for flexure:
𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥
λ ≤ λp ≤ λr → web is compact 𝑀𝑦 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥
if λ > λp → non-compact
Solving for DL with weight (kg/m) given:
𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥 ∑ 𝐷𝐿 = 𝐷𝐿𝑜 + 𝑊𝑜
If the section is compact:
Where:
𝐸 𝑊𝑜 = 𝑊𝑔
𝐿𝑝 = 1.76𝑟𝑦 √
𝐹𝑦
When 𝐿𝑏 < 𝐿𝑝 where 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐷𝐶𝑅 =
𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥

When 𝐿𝑝 ≤ 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟 where FOR BUILT-UP

2 𝐼𝑥
𝐸 𝐽𝐶 0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 𝑠𝑥 =
𝐿𝑟 = 1.95𝑟𝑡𝑠 √ √1 + √1 + 6.76 ( ) 𝐶
0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 𝐸𝐽𝐶
Shape Factor:
√𝐼𝑦 𝐶𝑤
𝑟𝑡𝑠 = √ & ℎ𝑜 = 𝑑 − 𝑡𝑓
𝑆𝑥 𝑍
𝑆. 𝐹. = 𝑆 𝑥 where
𝑋

𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝 𝐼𝑥
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ) ( )] 𝑆𝑥 = ; 𝑍𝑥 = 𝐴𝑐 𝑦1 + 𝐴𝑇 𝑦2
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝 𝐶

≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐶𝑏 = 1 if wide flange if not
STRUCTURAL STEEL IN BEAM

STRUCTURAL STEEL IN COLUMN