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Nanoparticles

The document discusses nanoparticles, which are materials that have at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Nanoparticles can be made through top-down or bottom-up synthesis techniques and are classified based on their composition, which includes carbon-based, metallic, ceramic, semiconductor, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. The document also outlines some applications of nanoparticles in areas like drug delivery, manufacturing, electronics, energy harvesting, and more. It notes advantages like increased drug stability and delivery options, as well as disadvantages such as limited drug loading and potential toxicity. Recent discoveries highlighted include genetically engineered cellular nanoparticles and nanoparticles used in batteries and biohydrogen production.

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31 views20 pages

Nanoparticles

The document discusses nanoparticles, which are materials that have at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Nanoparticles can be made through top-down or bottom-up synthesis techniques and are classified based on their composition, which includes carbon-based, metallic, ceramic, semiconductor, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. The document also outlines some applications of nanoparticles in areas like drug delivery, manufacturing, electronics, energy harvesting, and more. It notes advantages like increased drug stability and delivery options, as well as disadvantages such as limited drug loading and potential toxicity. Recent discoveries highlighted include genetically engineered cellular nanoparticles and nanoparticles used in batteries and biohydrogen production.

Uploaded by

LEXTER SOLIS
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NANOPARTICLES

Nanoparticles
Diverse class of materials.

Have at least one dimension less


than 100 nm.

Made up of three layers:


1. Surface Layer
2. Core
3. Shell Layer
SYNTHESIS
OF NANOMATERIALS
TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE FOR
PRODUCING NANOPARTICLES
BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
Involves building up approach.
Examples: sol gel, green synthesis, spinning, and
biochemical synthesis

TOP-DOWN APPROACH
Involves a destructive approach.
Examples: physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical
vapor deposition (CVD), grinding/milling, and other
decomposition techniques
top-down approach
bottom-up approach
CLASSIFICATION
OF NANOPARTICLES
Carbon-Based NPs
Have pentagonal and hexagonal
carbon units.
Hybridized with sp2.
Important kinds:
1. Fullerenes
2. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Metals
Pure metal precursors are used
to create metal nanoparticles.
Have special optoelectrical
properties.
LSPR (localized surface
plasmon resonance) features.
ceramics
Heat- and successively-cooled
inorganic nonmetallic solids.
Can be found in:
1. Amorphous
2. Polycrystalline
3. Dense, porous, or hollow forms
semiconductors
Have characteristics that fall between
those of metals and nonmetals.
Have broad band gaps.
Crucial components of:
1. Photocatalysis
2. Photo optics
3. Electronic devices
polymerics
Are often organic in nature.
Have nanosphere or
nanocapsular shapes.

lipid-Based
Useful in numerous biomedical
applications.
Has a diameter of 10 to 1000 nm.
Spherical in shape.
Have a solid lipid core.
Matrix consisting of soluble lipophilic
molecules.
APPLICATIONS
OF NANOPARTICLES
Applications
01 02 03 04 05 06

Drug and Manufacturing Applications Electronics Energy Mechanical


medications and Materials in the Harvesting Industries
Environment
ADVANTAGES/
DISADVANTAGES
OF USING NANOPARTICLES
ADVANTAGES
NP drug carriers have higher stabilities.
Have higher carrier capacity.
Feasibility of incorporation of both
hydrophilic/hydrophobic substances.
Feasibility of variable routes of administration.
Are biodegradable, non-toxic and capable of being
stored for longer periods.
Used for controlled delivery of drugs.
Avoids hepatic first pass metabolism.
DISADVANTAGES
Polymeric NP possess limited drug-
loading capacity
On repeated administration, toxic
metabolites may be formed
Are relatively slowly biodegradable
High cost
Reduce ability to adjust the dose
Requires skills to manufacture
RECENT
DISCOVERIES
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CELLULAR NANOPARTICLES FOR
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

FE2VO4 NANOPARTICLES ON RGO AS ANODE MATERIAL


FOR HIGH-RATE AND DURABLE LITHIUM AND SODIUM ION
BATTERIES

EFFECT OF NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM GREEN


EXTRACTS ON DARK FERMENTATIVE BIOHYDROGEN
PRODUCTION
NANOPARTICLES

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