Homework: Heat and Specific Heat Capacity

Practice Problems page 281 #1-10

1. How much heat must be added to a 36.2 g sample of iron to increase its temperature by 250.0⁰C
Q = mcΔT
Q = (36.2 g)(0.449 J/g⁰C) (250.0 ⁰C)
Q = 4063.45 J
Q = 4060 J
Q = 4.06kJ

2. How much heat must be added to 128.62g of steam at 126.0⁰C to increase its temperature to 189.5⁰C?
Q = mcΔT
Q = (128.62 g)(2.02 J/g⁰C) (189.5 ⁰C – 126.0 ⁰C)
Q = (128.62 g)(2.02 J/g⁰C) (63.5 ⁰C)
Q = 16 498.0874 J
Q = 16 500 J
Q = or 16.5 kJ

3. A 1.00 x 102 g sample of ethanol at 25.0⁰C is heated until it reaches 50.0⁰C. How much thermal energy does the
ethanol gain?
Q = mcΔT
Q = (1.00 x 102 g)(2.44 J/g⁰C) (50.0⁰C –25.0⁰C)
Q = (1.00 x 102 g)(2.44 J/g⁰C) (25.0⁰C)
Q = 6100 J
Q = 6.1 kJ

4. Beaker A contains 50 g of liquid at room temperature. The beaker is heated until the liquid increases in
temperature by 10⁰C. Beaker B contains 100 g of the same liquid at room temperature. The beaker is also heated
until the liquid increases in temperature by 10⁰C. In which beaker does the liquid absorb more heat? Explain
your answer
Because it is the same liquid and the change in temperature is the same but Beaker B has twice as much liquid, the
liquid in Beaker B would absorb twice as much heat.

5. How much heat is released when the temperature of 789g of liquid ammonia decreases from 82.7⁰C to 25.0⁰C?
Q = mcΔT
Q = (789 g)(4.70 J/g⁰C) (25.0 ⁰C –82.7 ⁰C)
Q = (789 g)(4.70 J/g⁰C) (-57.7 ⁰C)
Q = -213 968.91 J
Q = 214 000 J
Q = 214 kJ

6. A solid substance has a mass of 250.00 g. I t is cooled by 25.00⁰C and loses 4.937 kJ of heat. What is the specific
heat capacity of the substance? Identify the substance using the values in Table 5.1.

Q = mcΔT
Q
c =
mΔT
(4937 J)
c =
(250.00 g)(25.00 ⁰C)
c = 0.78992 J/g ⁰C
c = 0.79 J/g⁰C
Therefore the substance in granite
7. The specific heat capacity of a compound used in fireworks is 0.800 J/g⁰C. If it takes 8.04 x 10 3 J to heat this
material from 20.0 ⁰C to 925.0 ⁰C, what mass of compound was used?

Q = mcΔT
Q
m =
c ΔT
(8.04 x 103 J)
m =
(0.800 J/g ⁰C)(925.0 ⁰C – 20.0 ⁰C)
m = 11.1048 g
m = 11.1 g

8. One litre of water at 1.00 ⁰C is warmed by the addition of 4.00 kJ of heat. What is the final temperature of the
water? (1.00L of water has a mass of 1.00 kg)

Q = mcΔT ΔT = Tfinal – Tinitial

Q 0.955⁰C = Tfinal – 1.00 ⁰C
ΔT =
mc Tfinal = 1.95 ⁰C
(4000 J)
ΔT =
(1000 g)(4.19 J/g ⁰C)
ΔT = 0.9546 ⁰C
ΔT = 0.955⁰C

9. On a warm day, how much solar energy does a 3.982 kg piece of concrete absorb as heat if its temperature
increases from 13.60 ⁰C to 14.50 ⁰C?
Q = mcΔT
Q = (3982 J)(0.88 J/g ⁰C)(14.50 ⁰C – 13.60 ⁰C)
Q = (3982 J)(0.88 J/g ⁰C)(0.90 ⁰C)
Q = 3153.744 J
Q = 3200 J
Q = 3.2 kJ

10. You have samples of air and hydrogen gas at room temperature, both having a mass of 10.00 g.
a. Compare the change in temperature of these two samples if each gains 500.0 J of thermal energy.
air

Q = mcΔT
Q
ΔT =
mc
(500.0 J)
ΔT =
(10.00 g)(1.01 J/g ⁰C)
ΔT = 49.50⁰C

Hydrogen

Q = mcΔT
Q
ΔT =
mc
(500.0 J)
ΔT =
(10.00 g)(14.304 J/g ⁰C)
ΔT = 3.496⁰C

b. Suggest a reason for the difference in the temperature changes.

There are more molecules of hydrogen in 10.0g of hydrogen then there is in 10.0g of air. The energy will be
distributed among a larger number of H2(g) molecules so each will gain less energy than in the air sample