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Energy

The document discusses energy requirements and basal metabolic rate (BMR). It defines energy and BMR, and explains that BMR is the minimum energy needed to sustain vital functions at rest. Factors like age, height, growth, body composition, fever, stress, temperature, fasting, and thyroid levels can affect BMR. BMR is typically measured using the Atwater-Benedict-Roth apparatus and calculated based on oxygen consumption and surface area.

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Kailash Nagar
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214 views

Energy

The document discusses energy requirements and basal metabolic rate (BMR). It defines energy and BMR, and explains that BMR is the minimum energy needed to sustain vital functions at rest. Factors like age, height, growth, body composition, fever, stress, temperature, fasting, and thyroid levels can affect BMR. BMR is typically measured using the Atwater-Benedict-Roth apparatus and calculated based on oxygen consumption and surface area.

Uploaded by

Kailash Nagar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING

COURSE NAME : DIPLOMA IN GENERAL NURSING


& MIDWIFERY
ACADEMIC YEAR : FIRST YEAR
SUBJECT NAME : COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
(NUTRITION)
UNIT : 3rd
TUTORIL TITLE : ENERGY

Prepared by :
Mr. Kailash Nagar
Assistant Professor
BASAL METABOLIC RATE
ENERGY
Body requires energy for its proper functioning. Energy is required
for the optimum growth and development of body. Main source of
energy are fat, carbohydrate and protein.
Definition : It is defined as strength and vitality required for the
sustained physical and mental activity.
Measurement of Energy : The unit of energy is kilocalories
1 Kcal = 4.184 KJ (Kilo Joule)
1000 Kcal = 4.84 MJ (Mega Joule)
1 KJ = 0.239 Kcal
239 Kcal = 1 Mega Joule
Calorie : It is a unit of energy.
Energy Requirement
Energy required of individual is based on three components :
• Basal metabolism : Energy required for basal metabolism is
more than 1 Kcal per hour for every kg. of body weight.
• Energy required for daily activities like walking, running, sitting
etc.
• Energy required for work.
Factor affecting energy requirement :
• Weight
• Age
• Physical Activity
• Climate
• Sex
 i. The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the energy
 required by an awake individual during physical,
emotional and digestive rest. It is the minimum amount
of energy required to maintain life or sustain vital
functions like the working of the heart, circulation, brain
function, respiration, etc. The metabolic rate during sleep
is less than BMR.

 ii. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the measure of


energy required to maintain life or vital functions. The
subject is awake and non fasting.It is approximately
about 3% higher than the BMR.
ENERGY BALANCE
 Energy in = calories consumed per day.
 Energy out = basal metabolic rate (BMR) +
thermic effect of foods, + physical activity per
day.
 Small increments in calories consumed per day
or week can contribute to weight gain over time.
 i. The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the energy
 required by an awake individual during physical,
emotional and digestive rest. It is the minimum amount
of energy required to maintain life or sustain vital
functions like the working of the heart, circulation, brain
function, respiration, etc. The metabolic rate during sleep
is less than BMR.

 ii. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the measure of


energy required to maintain life or vital functions. The
subject is awake and non fasting.It is approximately
about 3% higher than the BMR.
F A C T O R S THAT A F F E C T B M R
 Age – B M R higher in youth. Lean body mass
declines with age; physical activity can offset this
effect.
 Height – tall people have larger surface area.
 Growth – children & pregnant women have
higher BMR’s
BMR CONTINUED
 Body composition – more lean tissue,
higher B M R
 Fever – raises B M R
 Stress
 Environmental temperature
 Fasting/starvation, lowers B M R
 Malnutrition, lowers B M R
 Thyroxine – regulates B M R
MEASUREMENT OF BMR
• i. Procedure: Atawater -Benedict-Roth basal
metabolism
• apparatus (closed circuit method) is used.
• The person should be awake, but at physical and
mental rest. The temperature of surroundings should be
comfortable (about 2 5 ˚ C ) . The subject breathes in
oxygen from a metal cylinder. The CO2 produced is
absorbed in soda lime. The subject is asked to breathe
through a mouthpiece for 6 minutes. The oxygen present
in the cylinder is utilized during this time. The volume
of oxygen consumed is recorded.
CALCULATION OF BMR

• The B M R is calculated from oxygen


consumption, calorific value and surface area.
Let oxygen consumed in 6 minutes be "Y" liters.
calorific value of oxygen is 4.8, that is,
when 1 liter of oxygen is utilized, 4.8
kilocalories are generated.
Heat produced in 6 minutes = 4.8 × Y or
Heat produced in 24 hours = 4.8Y × 10 × 24
kilocalories
• Normal Value for B M R
• i. Since B M R is affected by body surface area, it
is usually expressed in kilocalories per hour/square
meter of body surface. Body surface area is calculated
using the formula (Eugene DuBois and Delafield
DuBois, 1915).
• A=W 0.425 × H 0.725 × 71.84
• where A = area in sq cm,
H = height in centimeters and
W = weight in kilograms.
• The B M R is then calculated from the values of oxygen
consumption, calorific value and surface area.
NORMAL VALUE FOR BMR
For adult men normal value for B M R is 34-
37 kcal/square meter/hour, and

For adult women, 30-35 kcal/Sq.m./hour.

For easier calculations, B M R for an adult is fixed


as 24 kcal/ kg body weight/day.
Thank You

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