Quick Guide to Citations and References

using the Harvard Style

Welcome to the quick guide to citation and referencing for Arden University students. Please note if
you are a Psychology or a Law student, different referencing styles may apply to your module –
please consult ilearn and your module tutor.

If you are unsure of anything regarding referencing, please contact your module tutor or post in the
Study Skills Q&A forum on ilearn.

Referencing is an important skill for any student writing academic essays and projects. There is an
expectation that your work will make use of existing sources. In order to avoid plagiarism, you must
always acknowledge sources that you use that are not your own. You may directly quote from a
source, paraphrase (writing another person’s ideas in your own words) or summarise (pick out the
key points of someone else’s work).

The Arden University regulations about plagiarism can be found in your Student Handbook.

When you submit your work to Arden University it will be put through a programme called Turnitin.
This is a reference checker which determines if there is any material that is incorrectly referenced.
You can use this to check drafts of your work. There is a guide to interpreting your Turnitin report on
the Study Skills area of ilearn.

Below is a table of examples showing the different types of citation and reference for the materials
you may use in your work.

Source Type Reference List Format Reference List Example In text example/s
Book (1 Author’s Surname, Gross, R., 2015. As Gross (2015, p.33) said,
author) INITIALS., Year of Psychology: The Science of "theory and practice
Publication. Title [online (if Mind and Behaviour. 7th should…"
an e-­ book)]. Edition. Place edition. London: Hodder
of Publication: Publisher Education. A more recent study (Gross
2015) stated…

Theory arises out of

practice and the two are
inextricably linked (Gross
2015).

AU Harvard Referencing Quick Guide 1

 Source Type Reference List Format Reference List Example In text example/s
Book (2 or Author’s Surname, Smith, M., and Lowe, A., Smith and Lowe
more INITIALS. and Author 2012. Socially responsible (2012) say that...
authors) Surname, INITIALS., Year of sourcing. 4th Edition.
Publication. Title [online (if London: Purley “Quotation” (Smith and
an e-­ book)]. Edition. Place Lowe 2012, p55)
of Publication: Publisher

Book (3 or Author’s Surname, Browning, M., Clarke, J., Browning et al. (2016) say
more INITIALS., Author Surname, Mitchell, T., 2013. A Study that...
authors) INITIALS., Author Surname Guide for Students. 6th
INITIALS., Year of Edition. London: Hodder “Quotation” (Browning et
Publication. Title [online (if Education al. 2016, p48)
an e-­ book)]. Edition. Place
of Publication: Publisher

Article Only list the work you have Malcolm, A., 2016. As Fox argued (cited in
quoted or read in the reference list. Advanced Research Malcolm 2016) the…
referenced Methods. 4th Edition.
in another Oxford: OUP “Quotation” (Fox cited in
source Malcolm 2016, p246)

Chapter in Author of chapter’s Cudney, E.A., 2015. Cudney (2015) argued

an edited surname, INITIALS., Year of Development of Strategic that...
volume publication. Title of Quality Metrics for
contribution. In: Surname, Organisations. In: Sampaio, “Quotation” (Cudney 2016,
INITIALS., of author/ editor P. and Saraviva, P., eds. p57)
of publication followed by 2016. Quality in the 21st
ed. or eds. if appropriate. Century: Perspectives from
(Year of publication, if ASQ Feigenbaum Medal
different to contribution). Winners. 2nd edition.
Title of book [online] (if Switzerland: Springer, 57-­
applicable). Edition (if not 68.
the first edition). Place of
publication: Publisher, Page
number(s) of contribution.

Downloaded Author/Editor Surname, Milton, A., 2012. The good Milton (2012) argues
E-­ book INITALS., Year. Title [type of study guide [Kindle edition]. that...
e-­ reader]. Edition. Place of London: Macmillan
publication: Publisher if “Quotation” (Milton
given 2012, chapter 2)

AU Harvard Referencing Quick Guide 2

 Source Type Reference List Format Reference List Example In text example/s
Journal Author Surname, INITIALS., Hames, M., 2014. Hames (2014)
article (print Author Surname, INITIALS., Fixing the Future. Business suggests...
or online) Author Surname INITIALS., Strategy Quarterly [online].
Year of Title of Article. Title 77(6), 455-­­456 “Quotation” (Hames 2014,
of Journal [online (if p456)
appropriate)]. Volume
number and (part number),
Page numbers of article

Webpage Author/Editor Surname, Chartered Trading Standards CTSI (2016) states that...
INITIALS., Year. Title of Institute. Regulatory
webpage. Place of Consultancy Services “Quotation” (CTSI 2016)
publication: Publisher. [online]. London: CTSI.
Available from: URL Available from:
[Accessed date] http://www.tradingstandard
s.uk/advice/RegulatoryCons
ultancy.cfm [Accessed 4
August 2016].
Newspaper Author’s Surname, The Times, 2016. Rush to An article from The Times
or Magazine INITIALS., (or withdraw savings as (2016) suggests that...
Newspaper/Magazine negative interest rate
Title,) Year of publication. looms. The Times, 4 August “Quotation” (The Times
Title of article. Title of 2016, 2b. 2016)
newspaper/magazine, Day
Month Year, Page
number/s and column
number (a, b, c etc.).

Online Author’s Surname, INITIALS Monbiot, G., 2016. The Monbiot (2016) argues
Newspaper (or Newspaper/Magazine climate crisis is already here that...
or Magazine Title) Year of publication. – but no one’s telling us.
Title of article. Title of The Guardian [online], 04 “Quotation” (Monbiot
newspaper/magazine August 2016. Available 2016)
[online], Day Month Year. from:
Available from: URL https://www.theguardian.c
[Accessed date]. om/commentisfree/2016/a
ug/03/climate-­ crisis-­­media-­
relegates-­­greatest-­
challenge-­ hurtle-­ us-­
collapse-­ planet [Accessed 4
August 2016].

AU Harvard Referencing Quick Guide 3

 Source Type Reference List Format Reference List Example In text example/s
Photographs Photographer/Artist’s Ogden, E., 1982. Falklands In Figure 4, Ogden (1982)
or Images Surname, INITIALS., Year of Conflict Yorke Bay shows...
publication. Title of image [photograph]. London:
[type of image]. Place of Imperial War Museum. Eric If including the
publication: Publisher if Ogden Collection. 9FKD illustration in text, it
given. Collection Details if 2546, 27, IWM Archive should be labelled with
available (Collection, London. a figure number and
Document number, short description e.g.
Geographical Town/Place: Figure 4: Falklands
Name of Conflict Yorke Bay
Library/Archive/Reposit (Ogden 1982).
ory).

Online Photographer/Artist’s Orland, R., 2002. In Figure 4, Orland (2002)

Photograph Surname, INITIALS., Year of Newcathedral.jpg shows...
or image publication. Title of image [photograph]. Coventry:
[type of image]. Place of historiccoventry.co.uk. If including the
publication: Publisher (of Available from: illustration in text, it
online image) if given. http://www.historiccoventr should be labelled with
Available from: URL y.co.uk/cathedrals/newcath a figure number and
[Accessed Date]. edral.jpg [Accessed 7 short description e.g.
August 2016]. Figure 4: Coventry
Cathedral (Orland 2002).

Social Media Author's Surname, INITIALS., Hassan, T., 2015. Arden As Hassan (2015)
(e.g. blogs, Year. Title of entry. Title of University lays down the suggests...
Facebook, website [online]. Day Month law with new course
online Year. Available from: URL offering. “Quotation” (Hassan
discussion [Accessed Date]. www.notgoingtouni.co.uk 2015).
forum) [online]. 17 November
2015. Available from:
http://www.notgoingtouni.
co.uk/blog/arden-­­
university--­lays-­­down-­ the-­
law-­ with-­ new-­ course-­­
offering-­ 2990 [Accessed 8
August 2016].

AU Harvard Referencing Quick Guide 4

 Source Type Reference List Format Reference List Example In text example/s
YouTube Originator, Year. Title [type, The Late Late Show with As evident in the online
format]. Place of James Corden, 2015. Stevie video by James Corden in
publication or production Wonder Carpool Karaoke the Late Late Show
(if given): Publisher or [video, online]. Available (2016)...
Producer (if given). from:
Available from: URL https://www.youtube.com/ “Quotation” (The Late
[Accessed Date]. watch?v=qqrvm2XDvpQ Late Show with James
[Accessed 8 August 2016]. Corden 2015)

Film Title, Year. (For films the London has Fallen, 2016. As evident in the film
preferred date is the year of [film, DVD]. Directed by London has Fallen (2016)...
release in the country of Babak Najafi. Santa Monica,
production.) [type, format]. CA: Lionsgate. “Quotation” (London has
Production credit (e.g. Fallen 2016)
Director or Producer).
Production place:
Production company.

AU Harvard Referencing Quick Guide 5