Lecture 6 CT

The document discusses modulation techniques used in communication systems. It describes the different types of signals used in modulation including modulating, carrier and modulated signals. It also explains the main types of analog modulation which are amplitude, frequency and phase modulation. The document then discusses digital modulation and some common digital modulation techniques like amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying and phase shift keying.

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Lecture 6 CT

Uploaded by

Syed Junaid Iqbal

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
(ET-334)

Instructor: Engr. Syed Junaid Iqbal

Lecture- 6
Modulation
Modulation is simply a widely used process in communication systems in which a very
high-frequency carrier wave is used to transmit the low-frequency message signal so
that the transmitted signal continues to have all the information contained in the
original message signal.
Types of Signals used in the Modulation
Modulating Signal
➢ This is the signal that contains the message to be transmitted from the sender to the

receiver and is called a message signal.

➢ The message signals are the band of low frequencies known as baseband signals.

➢ The frequency of the message signals to be sent is generally low. Thus, these signals

undergo modulation to get correctly transmitted from one location to another.

Modulation
Carrier Signal
➢ The other signal used in the process of modulation is the carrier signal that has
high-frequency sinusoidal waves.
➢ The high-frequency carrier wave can travel much quicker as compared to the
baseband signal.
➢ These signals have a specific frequency, amplitude, and phase, but no information.

➢ After modulation, carrier signals are used to transmit the signal to the receiver.

Modulated Signal
➢ After the modulation is done, the resultant signal refers to the modulated signal.

➢ This signal is the mixture of the carrier signal and message signal.
Types of Modulation
Types of Modulation
1-Analog Modulation
In this modulation, a continuously varying sine wave is used as a carrier
wave that modulates the message signal or data signal. Three parameters
can be altered to get modulation – they are mainly amplitude, frequency,
and phase, so the types of analog modulation are:
➢ Amplitude modulation (AM)

➢ Frequency modulation (FM)

➢ Phase modulation (PM)

Amplitude modulation (AM)

In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in proportion to

the message signal, and the other factors like frequency and phase remain constant.
Frequency Modulation (FM)

Frequency Modulation varies the frequency of the carrier in proportion to the message
or data signal while maintaining other parameters constant.
Phase Modulation (PM)
In phase modulation, the carrier phase is varied in accordance with the data signal.
Types of Modulation
2-Digital Modulation
For better quality and efficient communication, the digital modulation technique is
employed. The main advantages of digital modulation over analog modulation include
permissible power, available bandwidth, and high noise immunity.
In digital modulation, a message signal is converted from analog to digital message and
then modulated by using a carrier wave. The carrier wave is keyed or switched on and
off to create pulses such that the signal is modulated. The types of digital
modulation are based on the type of signal and application.
➢ Amplitude Shift Keying

➢ Frequency Shift Keying

➢ Phase Shift Keying

MODEM block diagram
Assignment 1
Write notes on
➢ Why is telecommunication important for the progress of a
developing country?
➢ What is the need/motivation for modulation?