GRAMMAR PRACTICE

1A  The verb be

We use the verb be to say who people are and to give other information about them 1 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative
(for example, where they are from, what job they do, where they are, how they are). form of the verb be.
I’m Juan. I’m Mexican. 1 She is Brazilian.
This is Michel. He’s from France. 2 They are from Argentina.
My sister is a teacher. She’s in the classroom. 3 Pedro is in the classroom.
How are you? I’m fine. 4 Fabio and Daniele are here.
We also use the verb be to talk about ages. 5 I am 27.
6 My name is Yara.
I’m 25.
7 We are students.
We add not after the verb be to make the negative: ’m not, ’re not, and ’s not. We can 8 My teachers areAmerican.
also use the forms aren’t for ’re not, and isn’t for ’s not. We form questions by putting
the verb before the subject. 2 Read the information.
Complete the questions
The full forms of the verb be are am, is, and are. We don’t use contractions in short and write the short answers
answers. (e.g. Yes, she is).

1.4 I he / she / it you / we / they Fiona Murray is a student in

Montreal, Canada. She’s 22
+ I’m Spanish. Tom’s from Chicago. You’re Japanese. years old. She’s from Boston,
I’m not Portuguese. Maria’s not / isn’t We’re not / aren’t in the state of Massachusetts.
−
Australian. from Vietnam. Her parents are Irish.
? Am I from Canada? Is she from New York? Are you from Turkey? 1 is her name Fiona?
Yes, I am. / No, I’m Yes, she is. / No, she’s Yes, we are. / No, yes she is
Y/N
not. not / isn’t. we’re not / aren’t. 2 is she 23 years old?
No, she isn´t
We use the contraction ’s with third person singular nouns, names, and pronouns. 3 is she a student?
My sister’s here. yes she is
Sabine’s here. 4 is she from Montreal?
She’s here. no , she isn´t
5 are her parents Canadian?
We use the contraction ’re with you, we, and they.
no , they aren´t
You’re my friend. 6 are her parents from Ireland?
We’re Colombian. yes , they are
They’re from Brazil.
But we use are with plural nouns and names.
3 Complete the conversation. Use contractions where
possible.
My friends are from Brazil.
A Nice to meet you. My name 1 ´s Carla.
Gina and Laura are German. 2
B Nice to meet you, too. I ´m William.
We use the contractions ’s not or isn’t with he, she, and it, and ’re not
A Where 3 are you from?
or aren’t with you, we, and they.
B I 4 ´m from China. 5 are you from
He’s not/He isn’t here. Italy?
They’re not/They aren’t here. A No, I 6 ´m not from Italy. I 7 ´m from
We usually use aren’t with plural nouns and names. Argentina.
Gina and Laura aren’t Brazilian. B 8 are you here with your family?
A No, I 9 ´m not . They 10 ´re at home.

112 Go back to page 5

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 112 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

1C  Possessive adjectives and ’s for their names are maria and lucy
possession 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
where:donde
1 She / Her is 48. she is 48
Possessive adjectives 2 They / Their names are Maria and Lucy.
We use possessive adjectives before nouns to say that something belongs 3 Her / She keys are in the car. her keys are in the car
to someone. i´m your teacher for today 4 I’m you / your teacher for today. our tickets are in his
It’s my wallet. wallet:billetera it´s my computer/laptop 5 We / Our tickets are in his wallet. wallet
This is your book. this is your pencil 6 He / His is from Vietnam. he is from vietnam
This is her phone. this is his keyboard 7 I / My last name is Moszkowski. my last name is oyola
Where is his bag? bag:maleta 8 Is his / he umbrella black? is his umbrella black
Is this our umbrella? umbrella:sombrilla 2 Complete the sentences with possessive adjectives.
wallet:billetera
This is their car.
1 Marie and Sylvain are French. my family is
from Paris.
Subject Possessive
1.12 pronoun adjective 2 This is my wallet. Look, here’s your identity
card.
I my I’m Spanish. My name is Raúl. 3 I am Chinese. my family is from Beijing.
you your Are you ready? Your taxi’s here. 4 Italy is famous for its food.
he his He’s a great teacher. His students are 5 my classmates are from all over the world. We
young. young:joven but:pero have interesting discussions in class.
she her She’s at work, but her handbag is at home. 6 She’s the mom in my host family. her name is
Tamara.
it its It’s a great city. I like the city for its
7 He’s my Spanish friend. his name is Marcos.
we:nosotros beaches. great:genial beaches:playas
8 What’s your last name, Megan?
we our We’re from the U.S., but our son is British.
they their They’re not here. Their train is late. 3 Correct and write the statements and questions. Use ’s
or an apostrophe (’) to indicate possession.
We use the same possessive adjective for singular and plural nouns. 1 Are these your sister glasses?
It’s my pen. They’re my pens. are these your sister´s glasses?
This is their car. These are their cars. 2 Benedict is Millie boyfriend.
benedit is milie´s boyfriend
’s for possession 3 My mothers books are in my bag.
my mother´s books are in my bag
We add ’s to a singular name or noun to say that something belongs to someone.
4 Our teacher name is Susanna.
Tom’s book is here. our teacher´s name is susanna
Where are Lisa’s bags? 5 My parents new car is an Audi.
This is the teacher’s desk. my parents´ new car is an audi
We don’t usually use ’s to say that something belongs to a thing. We use of. 6 Our children favorite TV show is The Simpsons.
The front of the bus. our children´s favorite tv show is the simsomps
The end of the vacation.
With regular plural nouns that end in -s, we use an apostrophe (’) after the -s to talk
about possession.
where: Donde
These are the students’ books. what: cual/que
My friends’ names are Lucy and Samir. why: porque
With irregular plural nouns, we use ’s to talk about possession. when: Cuando
how: como
The children’s books are in the classroom.
who: quien
The women’s soccer team are the champions.
Where are the men’s bags?

Go back to pages 8–9 113

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 113 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

2A  Simple present: affirmative and negative

We use the simple present to talk about: 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
• facts. 1 Adam have / has a job in a garage.
I’m Italian. 2 Dean likes Mexico, but he don’t / doesn’t like Mexico
We live in New York. City.
He doesn’t work at a restaurant. 3 Tyler speak / speaks French, but he doesn’t speak German.
• regular routines. 4 Carla works in the evening, but she doesn’t work /
I work every day. works on the weekend.
We go to the movies on the weekend. 5 Barbara and Fatima teach / teaches Spanish at a college.
They get up at 10 on Sundays. 6 We doesn’t have / don’t have an office in New York.

We form negatives with don’t/doesn’t + the base form of the verb. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative
form of the verbs in the box.
2.3 I / you / we / they he / she / it
watch serve start cut help finish work
+ We work in a hospital. Laura works in an office. go live
I teach English. He teaches Japanese.
1 I in an apartment in Rio de Janeiro.
They have a new car. She has a beautiful apartment.
2 He’s a waiter. He the food.
You make great coffee. Simon makes good tea. 3 My sister is a hairdresser. She people’s hair.
– We don’t work in a school. Paul doesn’t work in a store. 4 They for a bank in the city.
I don’t teach French. He doesn’t teach in a school. 5 Elena tourists. She gives them information.
6 We to work every morning by bus.
They don’t have a yard. She doesn’t have a dog.
7 Karl TV every evening.
You don’t love your job. Damian doesn’t love his girlfriend.
8 Sara work at 9 a.m. and she
at 5 p.m.
We usually add -s to the verb to make the third person singular (he/she/it) form.
He serves food in the restaurant. 3 Look at the information and complete the affirmative
She loves her job. and negative sentences about Emma.
Ivan sings at festivals. work: in a hospital in a store
Camilla helps her parents on the weekend. go to work: by bus by car
finish work: at 4 p.m. at 5:30 p.m.
Spelling rules for third person singular (he/she/it) help: tourists customers
We usually add -s to the base form.
work ⇨ works
When the verb ends in a consonant + y, we change the y to i
and then we add -es.
study ⇨ studies
When the verb ends in -sh, -ch, -x or -s, we add -es.
finish ⇨ finishes watch ⇨ watches
Some verbs are irregular.
go ⇨ goes do ⇨ does have ⇨ has

1 Emma in a hospital.
She in a store.
2 She by bus.
She by car.
3 She at 4 p.m.
She at 5:30 p.m.
4 She tourists.
She customers.

114 Go back to page 13

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 114 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

2C  Simple present: questions

We use questions in the simple present to ask about things that are facts, or regular 1 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
routines. We form questions in the simple present with do/does + subject + base form. 1 like / you / do / Spanish / food / ?
Do you like soccer?
Does she live in a big apartment? 2 in / Santiago / does / Sandra / live / ?
Does he work on the weekend?
Do they go out a lot? 3 they / do / Hong Kong / work / in / ?
We form short answers with Yes/No, + subject + do/does/don’t/doesn’t.
4 Eric / does / drive / a car / ?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
5 finish / do / we / at / 5 p.m. / ?
Yes, she does.
No, she doesn’t
6 do / teach / English / you / ?

2.12 I / you / we / they he / she / it

2 Look at the short answers to the questions in exercise 1.
? Do they live in the city? Does he live with you?
Correct the mistakes.
Do we have more time? Does it have a yard?
1 Yes, I like.
Do you work at a café? Does she work at a hotel?
2 Yes, she do.
Y/N Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. 3 No, they not.
4 No, he don’t.
If we want more information, we put a question word (what, where, when, why, who, 5 Yes, we does.
how, etc.) before do/does at the start of the question. 6 Yes, I teach.
Where do you live?
3 Write questions.
Who do you live with?
What does he do on the weekend?
How do you get to work?
When does the class start?
Why do you like soccer?

1 you / come from Australia

2 your apartment / have / a TV

3 you / like movies

4 when / you / go to work

5 where / your best friend / live

6 what / she / do

Go back to page 17 115

▲

862657 _ 0112-0135 rv.indd 115 21/11/2019 13:36

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

3A  Frequency adverbs and expressions

We use frequency adverbs with the simple present to talk about routines and 1 Rewrite the sentences. Put the frequency adverbs in
how often we do things. the correct places.
100% 1 My father reads the newspaper. (always)

always I always watch TV on the weekend.

2 My aunt has lunch with friends. (often)

usually I usually read the newspaper on the weekend. 3 My cousin is at home in the evening. (usually)

4 They work on the weekend. (sometimes)

often I often go for a walk on the weekend.
5 I go to the movies. (never)
sometimes I sometimes study English on the weekend.
6 I’m very busy. (often)

hardly ever I hardly ever drink coffee.

2 Complete the sentences. Put one word in each
sentence.
never I never watch soccer on the weekend.
  0%
We usually put frequency adverbs before the main verb.
I always listen to the radio in the car. NOT Always I listen to the radio in the car,or
I listen always to the radio in the car.
But we usually put frequency adverbs after the verb be.
They’re never late. NOT They never are late.
We use How often … ? to ask about how frequently actions happen.
How often do you go out for dinner?
We also use frequency expressions with the simple present to talk about regular habits
and routines.
I visit my parents every day.
I visit my grandparents twice a week. 1 I go to the gym day.
I visit my cousins once a year. 2 We go on vacation three times a – in
March, May, and October.
3.5 3 I see my grandparents twice week.
4 I usually have a cup of coffee a day – with
every
day. breakfast and after lunch.
once a
week. 5 My dad plays golf three a week.
I go to the movies twice a
month. 6 My brother visits me twice a week, but my sister only
three times a
year. visits me a week.
four times a
3 Correct the sentences.
Once means “one time” and twice means “two times.” 1 Never Sam listens to music.
We usually use frequency expressions at the end of a sentence. We sometimes
use them at the start of a sentence. 2 Always the apartments here are nice.

I visit my cousins once a year.

3 We eat out hardly ever on Saturdays.
Once a year, I visit my cousins.
NOT I once a year visit my cousins.
4 Lidia drives to work every days.

5 We see our cousins four or five times year.

6 I go to the theater once time a month.

116 Go back to page 23

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 116 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

3C  love, like, hate, enjoy, don’t mind +

noun/-ing form 1 Complete the sentences with the -ing form of the verb
We use love, like, hate, enjoy, and don’t mind to say if we feel positively or negatively in parentheses.
about something. 1 They like new places. (visit)
2 I like time with my family. (spend)
The verbs love, like, and enjoy have a positive meaning.
3 He doesn’t like . (swim)
I love tennis. 4 She hates dinner. (make)
I like basketball. 5 Does Freya like ? (drive)
I enjoy swimming. 6 I love on the beach. (run)
The verb don’t mind has a neutral meaning. 7 Do you like a student? (be)
I don’t mind working on the weekend. 8 My parents love photos. (take)
Soraya doesn’t mind cats. 2 Complete the sentences with love, like, don’t mind, don’t
The verbs don’t like/don’t enjoy and hate have a negative meaning. like, hate, and the -ing form of the verbs in the box.
I don’t like going to the gym.  work go meet play make cook learn listen
Emil hates watching soccer.  
We use a noun or the -ing form of a verb after these verbs. (We can also use the
infinitive after love, like, and hate.)

3.9
I love tennis. / playing tennis.
I enjoy museums. / visiting museums.
I like dogs. / walking my dog.
I don’t mind rock music. / listening to rock music.
I don’t like Indian food. / eating Indian food.
I hate soccer. / watching soccer. 1 They
Japanese food.
2 Sadiq in
Spelling rules for the -ing form a bank.
We usually add -ing to the base form of the verb. 3 I French.
play ⇨ playing talk ⇨ talking 4 Tania
clothes.
When a verb ends in consonant + e, we usually remove the e and then
5 I my
add -ing.
friends in town.
take ⇨ taking live ⇨ living
6 We golf.
BUT be ⇨ being
7 Liam
When a one-syllable verb ends in a vowel + a consonant, we double the shopping.
consonant and then add -ing. 8 I to the radio.
sit ⇨ sitting plan ⇨ planning
When a one-syllable verb ends in a vowel + a consonant, we double the 3 Read the sentences. Check ( ) the ones that are
consonant and then add -ing. correct. Rewrite the incorrect ones.
sit ⇨ sitting plan ⇨ planning 1 I love American movies.

2 Do you like cook?

3 Pedro doesn’t like basketball.

4 I hate be late.

5 Tomiko enjoys to play soccer.

6 I love talking to my friends.

Go back to page 27 117

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 117 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

4A  Prepositions of time

We use different prepositions to make common time expressions. 1 Complete the sentences with in, on, at, or from … to.
1 I usually take a shower the evening.
4.2 2 Charles does his homework night.
Preposition We use this with … Example 3 I’m at work 8:30 6:30 every
day.
in the + parts of the day in the morning(s)
4 They visit their cousins New Year’s Day.
in the afternoon(s)
5 We always go out Friday nights.
in the evening(s)
6 Is it hot here August?
the + seasons in the winter 7 The days are short the winter.
in the spring 8 What do you like doing the weekend?
in the summer
in the fall 2 Read the text and underline eight mistakes. Write the
months of the year in January
correct prepositions below the text.
in September
on days of the week on Monday(s)
on Tuesday(s)
days and parts of the day on Thursday morning(s)
on Saturday night(s)
on Friday evening(s)
on New Year’s Day
the weekend on the weekend / on weekends
at times at 6 o’clock
at 11:30
midnight/noon/night at midnight
at noon / noon Every day, from Monday in Friday, I get up at 6:30.
at night I leave the house at 7:30, and I start work on 8:15. I
festivals at Thanksgiving don’t work on Friday afternoons. I finish work in noon.
at New Year’s On July and August, it’s very hot. I usually go to the
from … to days from Wednesday to Sunday swimming pool with my children in the afternoons,
months from January to June and in night, we go for a walk.
times from 6:30 to 9:00 In the weekend, I don’t get up early. At Saturday
years from 2000 to 2006 mornings, I go running on 11, and then my wife and I
make lunch. On Sundays, we usually take the children
Look! at night NOT in night BUT on Friday night to visit my parents or my wife’s parents.
1 4 7
2 5 8
We use these time expressions at the start or at the end of a sentence. We use a
3 6
comma after them if they are at the start.
I usually get up at 7:30. 3 Write sentences. Add prepositions.
At 7:30, I usually get up. 1 I visit my grandparents / the weekend
I have an Italian class on Wednesday evening.
On Wednesday evening, I have an Italian class. 2 February / we usually go skiing
We can use plurals for days, parts of the day, and weekend if we talk about things
that we do regularly. 3 I usually stop for a cup of coffee / noon

I don’t work on the weekend / on weekends.

4 Wednesday evenings / my sister does yoga
In the morning / In the mornings, I often go running before work.

5 Carlos works / Monday / Saturday

6 My daughter’s birthday is / the spring

118 Go back to page 31

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 118 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

4C  Present continuous

We use the present continuous to talk about: 1 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
• things that are happening now. 1 using / the computer / Ella / is / ?
I’m taking a shower.
It’s raining. 2 parents / I / visiting / am / my
What are you reading?
• things that are temporary. 3 reading / Matt / the newspaper / is
We’re staying at a hotel.
I’m not working this week. 4 isn’t / my / working / phone

We form the present continuous with the verb be + the -ing form of the main verb.
5 staying / we / are / at a hotel / this weekend

4.9 I he / she / it you / we / they 6 you / going / where / are / ?

+ I’m getting dressed. He’s getting dressed. We’re getting dressed.
I’m not watching TV. She’s not watching We’re not watching 2 Complete the sentences with the correct present
–
TV. TV. continuous forms of the verbs in parentheses.
? Am I sleeping? Is she sleeping? Are they sleeping? 1 I dinner
Yes, I am. / No, I’m Yes, she is. / No, she’s Yes, they are. / No, right now. (have)
Y/N
not. not/isn’t. they’re not/aren’t. 2 We to the
beach now. (go)
3 The Internet
Spelling rules for the -ing form
today. (not work)
We usually add -ing to the base form of the verb. 4 Tim a shower? (take)
play ⇨ playing talk ⇨ talking 5 She a coat
When a verb ends in consonant + e, we usually remove the e today. (not wear)
and then add -ing. 6 What you ? (do)
take ⇨ taking live ⇨ living 7 I today
BUT be ⇨ being because it’s Saturday. (not study)
8 I in the right place? (sit)
When a one-syllable verb ends in a vowel + a consonant, we double the
consonant and then add -ing. 3 Look at the picture. Use the words to make questions
sit ⇨ sitting plan ⇨ planning and write true short answers.

Look! We often use the present continuous with time expressions such as
(right) now, today and this week/month/year.
I’m having breakfast right now.
I’m studying a lot this month.

1 they / talk

2 they / have / a good time

3 it / snow

4 it / rain

5 she / carry / an umbrella

6 he / wear / glasses

Go back to page 35 119

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 119 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

5A  Simple present and present continuous

We use the simple present to talk about facts and things that happen regularly. 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences
Sam lives in Australia. and questions.
We wear a uniform at work. 1 What do you do / are you doing right now?
I usually wake up at six o’clock. 2 Is he going / Does he go there often?
We use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening now, or are 3 They’re working / work late tonight.
temporary. 4 I never read / ’m never reading books.
5 I’m studying / study in my bedroom now.
I’m wearing blue pants today.
6 Most people finish / are finishing school at eighteen
I’m going to work by car today.
or nineteen years old.
My friend is living in New York right now.
We often use the simple present and present continuous together to contrast the 2 Complete the sentences with the simple present or
usual situation with what is happening now, or is temporary. present continuous form of the verbs in parentheses.
1 I right now. (read)
2 He to New York three times a year. (go)
5.2  Present simple and present continuous
3 They us every summer. (visit)
It usually doesn’t rain in the summer, but it’s raining today. 4 How Erica to work today? (get)
I usually wear jeans to work, but today I’m wearing a suit. 5 I coffee very often. (not drink)
I often don’t cook, but I’m cooking every evening this week. 6 We a really good TV series right now.
(watch)
There are some verbs that describe a state, not an action. We normally don’t use 7 I usually juice for breakfast. (have)
these verbs in the present continuous. 8 Please be quiet – the baby . (sleep)
I prefer this music. NOT I’m preferring this music. 3 Read the information. Then complete the text
Sorry, I don’t understand. NOT Sorry, I’m not understanding. about James.
I have some new sandals. NOT I’m having some new sandals.

Look! Here are some common state verbs:

l day
Feelings: like, love, hate, want, prefer, need
Typica
Thoughts and opinions: know, believe, remember, forget, understand, think d toast
States: be, belong, have (when we talk about relationships or possessions) tea an
suit
ll day
work a

Vacation
!
coffee an
d croissa
shorts an nts
d T-shirt
have a gr
eat time!

James usually 1 tea and toast for

breakfast. He 2 a suit. He 3
all day. This week, James is on vacation. He
4 coffee and croissants for
breakfast. He 5 shorts and a T-shirt.
He 6 a great time!

120 Go back to page 41

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 120 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

5C  can and can’t

We use can and can’t to talk about: 1 Look at the chart and complete the sentences with
• ability. can or can’t.
I can swim.
Craig Helen Manuel Silvia
My brother can play the guitar.
I can’t speak Italian. cook ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔
My sister can’t cook. play
✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
• possibility. tennis
You can make money from your hobby. drive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
It can snow here in the winter. speak
✘ ✘ ✘ ✔
You can’t get there by bus. French
• permission. 1 Craig cook, but he speak
You can take my umbrella. French.
) We can sit here. 2 Helen play tennis, but she drive.
We can’t park on this street. 3 Craig, Helen, and Manuel speak French.
You can’t use this gym if you’re not a member. 4 Manuel cook, but he drive.
To make questions with can, we put can before the subject. We use the same form 5 Silvia cook and speak French.
w. for all people. 6 Craig, Helen, and Manuel drive.

I / you / he / she / it / we / they 2 Write short answers to the questions about the people
5.8
in exercise 1.
+ I can play the piano.
1 Can Silvia drive?
They can go to the city by bus. 2 Can Craig play tennis?
We can finish work early today. 3 Can Helen cook?
– She can’t speak Japanese. 4 Can Manuel speak French?
They can’t work at night. 5 Can Helen and Silvia play tennis?
6 Can Craig and Manuel drive?
You can’t walk on the grass.
? Can she play the guitar? 3 Complete the sentences about the pictures. Use can
or can’t and the phrases in the box.
Can you come to my party?
Can we park the car here? walk on the grass ride a bike on this street
Y/N Yes, we can. / No, we can’t. pay with a credit card park here for one hour

1 2
Look! The full form of can’t is cannot. We don’t often use cannot; can’t is
the usual negative form.
I can’t meet you tonight. NOT I cannot meet you tonight.
CREDIT CARDS
ACCEPTED
1 hour

3 4

1 You
2 You
3 You
4 You

Go back to page 45 121

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 121 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

6A  there is/there are, some/any/no,

prepositions of place 1 Read the advertisement and then complete the sentences
We use there is to say that something singular exists. with there’s a/there are and there’s/there are no.
There’s a sofa in the living room.
Third-floor two-bedroom apartment in a popular area
There’s a small balcony in my apartment.
near stores and a park. Five-minute walk to subway
We use there are for the plural form. station. Living room with big windows. Kitchen,
There are five people in my family. bathroom (shower only, no bathtub). Empty – ready
There are three bedrooms in her apartment. to move in!
We use some and any with plural nouns. We use some in affirmative sentences when
more than one thing or person exists, but we don’t say exactly how many. 1 two bedrooms.
2 a bathroom.
There are some chairs in the classroom.
3 backyard, but a park
There are some new students in our class.
near the apartment.
I have some books in my bag.
4 some big windows in the living room.
We use any in negative sentences and questions with plural nouns. We use no after 5 bathtub in the bathroom.
an affirmative verb and with a singular or plural noun. 6 people in the apartment right now.
There are no tables. / There aren’t any tables. 7 some stores near the apartment.
I have no brothers or sisters. / I don’t have any brothers or sisters. 8 a subway station near the apartment.
Are there any shelves in the bedroom?
2 Complete the questions and answers about an apartment.
6.3 Singular nouns Plural nouns 1 garage in your apartment building?
No, .
+ There’s a shelf in my bedroom. There are some shelves in the kitchen. 2 shelves in the living room?
There’s no chair in my There are no / There aren’t any Yes, .
– 3 basement that you can use?
bedroom. chairs in the kitchen.
Yes, .
Is there a cabinet in your Are there any cabinets in the kitchen? 4 sofa in the living room?
?
bedroom? Yes, .
Yes, there is. / No, there’s not/ Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. 5 good restaurants in the area?
Y/N No, .
there isn’t.
6 schools for the children?
Yes, .
Prepositions of place
6.7 We use prepositions of place to describe location. 3 Look at the floor plan of a house. Complete the
sentences with prepositions of place.
The window is across from the door.
front yard

living kitchen dining

room room

backyard
front yard

bedroom bathroom bedroom

in front of under next to in 1 The kitchen is the bathroom.

2 The bathroom is the two bedrooms.
3 The dining room is the kitchen.
4 There is a small yard the house.
5 There is a large yard the house.
6 There are some trees the large yard.

on between behind across from

122 Go back to page 49

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 122 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

6C  Modifiers 1 Rewrite the sentences. Put the modifier in parentheses

in the correct place.
We use modifiers with adjectives to make them stronger or weaker.
1 The beach is busy today. (very)

2 The stadium is full at the moment. (not very)

3 You can buy beautiful presents at the market. (really)

4 This is an old apartment building. (pretty)

5 This café is expensive. (not … at all)

6 I’m reading an interesting book right now. (pretty)

2 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1 a / bathroom / there / large / is / pretty
It’s really/very big. It’s pretty big.
2 a / skyscraper / I / in / very / tall / work

3 I / street / on / a / live / quiet / pretty

4 clothes / are / these / very / expensive

5 sister / at / isn’t / my / busy / all

6 food / good / the / isn’t / very

3 Look at Andy’s review of his vacation. Complete the

sentences about it using modifiers and the adjectives
in parentheses.
It’s not very big. It’s not big at all.

We use really and very to make an adjective stronger. old town

The city is really big. beautiful
The market is very busy on Saturdays. busy
We use pretty and not very to make an adjective weaker. If we use pretty, the adjective restaurants
has the same meaning, but is weaker. If we use not very, the adjective has the opposite expensive
meaning. good food
The bridge is pretty old. beaches
The apartment’s not very old. = The apartment is pretty new. crowded
We use not + adjective + at all to give a strong opposite meaning to an adjective. clean
The beach isn’t crowded at all. = The beach is very empty. •  good for families
The restaurant’s not expensive at all. = The restaurant is very cheap. • cheap

6.12 The old town is 1 really beautiful (beautiful),

modifier + adjective modifier + adjective + (singular) noun but it’s 2 (busy). The restaurants
are 3 (expensive), and
The house is really/very beautiful. It’s a really/very beautiful house.
the food is 4 (good). The
The house is pretty beautiful. It’s a pretty beautiful house. beaches are 5 (crowded),
The house isn’t very beautiful. It’s not a very beautiful house. but they’re 6 (clean). It’s
7 (good) place for families because it’s 8
The house isn’t beautiful at all. It’s not a beautiful house at all.
(cheap) place to stay.

Go back to page 53 123

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 123 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

7A  Countable and uncountable nouns +

some/any 1 Look at the picture. Write a, an, or some.
Countable nouns are things that we can count.
I have a brother.
There are two glasses on the table.
There are fourteen students in the class.
Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form. We can use a/an with the
singular form.
Do you want a banana?
I like bananas.
We need an egg for this recipe.
We need three eggs for this recipe.
Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count. They usually don’t have a plural
form, and we can’t use a/an with them.
I don’t like cheese.
Do you like lemonade?
There’s a lot of sugar in this cake.
We’re having pasta for dinner.

some/any
We use some in affirmative statements with uncountable nouns and plural countable
nouns. We use it when we don’t say exactly how much or how many. 1 meat
There’s some juice in the fridge. 2 chocolate
There are some apples in the bowl. 3 melon
4 apple
We use any in negative statements and questions with uncountable nouns and
5 bread
plural countable nouns.
6 orange
There isn’t any milk. 7 potatoes
We don’t have any oranges. 8 tomatoes
Do you have any money?
Are there any strawberries? 2 Complete the conversation with a, an, some, or any.
A What’s for lunch? Is there 1 pasta?
Uncountable B No, there isn’t 2 pasta. But there’s
7.4 Countable nouns nouns 3 rice in the cupboard.
A Good. And do we have 4 meat or fish?
Singular Plural
B Yes, we have 5 chicken and 6 fish.
There’s a banana. There are some There’s some water. There’s 7 green pepper and 8
+
bananas. onion, too, but there isn’t 9 salad.
There’s no lemon. There aren’t any lemons. There isn’t any A No problem. We can buy 10 salad at the
–
coffee. market.
? Is there an onion? Are there any onions? Is there any tea?
3 Make sentences. Add a, an, some, or any.
1 there / not / cheese / on this pizza
Look! We usually use some in questions when we offer something to
someone. 2 you / have / tomatoes / ?
Do you want some soup?
Would you like some carrots? 3 there / milk / in the fridge

4 we / not have / yogurt

5 there / mushrooms / in the shopping bag

6 there / water?

124 Go back to page 59

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 124 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

7C  Quantifiers: (how) much, (how) many,

a lot of, a few, a little 1 Complete the questions with How much or How
We use how much and how many to ask about quantity. We use how much with many.
uncountable nouns and how many with countable nouns. 1 cups of coffee do you drink every day?

How much fish do you eat every week? 2 sugar do you put in your coffee?
How many students are there in your class? 3 time do you spend online every day?
4 e-mails do you send every day?
We use a lot of or lots of with countable and uncountable nouns to talk about large
5 rooms are there in your home?
quantities. We can use them in affirmative sentences, negative sentences, and questions.
6 water do you drink every day?
I eat a lot of fruit. 7 brothers and sisters do you have?
I don’t eat a lot of apples. 8 jewelry do you wear?
Do you eat a lot of potato chips?
2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
We use a lot of and many to ask about quantities. We use a lot of with uncountable
nouns and many with countable nouns. 1 There isn’t much / a lot cheese in the fridge.
2 I drink a lot / a little of tea every day.
Do you drink a lot of juice?
3 My friends don’t send me much / many messages.
Are there many/a lot of students in your class?
4 I don’t take much / a little sugar in my tea.
We use not much and not many in negative sentences to talk about small quantities. 5 It’s good to eat a lot / a little fish every week.
We use not much with uncountable nouns and not many with countable nouns. 6 I have much / lots of cousins.
There isn’t much sugar in this cake. 7 Do your children eat a few / a lot of fruit?
I don’t eat many potato chips. 8 I drink a little / a few glasses of milk every day.
We use a few and a little in affirmative sentences and questions to talk about small 3 Look at the picture and complete the sentences with
quantities. We use a little with uncountable nouns and a few with countable nouns. quantifiers.
I’d like a little milk in my coffee.
Would you like a little sugar in your coffee?
I eat a few pieces of fruit every day.
Are there a few eggs in the fridge?

7.8 Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

Large There are a lot of/lots of There’s a lot of/lots of cheese.

quantities crackers. Is there a lot of/lots of cheese?
Are there many crackers?
Are there a lot of/lots of
crackers?
Small There are a few crackers. There’s a little cheese.
quantities There aren’t many crackers. There’s not much cheese.
There aren’t a lot of crackers. There’s not a lot of cheese.
Are there a few crackers? Is there a little cheese?

Look! With a lot of / lots of, we don’t say of if we don’t say the noun.
Do you have any milk?  Yes, we have a lot. NOT Yes, we have a lot of.

1 There are cups.

2 There isn’t cake.
3 There are bottles of water.
4 There’s pizza.
5 There aren’t potato chips.
6 There’s salad.

Go back to page 63 125

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 125 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

8A  Past of be, there was/there were, and

simple past: irregular verbs 1 Complete the sentences with was, wasn’t, were, or
We use the past of be and the simple past to talk about completed actions and weren’t.
situations in the past. 1 I born in the U.S. I’m Canadian.
2 Chris at my house yesterday. He was at
The past forms of the verb be are was and were.
home.
Life was difficult in the 1930s. 3 It Friday yesterday. Today is Saturday.
Our house wasn’t very big. 4 We at the movies last night. We left at
We were very happy. 10.00 p.m.
We weren’t rich. 5 The stores open, so we didn’t buy
anything.
8.2 I / he / she / it you / we / they 6 There any tickets, so we didn’t go to the
+ I was busy last week. We were busy last week. concert.
7 Lucia born in Uruguay in 1978.
– He wasn’t busy yesterday. They weren’t busy yesterday. 8 The market busy this morning. It was so
crowded.

there was/there were 2 Write the sentences in the negative.

We use there was/there were to say that something existed in the past. 1 I had breakfast this morning.
There was a TV in our living room.
There were two rooms in our apartment. 2 We read the newspapers yesterday.

Singular Plural 3 My dad made dinner last night.

8.3

There was a fridge in our There were a lot of books in 4 We bought a color TV in the 1970s.
+
kitchen. my bedroom.
5 I was at home on Saturday.
There was no/There wasn’t
– There weren’t any CDs.
any freezer.
6 My parents were on vacation last week.

Simple past: irregular verbs 3 Complete the text with the past of be or the simple
The verb be is irregular in the past. A lot of common verbs have an irregular past of the verbs in parentheses.
simple past form, too.
We made a cake yesterday.
I had an English class last week.
We make the negative simple past form of all verbs with didn’t + the base form of the verb.
We didn’t make bread yesterday.
I didn’t have a French class last week.

8.5 I / you / he / she / it / we / they

+ I bought a lot of books in the 1990s.

– I didn’t buy expensive clothes.
In the 19th century, life 1 (be) difficult for a
For a full list of irregular verbs, see page 176.
lot of people. Usually homes 2 (be) pretty
small. There usually 3 (not be) a bathroom
in the house. People 4 (not have) modern
inventions like TVs or radios. They 5 (not
buy) many things, and there 6 (not be) any
computers. But people 7 (read) books and
children 8 (have) toys.

126 Go back to page 67

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 126 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

8C  Simple past: regular verbs and past time

expressions 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Use
We use the simple past to talk about completed actions and situations in the past. affirmative simple past forms.

With regular verbs, we usually add -ed to the base form of the verb. enjoy live play work listen watch
My brother worked as a waiter in London for two years. study want
In the past, children played with traditional toys. 1 In his last job, Tony at a bank.
My brother wanted a bike for his birthday. 2 We to the news on the radio.
I finished my exams last month. 3 She in Berlin in a great apartment.
4 Lena to go out, but her friends were busy.
Spelling rules for regular affirmative simple past -ed endings
5 They tennis in the park yesterday.
We usually add -ed to the verb. 6 My parents a movie online last night.
work ⇨ worked watch ⇨ watched 7 I reading my new book on the weekend.
8 I Spanish in Mexico a few years ago.
When a verb ends in e, we add -d.
dance ⇨ danced live ⇨ lived 2 Complete the sentences with yesterday, last, ago, or in.
When a verb ends in consonant + y, we change the y to i and then we add -ed. 1 Emma called me morning.
study ⇨ studied try ⇨ tried 2 Cameron stayed with us night.
3 I read four books on vacation summer.
When a verb ends in vowel + y, we add -ed. 4 We moved to Chicago eight years .
play ⇨ played enjoy ⇨ enjoyed 5 My dad opened a restaurant the 1980s.
When a verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, we usually double the 6 We watched a terrible movie on TV afternoon.
final consonant and add -ed. 7 1969, a person walked on the moon for
stop ⇨ stopped plan ⇨ planned the first time.
8 Carmen finished college four months .
We make the negative form of regular verbs with didn’t + base form. 3 Write sentences. Use the simple past and complete the
time expressions.
8.12 I / you / he / she / it / we / they
I enjoyed the meal.
I didn’t enjoy the movie last night.
We watched the movie together.
We didn’t watch TV.

Past time expressions

We often use past time expressions with the simple past to say when an action or
situation happened.
I played tennis last week.
I played tennis yesterday morning.
I moved to Spain seven years ago. 1 I / visit / China / 2013
In the 1920s, clothes were very different from now.
2 my family / live / in Australia / 1970s
last evening/night/week/month/year/spring/summer/fall/winter
3 Lucas / not finish / his homework / night
yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
two days 4 Sam and Ellie / celebrate / Sam’s birthday / at a
three weeks ago restaurant / two days
five years
5 the 1990s / a lot of people / listen to / dance music
in 1990/the 1930s/the 18th century

6 my brother / not want / to go to the movies / night

Look! We can say either “yesterday evening” or “last evening.”

Go back to page 71 127

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 127 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

9A  Past: questions

For the past of be, we form questions with was/were + subject. 1 Complete the past questions with the words in
Were you a good student? parentheses.
Was your school near your home? 1 (be/it) sunny yesterday?
Were the exams very difficult? 2 (you/play) golf with Laura?
Was English your favorite subject? 3 (they/enjoy) the game?
For the simple past, we form questions with did + subject + base form of the verb. 4 (be/Paul) good at golf?
5 (you/like) the golf course?
Did you study Spanish in school?
6 (be/it) busy?
Did your parents go to college?
7 (be/your shoes) comfortable?
Did you have toast for breakfast today?
8 (Paul/stay) with you on
the weekend?
9.4 I / he / she / it you / we / they
2 Write short answers to the questions in exercise 1.
Were Tom and Mía in class
Verb ? Was the class interesting? 1 Yes, .
yesterday?
be 2 Yes, .
Y/N Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 3 Yes, .
? Did you have an English class last week? 4 No, .
Other 5 Yes, .
verbs Y/N Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 6 No, .
7 No, .
We can put question words at the start of the question to ask for more information.
8 No, .
What was your favorite subject?
Where did you study? 3 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.
Who was your favorite teacher?
Why did you study history?
When did you finish college?
How was your vacation?
How many students were there in your class?
How much did your dictionary cost?
How long did you stay?
How far did you go?

1 you / a / did / vacation / good / have / ?

2 go / did / where / you / ?

3 on the tour / how many / were / people / ?

4 the / hotels / nice / were / ?

5 have / did / what time / you / dinner in the hotel / ?

6 food / like / the / you / did / ?

7 stay / did / long / how / you / ?

128 Go back to page 77

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 128 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

9C  Verb patterns: verb + infinitive

When we use two verbs together, we need to use the right form for the second verb. 1 Complete the sentences with the infinitive of the verbs
in the box.
We use an infinitive after some verbs. These verbs often (but not always) refer to
plans for the future. check get start run lose make pass talk

9.8 1 I’m learning jewelry.

2 She’s planning classes this fall.
We want go to the movies tonight. 3 Did he agree to you about it?
I hope see you tomorrow. 4 Emilio wants weight.
We’re planning move next year. 5 I need my e-mails.
to
She’d like visit the U.S. 6 Lisa is planning in shape this summer.
My parents need buy a new car. 7 They decided a marathon.
I intend join a gym. 8 I hope my exams this term.
Other verbs that are followed by an infinitive are: begin, choose, continue, agree, 2 Choose one or both options to complete the sentences.
decide, learn, prefer, offer, start. 1 He really doesn’t like to cook / cooking.
2 I’d like to change / changing my diet.
Look! The verbs begin and start can be followed by an infinitive or the -ing
3 Do you like to play / playing sports?
form. The meaning is the same.
4 She’d love to spend / spending more time with her
I began learning English when I was five. / I began to learn English when I was five.
grandchildren.
The bus didn’t come, so we started walking home. / The bus didn’t come, so
5 I like to earn / earning lots of money.
we started to walk home.
6 Would you like to make / making some new friends?
7 He’d love to go / going to college.
The full form of ’d like is would like. It means the same as want, but it is more polite.
I’d like to see your house. 3 Look at Gemma’s New Year resolutions. Then write
Would you like to come on vacation with me? sentences using the verbs in parentheses.
We can also say ’d love/would love + infinitive.
I’d love to go to Australia one day.
Would you like to go to the beach today? Yes, I’d love to!
New Year Resolutions!
Look! We use both an infinitive and the -ing form after like and love. The • learn Portuguese (plan)
meaning is different from ‘d like / ‘d love.
• go to Rio de Janeiro (want)
We like to travel/traveling. We’d like to go to Australia next year.
I love to play/playing soccer. I’d love to play for Real Madrid one day. • join a gym (plan)
• go running three times a
week (want)
• visit my parents more!
(need)
• get a new job (intend)
• save money and buy an
apartment (hope)
• meet someone nice (hope)

1 She is planning to
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Go back to page 81 129

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 129 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

10A  Comparative adjectives

We use a comparative adjective + than to compare two things or people. 1 Complete the sentences with the comparatives of the
The park is nicer than the bus station. adjectives in parentheses.
Los Angeles is bigger than San Francisco. 1 Do you think a walk on the beach is than
The lasagna here is better than the chicken. going to a bowling alley? (romantic)
2 The second date is usually than the first!
10.2 comparative adj + than (easy)
3 Playing video games is than watching TV.
Adam is older than me. (exciting)
Julie is friendlier than Laura. 4 The apartments here are than those
downtown. (large)
Skiing is more dangerous than walking.
5 Sneakers are than sandals for long walks
up mountains. (good)
Spelling rules for comparative adjectives 6 It’s usually here in the spring than in the
When an adjective is one syllable, we add -er. summer. (wet)
fast ⇨ faster old ⇨ older 7 The movies are than the theater. (cheap)
8 Calling someone the wrong name on a date is
When a one-syllable adjective ends in -e, we add -r. than being a few minutes late. (bad)
nice ⇨ nicer safe ⇨ safer
2 Look at the pictures. Choose the correct words and
When a one-syllable adjective ends in a consonant + vowel + include comparative adjectives to complete the
consonant, we double the final consonant and add -er. sentences.
hot ⇨ hotter big ⇨ bigger
When an adjective ends in consonant + y, we usually change
the y to i and then we add -er.
easy ⇨ easier friendly ⇨ friendlier happy ⇨ happier
BUT shy ⇨ shyer dry ⇨ dryer
1 My hair was a lot / a bit when I was
When an adjective is two or more syllables, we usually use JoeJoe 8kg8kg Chris
Chris 16kg
16kg
younger.
more + adjective.
dangerous ⇨ more dangerous crowded ⇨ more crowded Joe Joe
8kg 8Chris
kg Chris
16kg 16kg
modern ⇨ more modern
Some comparatives are irregular. Joe Joe
8kg 8Chris
kg Chris
16kg 16kg
good ⇨ better bad ⇨ worse far ⇨ further/farther Mexico
89388938
km km
Seoul
City City Seoul
Mexico
88678867
km km

2 Joe’s suitcase is much / a little than

Mexico City Seoul Seoul
Mexico City
Look! With some two-syllable adjectives, we usually use -er, not more. Chris’s. 8938 km8938 km8867 km 8867 km

quiet ⇨ quieter narrow ⇨ narrower

Mexico City Seoul Seoul
Mexico City
We can also use less + adjective + than to compare things. 8938 km8938 km8867 km8867 km

I’m less stressed on the weekend than during the week. = I’m more relaxed on
the weekend than during the week.

We can add much and a lot before comparatives to show there is a big difference. 3 Mexico City is much / a little from London
We can add a little or a bit before comparatives to show the difference is small. than Seoul.

much, a lot, a little, a bit

big difference:
New York is much bigger than Boston.
Skiing is a lot more dangerous than walking.
small difference:
Today is a little hotter than yesterday.
The café is a bit more crowded than the restaurant.

130 Go back to page 85

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 130 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

10C  Superlative adjectives

We use a superlative adjective to say that something is more than all the others in 1 Complete the sentences with the superlatives of the
a group. adjectives in parentheses.
New York is the biggest city in the U.S. 1 She’s girl that I know. (pretty)
The park is the nicest place in my town. 2 My friend Sam was person in my class.
The lasagna is the best thing on the menu. (popular)
3 My son’s child in the world! (beautiful)
We use the with superlative adjectives.
4 month of the year here is February. (hot)
New York is the biggest city in the U.S. NOT New York is biggest city in the U.S. 5 Singing in a band is thing that I do.
(exciting)
10.11 the + superlative adj 6 When was day of your life? (happy)
Adam is the oldest person in our class. 2 Complete the sentences with the superlatives of the
Julie is the friendliest person that I know. adjectives in the box.

Skiing is the most dangerous sport. romantic smart nice kind expensive noisy
1 piece of jewelry is this necklace. It cost
more than 100 dollars.
Spelling rules for superlative adjectives 2 You’re person that I know. You understand
When an adjective is one syllable, we add -est. things very quickly.
fast ⇨ fastest old ⇨ oldest 3 My sister is person in my family. She helps
older people with their shopping.
When a one-syllable adjective ends in -e, we add -st. 4 place at school was the cafeteria.
nice ⇨ nicest safe ⇨ safest Everybody talked there!
When a one-syllable adjective ends in consonant + vowel + consonant, 5 Mr. and Mrs. Brown are neighbors. They’re
we double the final consonant and add -est. really lovely people and friendly, too.
hot ⇨ hottest big ⇨ biggest 6 Sam often gives his girlfriend Katia flowers. He’s
of all my friends.
When an adjective ends in consonant + y, we usually change the y to i
and then we add -est. 3 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with
easy ⇨ easiest friendly ⇨ friendliest happy ⇨ happiest comparative or superlative adjectives.
BUT shy ⇨ shyest dry ⇨ dryest
big small
Anna Jodi Fumiko
When an adjective is two or more syllables, we use most + adjective.
dangerous ⇨ most dangerous crowded ⇨ most crowded Anna Jodi Fumiko
modern ⇨ most modern
For some two-syllable adjectives we don’t use most.
clever ⇨ cleverest quiet ⇨ quietest narrow ⇨ narrowest 700 students 500 students 1000 students

Some superlatives are irregular. Anna

700 students Jodie
500 students Fumiko
1000 students

good ⇨ best bad ⇨ worst far ⇨ furthest/farthest 1 Anna’s school is than Jodie’s.
2 Jodie’s school is .
3 Fumiko’s school is .
Look! If we use a possessive adjective directly before the superlative, we
don’t include the. good bad
Emily is my best friend. A D A
What’s your most expensive possession? A D A
AA DD AB
AA DD AB
AB DD BB
AB DD BC
B D B
B D C
Michael Jack Matt
Michael Jack Matt
Michael Jack Matt
4 Matt got grades than Jack on his exams.
5 Michael got grades.
6 Jack got grades.

Go back to page 89 131

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 131 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

11A  have to/don’t have to

We use have to + the base form of the verb to say that something is necessary. 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
We have to wear a uniform in school. 1 I have to / don’t have to drive to work because there
I have to go to work by bus. are no buses or trains near my house.
My brother has to get up at 5:30 every morning. 2 We bought our train tickets online so we have to /
Donna has to call her parents every night. don’t have to buy them at the station.
We use don’t have to + base form to say that something isn’t necessary. 3 Visitors to our office have to / don’t have to sign the
visitors’ book. They can’t go into the building if they
I don’t have to work on Mondays.
don’t sign it.
They don’t have to study today. It’s Sunday.
4 Elena is a waitress and she usually has to / doesn’t
Carlotta doesn’t have to buy a new computer. She got one for her birthday.
have to work on the weekend because it’s a busy time
Simon doesn’t have to cook dinner tonight. He’s at a restaurant.
at the restaurant.
We use have to/don’t have to for situations in the present and in the future. 5 You have to / don’t have to wash those cups. Put them
I have to wear a uniform at work. (present situation) in the dishwasher!
I don’t have to get up early tomorrow. (future situation) 6 We have to / don’t have to walk the dog twice a day
because he needs the exercise.
7 My brother has to / doesn’t have to go far to work. His
11.2 I / you / we / they he / she / it
office is only about a kilometer from his home.
+ I have to work tomorrow. Jack has to take the train to work. 8 My parents have to / don’t have to teach me to drive,
but they’re giving me a lot of lessons at the moment!
– I don’t have to work on Sunday. He doesn’t have to start work
at 7:30. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of have
to or don’t have to.
? Do you have to take the train Does he have to wear a uniform?
today? 1 I’m sorry. I can’t talk now. I go!
2 “ you get up early to go to
Y/N Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. work?” “Yes. I get up at five.”
3 Matt get in shape. He already swims, runs,
Look! We use had to/didn’t have to to say that something wasn’t necessary and plays soccer every week.
in the past. 4 You make dinner. I can do it.
I had to visit my aunt every weekend. 5 children go to school when
We didn’t have to play sports after school. they’re five?
6 My sister teach in a school as part of her
degree in education.
7 We stay at home. Do you want to go for
a walk?
8 What train Paul catch in the
morning?
3 Look at the job information. Complete the sentences
with have to or don’t have to and the verbs from the box.

a uniform ✘ clothes from the store ✔

clothes at full price ✘ customers ✔
after 6 p.m. ✘ on the weekend ✔
a degree ✘ 18+ ✔

buy have work (x2) wear (x2) be serve

1 You a uniform.
2 You clothes from the store, but you
our clothes at full price. You get 50% off.
3 You customers.
4 You on the weekend, but you
after 6 p.m.
5 You over 18, but you a degree.

132 Go back to page 95

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 132 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

11C  be going to and future time

expressions 1 Write sentences. Use be going to.
We use be going to + the base form to talk about future plans. 1 Mark / play / guitar / this evening

I’m going to visit friends in Mexico this year.

He’s going to have pizza for dinner tonight. 2 my parents / go / vacation / tomorrow
We’re not going to stay at a hotel.
What are you going to do this summer? 3 my sister / not run / a marathon / this summer

11.7 I he / she / it you / we / they 4 I / cook / dinner / tonight

I’m going to relax by She’s going to stay We’re going to visit a
+
the pool. at a campsite. museum. 5 you / go / swimming / this afternoon?

I’m not going to She’s not/She isn’t My friends aren’t

6 we / not use / our car / this year
– study this weekend. going to stay at an going to visit me next
apartment. year.
Am I going to meet Is she going to stay Are they going to eat 2 Jamie, Fran, Paola,
? and Alfredo are on
your friends later? at a hostel? out tonight?
vacation together.
Yes, I am. / No, Yes, she is. / No, Yes, they are. / No, Complete the
Y/N
I’m not. she’s not/she isn’t. they’re not/ they aren’t. conversation with the
correct form of be
Look! When the main verb is go, we do not normally use to go after going. going to and a verb
Are you going surfing tomorrow? from the box.
Camille is going abroad next year.
But it is also correct to use to go.
Are you going to go surfing tomorrow? read visit play relax not do take (x2) do go (x2)
Camille is going to go abroad next year.
Jamie What 1 you and Alfredo
tomorrow?
Future time expressions Paola In the morning, we 2 sightseeing
We often use the following future time expressions with be going to: in the city. We 3 the castle and go
shopping. What about you?
this morning / afternoon / evening / week / weekend / month Jamie We 4 running, and then we
/ year / spring / summer / fall / winter / January, etc. 5 by the pool. In the afternoon, Fran
6 a surfing class, and I 7
tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening / night
my book on the beach.
next week / month / year / spring / summer / fall / winter / Paola 8
 Fran a surfing class
January, etc. every day?
in the morning / afternoon / evening / spring / summer / fall Jamie Yes, she is. She really wants to learn.
/ winter / January, etc. Paola Don’t you want to?
Jamie No, I just want to relax. I 9 much this
Look! We say tonight, NOT this night. week. Just a bit of running and swimming.
Paola What about volleyball? Alfredo 10
volleyball this evening. Are you interested?
Today is Monday, January 1st. Jamie Yeah! Thanks!
Monday January 1st this week this morning tonight
Tuesday January 2nd tomorrow morning tomorrow night 3 Today is Monday, March 10th. Write the time
Wednesday January 3rd expressions for the days and times.
Thursday January 4th 1 the morning of March 11th
Friday January 5th 2 March 17–23th
Saturday January 6th this weekend 3 March 10–16th
Sunday January 7th 4 the evening of March 10th
Monday January 8th next Monday next Monday night 5 April
6 Saturday, March 15th and Sunday, March 16th

Go back to page 99 133

▲

862657 _ 0112-0135 rv.indd 133 21/11/2019 13:38

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

12A  Present perfect with ever and never

We use the present perfect to talk about experiences in our lives. 1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
I’ve visited China. 1 Lev has / have worked as a professional dancer.
He hasn’t been to Australia. 2 I’ve never / ever been to an opera.
Have you worked in a restaurant? 3 I has / have acted in a few plays.
We often use ever in a question with the present perfect. It emphasizes that we are 4 Have you ever / Have ever you listened to jazz?
talking about “our whole lives up to now.” 5 Tom doesn’t work here. He’s been / moved to a
different company.
Have you ever listened to classical music?
6 We’ve ever / never visited the museum in my town.
Have your parents ever been to a festival?
We often use never to make a negative sentence with the present perfect. It 2 Complete the sentences with the past participles of
emphasizes that we are talking about “our whole lives up to now.” the verbs in parentheses.
I’ve never tried Russian food. 1 I’ve never a foreign language. (study)
He’s never been to Scotland. 2 I’ve in a restaurant, but I’ve never
in a store. (work)
We form the present perfect with the verb have and the past participle of the main verb.
3 Have you ever volleyball? (play)
4 Has your mother-in-law ever with you?
12.2 I / you / we / they he / she / it
(stay)
+ I’ve visited a lot of castles. He’s been to Vietnam. 5 I’ve never to a classical concert. (be)
6 We’ve never a famous person. (see)
– They haven’t studied Italian. She hasn’t played badminton. 7 We’ve never together. (act)
? Have you stayed in this hotel? Has he worked in London? 8 My sisters haven’t me in New York. (visit)
9 I’ve a lot of Indian food. (cook)
Y/N Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
3 Write short conversations. Use the present perfect.
For regular verbs, the past participle form is the same as the past simple form. It ends
in -ed. See page 127 for the spelling rules for simple past forms ending in -ed.

Look! In the present perfect, we use the past participle -ed form for
negative sentences and questions, as well as affirmative sentences. This is
different from the simple past, where we only use the simple past -ed form for
affirmative sentences. Compare:
Did you visit the National Gallery yesterday?
Have you visited the National Gallery? NOT Have you visit the National Gallery?
I didn’t visit the National Gallery yesterday.
I haven’t visited the National Gallery. NOT I haven’t visit the National Gallery.

Like the simple past, a lot of common verbs have an irregular past participle. For a full
list of irregular verbs, see page 176.

1
Look! When we talk about experiences, we sometimes use been to instead A you / ever / go / to Peru?
of gone to to say that someone went somewhere and returned.
She’s been to London three times. = (She went and returned.) B no / I / never / go / to South America

2
A your mom / ever / study / English?

B yes / and / she / study / German, too

3
A Charlie and Kate / ever / play / rock music?

B no / but / they / play / classical music

134 Go back to page 103

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 134 17/10/2017 17:00

 GRAMMAR PRACTICE

12C  Present perfect and simple past

We use the present perfect to talk about an experience in our lives. We use the 1 Choose the correct words to complete the conversation.
present perfect to introduce a topic and say that it happened. A 1Have you ever been / Did you ever go to Peru?
I’ve met Jennifer Lawrence. B Yes, I have. 2I’ve been / I went with some friends from
I’ve been to New York. college last year.
My sister has started a new job. A Where 3have you been / did you go?
B To Machu Picchu. 4It’s been / It was fantastic.
When we give details about the experience (for example, when something happened,
A I’d love to go there! 5I’ve been / I went to Lima in
what exactly happened, who you were with, or how you felt), we use the simple past.
2010, but not Machu Picchu.
I’ve met Jennifer Lawrence. I met her in a hotel in London. B Machu Picchu is amazing! 6We’ve had / We had a great
I’ve been to New York. I went there in 2005. time.
My sister has seen a shark. She was really scared. A What 7have you done / did you do there?
When we ask for more details about past events, we usually use the simple past, not B 8We’ve been / We went on some incredible hikes.
the present perfect. 2 Complete the conversation with the words in parentheses
Where did you meet Jennifer Lawrence? NOT Where have you met Jennifer using the present perfect or the simple past.
Lawrence?
A 1 (you / ever / see) the movie Selma?
When did you go to New York? NOT When have you been to New York?
B Yes. I 2 (see) it in 2015.
How did your sister feel? NOT How has your sister felt?
A 3 (you / like) it?
We often start a conversation with the present perfect. When we give details about B Yes, it 4 (be) great. David Oyelowo
5 (play) Martin Luther King Jr. very well.
the experience, or ask for them, we change to the simple past.
A 6 (he / win) any awards?
B Yes, he 7 (win) some awards.
12.11 8
A (he / be) in other movies?
Situation Form Example B Yes. He 9 (be) in Lincoln. I 10
Question about an experience Present perfect Have you ever been to Spain? (love) that movie!

Answer Present perfect Yes, I have. 3 Write the conversation. Use the present perfect and
the simple past.
Details Simple past I went there two years ago.
Question asking for details Simple past Did you go to Madrid?
Answer Simple past No, I didn’t. But I went to
Valencia and Málaga.

For a full list of irregular verbs, see page 176.

A you / ever / do / karate?

B yes / I / try / it / two years ago

A what / you / think / of it?

B I / really / like / it

A where / you / learn?

B I / take / classes at the sports center

Go back to page 107 135

▲

641549 _ 0112-0135.indd 135 17/10/2017 17:00