SHS Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: [email protected]/ Tel. No. (045) 470 - 8180

English for Academic and

Professional Purposes
Quarter 1: Week 2
Learning Activity Sheet
 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name of Learner: Grade 11/12 Quarter 1- Week 2

Section: Date:

Using Text Structure to Glean the Information and Use Various Techniques in Summarizing a
Variety of Academic Texts
Background Information:
As a senior high school student, there are a lot of texts to be read. It is an advantage in
your part to think of some tips on how to reduce the number of times you are going to read a
specific text. One way of dealing with this is by looking at the text structure.. Most of the times,
students are asked to identify the topic of the story, lesson of the story and so on. This is
generally, identifying the different text structures.

According to Dickson, 2015. Text structure refers to how the information within a written
text is organized, that can be either fiction or nonfiction, is organized. This strategy helps
students understand that a text might present a main idea and details.
Another thing to consider is summarizing. It is a way of reducing text to its original length,
retaining the author’s main points and giving emphasis to his/her meaning. Summarizing
includes a work’s thesis statement or topic sentence simply and accurately. Also, it involves the
gist or main idea, useful information or key words or phrases that help you meet your reading
purpose. Why use summarizing? According to Jones, 2015. It helps students learn to determine
essential ideas and consolidate important details that support them.
Writing a summary is an essential skill in critical reading. As a student of English for
Academic and Professional Purposes, you must develop this certain skill for it helps you to better
understand the academic texts you read, and eventually leads you to writing academic and
professional papers.

Hi, my name is Peter. I am a senior high student and currently enrolled in

English for Academic and Professional Purposes (EAPP) subject. There
are a lot of texts I have read, but the problem is I don’t know how to
understand it easily. Would you like to help me and give me some tips on
what are the things to consider?

Hello, Peter! I am Franz! I am a grade 12 student now and I am done

taking the subject EAPP. So, I am here to help you! You have to consider
the use of text structure to glean the information you need and uses the
various techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts for you to
easily understood the text you’re reading.

What is text structure? (Dymock, 2005)

❖ it refers to how the text is organized.
❖ it helps the students to easily understand the story or the passage that they read.
❖ it is also a way of knowing how the students remember the information presented in the
text.
❖ it is the way an author organizes information to achieve a purpose.

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Practice Paragraphs
Living in a barrio is very different from living in a City. There are no tall business establishments in
barrio. All you can see are houses, fields, and sky. The air is fresh and clean. It is so quiet at night
that you can hear the crickets chirping. In City, you may bump into someone with every step that
you take, but in Barrio you may walk miles before seeing another person or houses. The similar
things about the two places are they both serves as a place where a person can live.
-Compare and Contrast
Explanation: This text examines the similarities and differences between two or more things.
(Barrio and City)

Environmental problems are one of the concerns these days. There are tons of garbage all over the
place. Environmental issues were not a matter of concern in the past. It can also be seen that the
most significant environmental issues of today are global warming, climate change, and the
greenhouse effect. Because of this, environmentalists and other concern citizens provided rising
awareness, some of them have become more cautious about the environment.
-Problem and Solution
Explanation: This text explains the problem and provides solution

An atoll is an island in the ocean formed by a ring of coral. It can take as long as 30 million years
for a coral atoll to form. First, far out in the ocean a volcano erupts and creates an island. Coral reefs
grow up around the island. Then, weather and other reasons cause the volcano to sink. The reefs
that surrounded it are left behind. The water inside the reef is called a lagoon. The volcano
completely disappears. Send collects on top of the coral and creates islands called atolls. Finally,
Plants and animals settle on the larger islands.
-Chronological Sequence (*adapted from literacyleader.com*)
Explanation: This text explains the step by step process.

Every spring, shortly after the tulips bloom, farmers in Holland go through the tulip fields and cut
the blooms of tulips. This seems strange, because it leaves a field full of green stems. However, it
makes the colorful tulip blooms grow back even bigger and stronger later that spring.
-Cause and Effect (*adapted from literacyleader.com*)
Explanation: This text presents the causal relationship between a specific event.(ex. during spring)

The Kapampangan language is closely related to others of the central Philippines, all of which
belong to the Austronesian(Malayo-Polynesian) family of languages. The Kapampangan homeland,
which extends north from Manila Bay, has a relatively high population density. Many
Kapampangans are tenant farmers and landless workers. Artists of the group are mostly potters,
jewelers, lantern makers, blacksmiths, and wood-carvers.
-Description (Kuiper, 2006)

Explanation: The text provides a description to a particular thing or event.

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SUMMARIZING TEXTS (Barrot and Sipacio, 2016)
❖ It is reducing the text to its original length, retaining the author’s main points, and giving
emphasis to his/her meaning.
❖ It is used to determine the essential ideas in a book, article, book chapter, an article, or
parts of an article.

Common Text Structure (Barrot and Sipacio, 2016)

Description- This type of text structure features a detailed description of somethingto give the reader
a mental picture.
Problem/Solution- This type of text structure sets up a problem or problems,explains the
solution, and then discusses the effects of the solution.
Order/Sequence- This text structure gives readers a chronology of events or a listof steps in a
procedure.
Compare and Contrast- This type of text examines the similarities and differences,between two
or more people, events, concepts, ideas, etc
Cause and Effect- This type of structure gives the reasons of why somethinghappened,
and then gives its results.

VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A

VARIETY OF ACADEMIC TEXTS
Below are the tips mentioned by Abellanosa and Achacoso (2020) in their module in EAPP
for Region X Senior High School Students.
1. Read the work first to understand the author’s intent. This is a crucial step because
an incomplete reading could lead to an inaccurate summary. Note: an inaccurate
summary is plagiarism!
2. To avoid difficulty, you need to know the main points and the supporting details.You
can exclude any illustrations, examples, or explanations.
3. One of the summarization techniques you can do is to present information through facts,
skills, and concept in visual formats. You can provide the cause and effects charts,
timelines, and Venn diagrams, templates for outlines, use flow charts or infographics.
4. You need to analyze the text to save time in thinking what you will do.
5. Think what information you will put in your summary. Be sure to cover the mainpoints and
arguments of the document.
6. One of the best things to do in auto summarizing is restating the words into different
one. You should avoid using the original words of the author, instead; use your own
vocabulary but be sure to retain the information.
7. You will fully understand what the document is when you organize all ideas
8. 8. One of the things you can do is to write down all information in a coherent and precise
form. Keep in mind that a summary is a condensed version of the original paper, so avoid
making it long.
9. 9. You can also decide to represent information through using dimensional
constructions in representing concepts, skills, or facts.
10. Paraphrasing is one of the skills you can do in writing a summary. With it, do not
use the same words with the author.
11. 4
 Example:
Remember! With the tips above, you will no longer worry whenever you need to
summarize because it is your one stop solution to having a fantastic summary that offer nice
details to readers. Follow the tips and you will not make mistakes.

The Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House is one of the most famous architectural wonders of the
modern world. Instantly recognizable both for its roof shells and its impressive location in
Sydney harbour, it has become one of the best-known images of Australia. Situated close
to Sydney Harbour Bridge, this large performing arts centre was started in 1959 and
completed in 1973. After a competition to choose the design, the Danish architect Jorn Utzon
was chosen. The Opera House includes five theatres, five rehearsal studios, two main halls,
four restaurants, six bars, and several shops.The construction of the Opera House was fairly
controversial as the final cost of the building was much higher than predicted. It was
expected to cost $7 milllion, but in fact, the final cost was $102 million. This was due to
difficult weather conditions, problems with structural design, and changes to contract. The
remarkable roof shells were also difficult to construct. Furthermore, the construction too
longer than planned. Completion of the building was initially expected in four years, in 1963.
Unfortunately, because of the many problems and changes which were necessary in the
design, the building was not completed until ten years later, in 1973.It was inaugurated by
Queen Elizabeth 2 on 20th October 1973, and millions of people attended the ceremony.
The event was televised, and included a fireworks display and classical music performance.
• Most famous architectural wonders of the modern world
• Recognisable both for its roof shells
• Location in Sydney harbour
• Performing arts centre
Started in 1959 and completed in 1973
Competition: the Danish architect Jorn Utzon
• Five theatres, five rehearsal studios, two main halls, four restaurants, six
bars, and several shops.
• Inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth 2 on 20th October 1973
• Controversial: expected $7 milllion / the final cost $102
• Difficult weather conditions, problems with structural design, and changes to
contract.
Summary

The Sydney Opera house, has been described as ‘one of the wonders of the modern world’, is located
in Sydney Harbour, Australia. Designed by Danish Architect, Jorn Utzo, this large performing art
centre with numerous theatres, restaurants and other facilities, took fourteen years to build at a cost
of over $100 million. The construction was seen as controversial as it was estimated to only cost $7
million but adverse weather, design difficulties and contractual problems made expenses spiral out
of control. It was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II in 1973 at a ceremony televised to the world.
Adapted from Philpot, S and Curnick, L. (2011). Headway Academic Skills, Level 3. OUP

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Learning Competency with Code:
Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs and Uses various
techniques in summarizing a variety of academic texts (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-4 and CS-
EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-4)

Directions/ Instructions:

Read carefully the directions indicated in the following exercises then provide what is
needed or asked in each item.

Exercises/Activities

A. Read the following texts very carefully. Identify the common text structure presented.
Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Reading a book is one of the ways on how to overcome the stress caused by the
pandemic. Reading is a means for language acquisition, communication and sharing of
information and ideas. It is also helpful to widen your vocabulary. Because as you read
unfamiliar words you have the chance to look in the dictionary and look for the meaning
of it.
a. description c. problem-solution
b. comparison/contrast d. cause and effect

2. The pandemic that we are experiencing right now is the cause of an infection due to a
bacterium or virus becomes capable of spreading widely and rapidly. Because of this the
world is currently dealing with a global outbreak that affected day to day life and our
economy is getting slow. The result is the pandemic has rapidly affected the businesses,
disrupted the trades and industries and a lot more.
a. description c. problem-solution
b. comparison/contrast d. cause and effect
3. Working from home is different from working at office. Both are good, and both serves
their purpose. Work from home is a lot better because it helps you manage your time
effectively. If there are home chores you can easily help the members of the family, while
the other one it lessen the time being with your family. But at some point, working from
home gives you a little bit of stress because of the deadlines and paperworks to be
submitted online. The problem may vary according to the situation, for example internet
disconnection and the like.
a. description c. problem-solution
b. comparison/contrast d. cause and effect

4. In the spring, today lay their eggs in ponds, lakes, and puddles. Then, tiny tadpoles come
out of the eggs. The tadpoles live in the water for several weeks. Next, the tadpoles start
to develop back legs, and then front legs. Finally, the tadpoles lose their tails. They are
ready to come out of the water- as tiny, tiny toads.
a. order- sequence c. problem-solution
b. description d. cause and effect

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5. Students often complain about their study habits. One of the problems students may
encounter during his/her study is the lack of sleep. They cannot submit their projects,
assignment and activities on the set deadline. Some of the students are using their vacant
time to browse their internet and post something online. One of the best ways to answer
this problem is by making a timetable. By means of this they can now easily work with the
assignments, projects and activities assigned to them.
a. order- sequence c. problem-solution
b. description d. cause and effect
B. Read the text below. After reading, write the text structure presented of paragraph 1-5.

SELF DISCIPLINE IN THE AMIDST OF PANDEMIC

The corona virus or known for the name Covid-19, According to health experts believe that the new
strain of coronavirus likely originated in bats or pangolins. The first transmission to humans was in Wuhan,
China. Since then, the virus has mostly spread through person-to-person contact. (Goodwin, 2020). Later on
this corona virus has spread drastically in many parts of the world. And to be exact, March 11, 2020 when
the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 as pandemic.

At this time of pandemic there are a lot of problems an individual may experience. It can be either
internal or external problem. But let us consider managing ourselves by mean of achieving self-discipline.
This may be difficult but in order to have a healthy and professional life.One must take a look at this. He/She
might experience problem on dealing with everyday living.

Because of the problem caused by the pandemic. One of the best ways to achieve self-disciplined
person makes optimum use of time, provide a timetable for everything and will fall into it’s proper places.
The reason why a lot of people feel they lack self- discipline it is because they lack cleargoals to
achieve. Then often lack of clear plan, self -confidence, and a lot more. What is the cause of this? Once you
set a goal for example and then you miss it. That’s the time where the effect of that day will ruin everything
you have planned. But that’s okay, you can start over and over again. Then later on the good thing is, when
you think about the things you already manage to do, the goals you already have, you might have realized
that you are achieving something at the end of the day.
How to maintain inner peace in the midst of this pandemic? First is to have a self -
discipline that means self -control, it gives you the ability to control yourself from everything
especially right now. It helps you deal with your actions and reaction in different aspects of life.
Second is to do meditation, the best way to connect our energy in the right way. It helps you
maintain your focus and think of the most important things. Lastly, stay away from distractions or
negative vibes. Although this may happen at times, but make sure to have a balance on how to
deal with it.
The life we had before the pandemic is really different from the life we have today. There
are things we usually do before the pandemic happens. Before, people can easily earn money
because they have the assurance of being paid by their institution. But now, Everyday people are
losing jobs and income with no way of knowing when normality will return. No matter what happen
we have to remember that everything happens for a reason. Through self -discipline, It is one of
the most important and useful skills to achieve success and everyone should possess this quality
especially during this time.

Then, write a summary. Apply the knowledge learned about text structure and
summarizing texts. Use another separate sheet of paper.

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Reflection:
How well have you learned the lesson? Tick (/) a box of your answer. One answer for every
statement.

Items Strongly Moderately Disagree

Agree Agree
I learned what a text structure is.
I learned the value/importance of text structure and the way you
summarize a text.
I learned how to summarize a text using various techniques.
I learned how to simplify various texts.

What have you learned from the Learning Activity Sheet? Write 2-3 sentences foryour
answer.
References:
Abellanosa and Achacoso. 2020. English for Academic and Professional Purposes for Senior High School.

Learner’s Material. Department of Education. Region X.

Barrot, J. and Sipacio, P.J. 2016. “Communication Today: English for Academic and Professional Purposes forSenior High
School.” C & E Publishing, Inc.

Buckley. 2004. “Fit to Print: The Canadian Student’s Guide to Essay Writing (6th ed.)” Toronto.

Dymock. 2005. “Text Organization and its relation to Reading Comprehension.” A synthesis of research. JPWilliams Publishing
house.

Philpot, S and Curnick, L. 2011. Headway Academic Skills. Last modified August 31, 2020. https://elt.oup.com

/catalogue/items /global/adult _courses/ headway_ academic_skills/?cc=ph&selLanguage=en

Simonsen, S. 2012. “Identifying and Teaching Text Structures in Context Area Classroom.” Instructional Strategies(2nd ed.).
Needham Heights.

Answer Key
Writer: Marife R. Waje
A. 1. a B.
2. d
3. b 1. Description Evaluator: John John J. Flores, PhD
4. a 2. Problem/Solution
5. c 3. Cause and Effect
4. Order/Sequence Reviewed: Carmela T. Perez
5. Compare and Contrast EPSvr

Reymar D. Paguio, PhD

EPSVr-English