Westminster School

Election Term 2014

5th Form Chemistry

Time: 60 minutes
Name:

80
Set:

5B 5H 5J 5M 5R 5W
Instructions to candidates:

In the appropriate box above, write your name and circle your set no.
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
You will require the use of a calculator.

Information for candidates:

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in square brackets:
e.g. [2].
There are 7 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 80.
A Periodic Table is provided on the back of the paper.

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1. This question is about a super-heavy element.

Physicists have recently created one of the heaviest elements yet,

an atom with 117 protons in its nucleus. This jumbo-sized atom
sits on the outer reaches of the periodic table where bloated
nuclei tend to become less and less stable.

Element 117, for example, has a half-life of about 50 thousandths of a second, meaning
that within that time about half of it will decay into a lighter element.

a) Element 117 has two known isotopes, one with a mass number 293 and the other
with a mass number of 294.

(i) Define the terms mass number and isotope.

Mass number

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]
Isotope

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[2]

(ii) Atoms consist of protons, neutrons and electrons. Complete the following
table giving the relative masses and charges of each.

Particle Relative Mass Relative Charge

Proton 1

Neutron 0

Electron
[2]

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 (iii) Why can scientists safely assume that both isotopes would have the same
chemical properties?

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………
[1]

(iv) It is difficult to measure the exact abundance of each isotope, but assuming
that the approximate values are as in the table below, calculate the relative
atomic mass of element 117. Give your answer to 2dp.

Mass number Abundance (%)

293 62

294 38

[2]

b) In which group of the Periodic Table would you expect to find element 117?

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

c) If a large enough sample were made, in what state what you expect to find element
117 at room temperature?

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

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d) Element 117 was first created by crashing atoms of calcium into atoms of berkelium
at speeds close to the speed of light.

(i) Name the lightest element in the same Group as calcium and state its
electronic configuration.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………
[2]

(ii) Give the symbol of another element in the same Period as Berkelium.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………
[1]

e) Suggest why having a large number of protons in the nucleus can cause an element
to be unstable.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

[Total for Q1 = 14 marks]

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2. This question is about compounds that protect us from the
sun.

Glasses that turn dark in sunlight, and then clear again in the
absence of sunlight, are known as photochromic lenses
(colloquially ‘transition lenses’). Most examples contain
silver compounds, which react to UV (ultraviolet) light from
the sun, producing silver.

The equation for this process is shown below, where the double-headed arrow means
shows that it is reversible.

CuCl + AgCl ⇌ CuCl2 + Ag

a) In what part of the Periodic Table would you find silver?

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

b) Identify the ions present in the other reagent, CuCl, by giving their formulae.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

c) Silver chloride, AgCl, is an insoluble salt that can be made from the reaction of silver
nitrate solution with sodium chloride solution.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction, including state symbols.

[3]

(ii) Give the name and formula of another chloride compound that is insoluble.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………
[2]

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 (iii) Outline a series of experimental steps that would allow you to obtain a pure,
dry sample of silver chloride from the reaction mixture at the end of part (i).

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[3]

d) Silver chloride is a solid at room temperature and has the same lattice structure as
sodium chloride.

(i) Draw the lattice structure of silver chloride.

[2]

(ii) Zinc oxide, ZnO, is also used to protect us from the sun in sun cream. It has
the same lattice structure as silver chloride above. How would you expect the
melting point of zinc oxide to compare to that of silver chloride? Explain your
answer.

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[2]

[Total for Q2 = 14 marks]

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3. This question is about the element carbon.

Diamond, graphite and graphene are all allotropes of

carbon with sublimation points higher than 3000 oC. They
all react with an excess of oxygen to form carbon dioxide,
which has a sublimation point of -78.5 oC.

a) What do you understand by the term sublimation.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

b) Explain the term allotrope as fully as possible.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

c) Draw the structure of graphite.

[2]

d)
(i) Carbon dioxide molecules are held together by covalent bonds. Explain how a
covalent bond keeps the atoms together.

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[2]

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 (ii) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in carbon dioxide,
showing the outer electrons only.

[2]

e) Suggest why carbon dioxide has a much lower boiling point than these allotropes of
carbon.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[3]

[Total for Q3 = 11 marks]

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4. This question is about various chemical
compounds.

The first part of the question refers to the

compounds in the table below, some of which are
coloured in solution and some which are not.

A HCl F FeCO3

B CuO G K2Cr2O7

C Cu2O H NaOH

D CuSO4 I VSO4

E Al2O3 J ZnCl2

a) Give the appropriate letter for;

(i) one compound which is blue;

[1]

(ii) one compound which forms a solution with pH of around 13;

[1]
(iii) two compounds which react together to produce a gas;

[1]
(iv) the compound that contains a positive ion with the highest charge.

[1]

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b) Why do compounds B and C have different formulae, even though they contain the
same elements?

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

c) Compound G contains the dichromate anion, Cr2O7n –. From the formula of

compound G, deduce the value of n.

[1]

d) Give a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between compounds A and H.
State symbols are not required.

[2]

[Total for Q4 = 8 marks]

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5. This question is about whiskey tasting!

Many single malt whiskies have a smoky aroma and flavour due to the
introduction of smoke from a peat-heated fire during their manufacture.

This ‘smokiness’ is caused by a class of compounds known as ‘phenols’.

The simplest compound in this class is phenol (C6H5OH).

a) Phenol is a weak acid, with a similar acidity to ethanoic acid.

(i) Define the term acid.

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

(ii) How might you show that a solution of phenol was acidic? Give the test you
would perform and the expected positive result.

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[2]

(iii) What is meant by the term weak when describing phenol as a weak acid?

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….……

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

[1]

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b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of phenol with sodium
carbonate, given that one of the products is the salt sodium phenoxide (C6H5ONa).
State symbols are not required.

[2]

c) Unrefined whiskey contains solid impurities, which need to be removed first before
the alcohol content of the whiskey is then increased by separating it from the water.
Give the name of the chemical separation techniques used for each of the refining
steps.

Removal of the solid impurities: …..……………….……………………………………….………

Separating alcohol and water:……………………….………………………………….…………….

[2]

[Total for Q5 = 8 marks]

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6. This question is about the element fluorine.

Fluorine is a highly toxic gas that is a member of Group 7 in the periodic table. Due to its
high reactivity, you will never come across it in the lab, but you may assume that its
chemistry follows the expected trend within its group.

a) Give the common name for the elements of Group 7.

…………………….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]
b)
(i) Fill in the following table giving the appearance of the Group 7 elements in
their standard states and in aqueous solution. You should suggest the
expected state and a colour for astatine.

Standard Colour in Colour in aqueous

Element
state standard state solution
Fluorine Gas Yellow Colourless

Chlorine

Bromine Brown

Iodine Solid Brown

Astatine Very dark brown

[4]

(ii) Given the similarity in appearance between bromine and iodine in aqueous
solution, describe a simple chemical test that could be used to distinguish the
two, giving the expected results for each element.

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[3]

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c) Although unlikely in practice (because it is so reactive), fluorine could be used to
produce fluoride salts, which are used in many commercial products, such as
toothpaste and bottled water.

(i) Explain why the reactivity of the halogens decreases as you descend the
group.

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[2]

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of fluorine with sodium
bromide, including state symbols.

[3]

(iii) Describe what you would see during the above reaction.

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

(iv) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram of the ionic product in the reaction above,
showing all electrons.

[3]

[Total for Q6 = 17 marks]

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7. This question is about a car crash!

The airbag in a car contains a compound called sodium azide,

which breaks down according to the equation below when a car
crashes.
2 NaN3 (s) → 2 Na (s) + 3 N2 (g)

There is around 200 g of sodium azide in a passenger airbag,

which is all converted into nitrogen gas within 40 ms of impact [1 ms = 1 x 10-3 s].

The table below shows how much nitrogen is produced over time when a car crashes.

Time / ms 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Vol. of gas / cm3 0 7500 14000 15960 17000 18100 19100 19100 19100

a) Plot the above data on the graph below. Use an appropriate scale and label your
axes. Draw a curve of best fit.

[2]

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b) Use your graph to answer the following.

(i) How much nitrogen gas is produced by the time the airbag is fully inflated?

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

(ii) After what time has the reaction finished?

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

(iii) How would the graph change if 100 g of sodium azide was used in the airbag
instead?

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

c) The sodium produced in this reaction is hazardous. It reacts readily with water.

(i) Describe two observations that you would make if you reacted sodium with
water in the lab.

1. ……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….…

2. ……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….…
[2]

(ii) How would the reaction differ if potassium was used instead?

……….…………………….…………………….…………………….………………………………….………
[1]

[Total for Q7 = 8 marks]

[Total for paper = 80 marks]

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