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Math P.4 Notes

Set B is an empty set { } Qn. What are the characteristics of empty sets? Characteristics of empty sets: 1. They contain no elements or members. 2. They are represented by the symbol { } or ∅ 3. All empty sets are equal. 4. The number of elements in an empty set is zero. 5. An empty set is a subset of every set. 6. The union of any set with an empty set is the set itself. 7. The intersection of any set with an empty set is an empty set. Activity: 1. Name the following sets: i) { } __________

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Math P.4 Notes

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P.4 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTES

BREAKDOWN FOR TERM I, II & III

THEME 1: SETS

TOPICS: SET CONCEPT

- Definition of sets
- Examples
- Set symbols
- Set descriptions

Types of sets

- Equal and unequal sets

- Equivalent and non equivalent sets
- Intersecting and non intersecting sets
- Odd and even sets
- Union sets
- Empty sets
- Difference of sets
- Complement of sets
Venn –diagrams
- Shading regions
- Describing shaded regions and unshaded regions
- Filling information on the venn diagram
- Using venn diagram to solve problems
- Subsets
- Forming subsets
- Finding number of subsets

THEME 2 : NUMERACY

TOPIC: 1 WHOLE NUMBERS

- Forming using the given digits

- Place values up to hundreds thousands
- Value numbers using place values, values and powers
- Finding the expanded numbers
- Writing figures in words
- Writing words in figures

ROMAN NUMBERS

- Changing from Hindu – Roman

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- Changing from Roman to hindu –Arabic
- Application of Roman numerals
TOPIC 4: FRACTION
- Illustration showing part of a whole
- Types of fractions
- Equivalent fractions
- Finding unknown in equivalent fraction
- Reducing fraction
- Ordering fraction according to values
- Changing mixed numbers to improper fractions and fractions with the same
denominators
- Word problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions
- Mixed number (addition and subtractions)
- Multiplication of fraction by fraction
- Multiplication of fraction by a whole number
- Application
TOPIC II: OPERATION OF NUMBERS
- Addition of whole numbers
- Word problems involving addition
- Subtraction of whole numbers
- Word problems involving subtraction
- Multiplication of whole numbers
- Word problems
- Comparing numbers using less than, greater than and equal to (<,> and =)

TOPIC 3 : NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Number patterns
- Whole numbers
- Natural numbers
- Even numbers
- Odd numbers
- Prime numbers
- Composite numbers
- Square numbers
- Filling in the missing numbers
Multiplication of numbers
- Common multiples
- Lowest common multiples (LCM)
Factors of numbers
- Common factors
- Greatest common factors (G.C.F/H.C.F)
TOPIC 5: DECIMALS
- Places values of decimals
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- Values of decimal fractions
- Writing decimals in words and vice-versa
- Changing vulgar fraction to decimals and vice-versa
- Changing mixed fractions to decimal fractions and vice-versa
- Addition of decimals
- Ordering of decimal fraction using numberline

FRACTIONS PART ONE

- Definition
- Types of fractions
- Writing fractions in words
- Finding equivalent fractions
- Finding unknown equivalent fractions
- Writing fractions in words and vice versa
- Changing improper fractions to a mixed number
- Changing a mixed number to improper fractions
- Shading fractions
- Reducing fractions
- Ordering fractions
- Comparing fractions using >, < or =
- Addition of fractions
- Multiplication of fractions
- Application of fractions
FRACTIONS PART TWO (DECIMALS)
- Changing common fractions to decimals
- Changing decimals to common fractions
- Writing decimals in words
- Writing decimals in figures
- Place values of decimals
- Values of decimals
- Expanding decimals using values and places values
- Finding expanded decimals
- Comparing decimals
- Ordering decimals
- Addition of decimals
- Subtraction of decimals
- Multiplication of decimals
DATA HANDLING
- Drawing and interpreting pictographs
- Drawing and interpreting tallies
- Interpreting bar graphs and line graph

GEOMETRY
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- Drawing lines and angles
- Naming lines and angles
- Drawing and naming geometric shapes
- Drawing and naming solid shapes
- Naming parts of solid shapes
- Drawing circles using radius
- Drawing and measuring lines
- Right angles and angles on a straight line
- Angles in a triangle
- Complementary and supplementary angles
MONEY
- Identifying money notes and coins
- Identifying features on money notes and coins
- Writing money in figures
- Addition of money
- Multiplication of money
- Simple shopping rates
- Shopping list
- Simple shopping bills
- Finding loss
- Finding profit/gain
TIME
- Telling time using a half past , a quarter past, half to and a quarter to
- Writing time in digital form
- Changing hours to minutes
- Changing minutes to hours
- Subtraction of time
- Addition of time
- Finding duration
- Adding years and months
- Adding weeks and days
- Subtraction of weeks and days
- Changing days to hours
- Changing hours to days
- Changing weeks to days
- Changing days to weeks

LENGTH

- Changing metres to centimeters

- Changing centimeters to meters
- Identifying objects to measure length
- Addition of meters and centimeters
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- Subtraction of metres and centimeters
- Changing kilometers to metres
- Changing metres to kilometers
- Addition of kilometers and meters
- Subtraction of kilometers and meters
PERIMETER
- Finding perimeter of regular shapes
• Triangle
• Square
• Rectangle
• Kite
- Finding perimeter of irregular shapes
AREA
- Finding area of a rectangle, square and triangle
- Finding area of combining figures
- Difference of area
CAPACITY
- Identifying objects to measure capacity
- Addition of litres and half litre
- Addition of litres
- Changing litres to militaries
- Changing militres to litres
- Addition of litres and milliliters
- Subtraction of litres and milliliters
- Changing kilograms to gramme
- Addition of kilogram and gramme
- Multiplication of kilogram and gramme

VOLUME

- Identifying objects that contain volume

- Finding the volume of the cube and cuboid
ALGEBRA
- Writing letters in short forms
- Using letters for numbers
- Using letters to find perimeter of different figures
- Collecting like terms
- More about collecting like terms
- Formation of equations
- Solving equations involving addition, subtractions, division and multiplication
- Subtraction
- Substitution

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WEEK 1
PD 1
THEME: SETS
TOPIC: SET CONCEPT
What is a set?
• A set is a collection of well defined members put together.
Note:
• A member is an object that belongs to the given set.
• An element is another name to be a member.

DRAWING SET SYMBOLS AND NAMING THEM

Symbols Name Symbols Name

{ } or Empty /null/void set ⊂ subset of

Equivalent to ⊂ not subset of

≡

= Equal to ∩ Intersection of
Not equal to
U Union set

∑ Universal set B1 Complement of set

B/Set B complement
Not equivalent to n(A) Number of elements of
≡ set A.

Activity:

1. Name the symbols below.

a) ⊂ _____________ b) ≡ _____________

c) ∑ _____________ d) ⋃ _____________

e) n(K) _____________

2. Draw the symbols for the sets below.

i) Set P complement _______

ii) Intersection of _______

iii) Empty set _______

iv) Equal to _______

v) Subset of _______

3. List down any four examples of sets.

EVALUATION:
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__________________________________________________________________

Empty sets

Qn. What are empty sets?

These are sets without members or elements

Note: The symbol for empty set is { } or

Examples

i) Set P = { P.4 girls without heads}

Set P is an empty set { }

ii) Set B = {A car with four legs}

Set B is { }

iii) Set X = {glass that cannot break}

Set X is { }

iv) Set K = {rabbit without hair and fur}

Set K is { }

DESCRIPTION OF SETS

Describing and naming sets

Examples: Describe the following sets

a) Set A = {a, e, i, o, u}

Set A is a set of vowel letters.

b) Set K = {January, February, March, April}

Set K is a set of the first four months of the year.

c) Set H = {first six odd numbers}

List down the element of set H

Set H = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}

ACTIVITY:

1. Use empty or not empty set to complete the statement below.

i) Set F = {daughters who are as old as their mothers}

ii) Set Q = {cars which can fly like helicopters}

iii) Set K = {bulls which produce milk}

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iv) Set A {birds without wings}

2. Describe the following sets.

i) Set Y = {October, November, December}

3. List down the elements between zero and ten}

i) Set K = {even numbers between zero and ten}

ii) Set M = {counting numbers less than five}

iii) Set V = {multiples of 3 less than 20}

WEEK 1

PD 4

TOPIC: SET CONCEPT

Equivalent sets and non equivalent sets.

Equivalent sets

These are sets with the same number of members.

Symbol “ ”

Examples

a) A = { , , } B={ , , }

Set A has 3 members and B has 3 members

Set R set R

b) R = { , , , } S = { m, n, t, p, q}

Set R has 4 members and set S has 5 members.

Set R set R

Exercise

Use equivalent sets or non-equivalent sets

1. A={ , , } B= { , , }

Set A has __ members and set B has _ members.

Set A and B are ______ sets.

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2. D={ , , } M = { }

Set D has ___ members but set M has _ members.

Set D is _______ to set K.

3. L={ , , } M= { , , }

Set L has _ members and set M has ___ members.

Set L is ____ to set M.

4. N={ , } K = { , }

Set N has _ members and set K has __ members

Set N is ________ to set K.

Use or to describe the sets below.

5. A = (a, e, i, o, u} B= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Set A has ____ members and set B has ___ members.
Set A is ____ to set B.

6. D = {P, Q, R} E = {X, Y, Z}
Set D has ___ members and set E has ____ members.
Set D is ____ to set G.

7. F = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8} G = {x, y, x}
Set F has ___ members and set G has _____ members.
Set F is ______ to set G.

8. P ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5} T = {b, e, d, f}
Set P has ____ members and set T has ___ members
Set P is ____ to set T

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WEEK 1
PD 5
THEME: SETS (TOPIC: SET CONCEPTS)

Equivalent and equal

Equal sets
Equal sets are sets with the same number of members which are exactly the
same.
Equivalent sets
Equivalent sets have the same number of objects.

Examples
a) If set A = {a, e, i, o, u} and B= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Set A is set B

b) C = {T, O, P} and D = {P, O, T}

Set C is = set D

Activity
Write equal or equivalent sets
S K
a) b)
1, 2 4, 2
3, 4 3, 1

Set S and set K are _____ sets.

P L
4, 2, 1, a, b, c,
b) 3 5 dL e
Set P and set L are ____ sets.

c) K = {boy, girl} L = {m, n} Set K is _____ to set L.

d) P = {s, u, n, a} F = {e, v, i, l} Set P is _____ to set F.

Intersection of sets

Intersection sets are sets with common members

Symbol is “ ∩ ”

Joint sets are also called intersection sets.

Examples

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a) Set P = {a, b, c, d, e} Q = {a, e, i, o, u}

Find P ∩ Q = {a, e}

b) A = { , , } B={ , , , }

A∩B{ , }

c) D = { X, Y, Z, W} Q = {4, 5, 6, 7}

D∩K =

ACTIVITY

Write intersection sets of these sets.

Find:

a) Set A= {a, b, c} B = {b, d, e, f} (A∩B) =

b) P = {a, e, i, o, u} Q = {a, b, c, d, e, f} (P∩Q)

c) M = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Q = {3, 4, 7} (M∩N) =

d) L = {0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8} K = {6, 8, 7, 5} (L∩K) =

e) X = { , , } Y={ , , , } (X∩Y) =

EVALUATION

Intersection and union of sets

Examples

1. Set P = { a , b , c , d , e } and Set Q = { a , e , i , o , u }

Find (P ∩ Q)
Solution Find (P n Q)
P={a,b,c,d,e} P={a,b,c,d,e}
Q={a,e,i,o,u} Q={d,e,i,o,u}

(P ∩ Q) = { a , e } (P U Q) = { a , b , c , d , e , i , o , u }

2. Given that set A = { ,, , } and set B = { , , , }

i) Find (A ∩ B) ii) What is (A U B)?
A={ , , , } A={ ,,, }

B={ , , , } B={ ,,,}

(A ∩ B) = { , } (A U B) = { ,,,,, }

Exercise

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1. P Q
book , star
triangle ball
phone

What is (P ∩ Q)?

2. F = { Teddy , Kapere , Okello , Teo }

M = { Teo , Lumonde , Okello)
a) Find (F ∩ M)
b) What is (F U M)

3. Given M = {x , y , z , w , v}
N={r,s,t,u,v,w}
Find; i) (M U N)
ii) (M ∩ N)

4. Given that set R = {all vowels} and S = { first 6 alphabetical letters}

a) List down members of set R and set S
b) Find (R ∩ S)
c) What is n(R ∩ S)?
d) Find (R U S)

5. K L
Blue Green a) Find; i) (K ∩ L)
Red Yellow ii)(K U L)

6. If P = { l , m , n , q , r } and Q = { m , p , x , r }
a) List members of (P U Q)
b) List members of (P ∩ Q)

WEEK 1:

PD 7

THEME: SETS (TOPIC: SET CONCEPT)

Finding intersection and union sets using a venn diagram

Examples

a) If P = {a, e, i, o, u} and Q {a, b, c, d, e}

P Q
i o a
bc
u e
d

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P∩Q = {a, e}

PUQ ={o, i, u, a, e, b, c,d}

b) Given T = {Wanwire, magino, Isingoma, ochwo}

V = {Aziz, Nankunda, Tabaro, Majorie}

T V
Ochwo
Isingoma Aziz
Magiro
Wabwire Ankunda
Tabaro

What is TUV?
TUV = {Ochowo, Isingoma, Wabwire, Magiro, Aziz, Ankunda, Tabaro}
TnV = {Magiro}

Activity
1. Given {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} B = {3, 4, 6, 8, 9}
a) Use a venn diagram to show the sets above.
b) Find i) A∩B ii) AUB

2. Use the venn diagram below to answer questions.

D K
r
xy uv
e
z w
t

a) Find DUK b) Work out D∩K

P Q
3. Doreen Halima
Kenneth Betty Apuuli
Dan Cate
Betty

a) Show the set P and Q on a venn diagram.

b) Find P∩Q c) Find PUQ

4. A = {p, q, r, s, t} B = {p, q, r, s, t, u, v, x}

a) Show sets A and B on a venn diagram.

c) What is AUB?

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5. P = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} Q = {2, 4, 6, 8}
a) Show sets P and Q on a venn diagram.
b) What is P∩Q?
c) Find PUQ?

Finding number of elements in the union and intersection sets

1. Given P = {a, e, i, o, u} and Q = a, b, c, d, e}
i) Find n(P∩Q}
ii) P∩Q = {a, e}
iii) n{P∩Q} = 2

b) n(PUQ)
PUQ = {i, o, u, a, e, b, c, d}
n(PUQ) = 8

A B
0
3, 4 5,6
2. 7
2

a) How many members are in set A n B?

AnB = {0,2}
n(AnB) = 2

b) How many elements are in set AUB?

AUB = {3, 4, 0, 2, 5, 6, 7}
n(AUB) =7

Activity

a) Given
P Q
Ali Magiro
Ron Musa
Irene
Sula Cissy

Find i) PnQ ii) n(PUQ) iii) n(PnQ)

b) Set K = {x, y, z, t} and Z = {a, e, I, o, u}

Find n(KnZ) n(KUZ)

c) P = {1, 2, 3, 4} Q = {2, 4, 6, 8}
i) How many elements are in set P?
ii) How many elements are in set Q?

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iii) How many elements are in set PnQ?
iv) How many elements are in set PUQ?

d) A B
1
3, 4 6
5
2

i) Find the number of members in set A.

ii) Find the number of members in set B.

iii) Find n(AnB)

iv) Find n(AUB)

EVALUATION

WEEK 1: PERIOD 8
THEME: SETS
TOPIC: SET CONCEPT

Difference of sets
Examples
a) Given A = {a, b, c, d, e} B = {d, e, h,i, f,g}
Find A __ B = {a, b, c}
B __ A {h, i, f, g}

b) P ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Q = {7, 5, 1, 2, 9}
Find i) Q __P ii) P __ Q
Q __ P = {7, 9} P __ Q {3, 4}

Activity
a) A = {a, b, c, d, e} B = {a, e, i, o, u}
Find i) Q __ P
ii) B __ A

b) P = {x, w, y, z} Q = {w, z, p}
Find i) P__ Q ii) Q __ P

c) M = {1, 3, 5, 9} N = {3, 2, 0, 7, 9}
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Find: i) M __ N ii) N __M

d) K = {Alex, Musa, Ali, Kigonza} L = {Mao, Musa, Ali}

Find: i) L K ii) K L iii) n(L __ K)

e) F = {a, b, c, d, e} R = {a, e, i o, u}

Find: i) R F ii) F R

Using a venn – diagram

Examples
A B
Find i) A __ B
Abdul
Sarah A = {Abdul, Betty}
Betty Joseph
ii) n(B__ A}
B __ A = {Joseph)
n(B __A) = 1

iii) How many elements are in A –B

A – B = { Abdul, Betty}
n( A – B ) = 2

Exercise

a)
A B
2
3, 5 6
7
4 8

Find i) n(A __B) ii) B- A

b)
M N
0
3
5
2

Find i) n(M__N) ii) N – M

c) Find: i) L- K ii) n(K – L)

K L
a
dg c
e f
b
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EVALUATION

Self Evaluation
Strong points: ____________________________________________________________
Weak points: _____________________________________________________________
Way forward: _____________________________________________________________
WEEK 2:
PD 1
THEME: SETS
TOPIC: SET CONCEPT

Describe shaded regions of a venn diagram in set form

ExamplesA
B P Q

A∩B PUQ
M Y
N Z

M –N Z–Y
P
P
R
R

Set P Set R

B
L
A
K

A∩B K∩L

R Z

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R∩N

Exercise

Draw and shade the following Regions describe below on a venn diagram.

a) K-L b) L - K c) Set M∩Z d) A∩P

e) Set NUM

Describe the Shaded regions below.

K
L M
Z

____________ ___________

P
P R
Q
T

EVALUATION

WEEK 2:
PD 4
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: Numeration System and Place values
Forming numerals from digits

Examples
a) Write any 3 digit figure formed by the digits 3, 7, 5
375, 753, 573
b) Write the smallest number or numeral that can be formed using digits
7, 2, 3, 6
Smallest = 2, 3, 6, 7
= 2, 367
c) What is the biggest number or numeral that can be formed from the
following:

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digits = 1, 5, 2, 8, 3?
biggest = 8, 5, 3, 2, 1
= 85, 321
d) Find the difference between the largest and smallest numeral gotfrom
3, 7, 5
Smallest numeral 3, 5, 7 largest numeral 7, 5, 3
357 7 53
Difference = 753
= - 357
396

Sum = 7 5 3
+3 57
1110

Exercise

a) Form two numerals from the digits 3, 9, 2

b) Form the largest numeral got from the digit 3, 1, 5
c) Form the smallest numeral got from 4, 5, 1, 8
d) Find the sum of the largest and the smallest numeral got from 1, 7, 2
e) What is the difference between the largest and smallest numeral got
from digits 3, 5, 2.
f) Give any two numbers that can be formed using the digits below.
i) 2, 5, 3, 7 ii) 9, 2, 6, 7, 8

g) What is the difference between the smallest and the largest number
that can be formed using the digits below?
i) 2, 7 5
ii) Find the sum of the largest and the smallest number that can
be formed from the above digits.

WEEK 2:
PD 5
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: Numeration System and Place values
Subtopic: Forming numerals from digits

Examples

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Qn. Given the digit 9, 3, 8.

i) List down all the possible 3 digit numbers that can be got by using the above
digit.

Soln: 9, 3,8. First re-arrange the digits in order of their size i.e

3,8,9./

The numbers are : 389 839 938

398 893 983

ii) find the difference between the largest and the smallest numbers formed in
i) above.

soln: Difference = 81713

983
-389
594
iii) What is the sum of the largest and the smallest numbers formed above?
soln: Sum = 9 8 3
+ 389
1372

Activity:
1. Given the digits 7, 2, 5.
a) List down all possible 3 digit numerals that can be formed using the
digits above.

b) Find the sum of the largest and the smallest numbers formed in a)
above.
c) Workout the difference between the largest and smallest numbers
formed in a) above.

2. Use the digits 4, 7, 8 and 2 to answer questions that follow.

a) Write down the largest numeral that can be formed using the
above digits.
b) Find the place value of the largest digit.
c) What is the value of the smallest digit?
d) Write the number formed in a) above in expanded form.

3. Give the digits 5, 1, 3. Write down all the numbers that are greater
than 350.

EVALUATION

Self Evaluation

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Strong points: ____________________________________________________________
Weak points: _____________________________________________________________
Way forward: _____________________________________________________________
WEEK 2:
PD 6
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: Numeration System and Place values

Place values of numbers

Examples
a) What is the place value of the each digit in the number below?
32065.
T.TH TH H T O
3 2 0 6 5
Ones
Tens
Hundreds
Thousands
Ten thousands

b) What is the place value of 3 in the number 3 4 9 2?

TH H T O
3 4 9 2

Thousands
The place value of 3 is thousands.

Exercise
a) Find the place value of the underlined digits.
i) 40561 ii) 93812
iii) 72554 iv) 34500
iv) 12645 v) 67821

b) In the number 382, what is the place value of?

i) 3 ii) 8 iii) 2
c) Find the place value of each digit in the number.
i) 2483 ii) 403 iii) 67821

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WEEK 2:
PD 7
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: Numeration System and Place values

Values of numbers
Examples
What is the value of each digit in the number?
a) 7 4 6 3 2

7 4 6 3 2
2x1 = 2
3 x 10 = 30
6 x 100 = 600
4 x 1000 = 4000
7 x 10,000 = 70000

b) What is the value of 3 in the number 2345?

2 3 4 5

5x 1 = 5
4 x 10= 40
3 x 100 = 300

The value of 3 = 300

Examples
1. Find the value of each digit in the number.
a) 249 b) 2483

2. Find he value of the underlined digits givern below

a) 5 4 1 b) 7 0 3 2 c) 1 1 9 3 6
d) 4 0 5 6 1 e) 7 2 5 5 4 f) 3 4 5 0 0
g) 5 8 0 42 h) 9 3 2

EVALUATION

WEEK 2:
PD 8
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: Numeration System and Place values
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Expanding numbers
a) Using values

Examples
Expand 7, 432 using values
7, 4 3 2 = 7 4 3 2

2x1 = 2
3 x 10 = 30
4 x 100 = 400
7 x 1000 = 7000

7, 432 = 7000 + 400 + 30 + 2

b) Expand 93,458 using values

93458 = 9 3 4 5 8
8x1 = 8
5 x 10 = 50
4 x 100 = 400
3 x 1000 = 3000
9 x 10,000 = 90,000

93, 458 = 90,000 + 3000 + 400 + 50 + 8

Exercise
Expand the following numbers using values
a) 340 b) 342 c) 1,245 d) 5,347

e) 3,672 f) 235 g) 62,894 h) 7,845

i) 78,764 j) 99,845

Expanding numbers using place values

Examples
1. Expand 7,432 using place values
7432 = 7 4 3 2

(2 x 1)
(3 x 10)
(4 x 100)
(7 x 1000)

7432 = (7 x 1000) + (4 x 100) + (3 x 10) + (2 x 1)

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2. Expand 93,458 using place values
93,458 = 9 3 4 5 8
(8 x 10)
(5 x 10)
(4 x 100)
(3 x 1000)
(9 x 10,000)

93,458 = (9 x 10,000) + (3 x 1000) + ( 4 x 100) + (5 x10) + (8 x 1)

Exercise
Expand the following numbers using place values.
a) 235 b) 677 c) 645 d) 3,786
e) 4,538 f) 6, 781 g) 86,862 h) 78,764
i) 7,845 j) 99,845

EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: ____________________________________________________________
Weak points: _____________________________________________________________
Way forward: _____________________________________________________________
WEEK 3:
PD 1
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMERACY SYSTEM AND PLACE VALUES
Writing numbers in short
Examples
1. Write in short
7000 + 400 + 30+ 2
7000
400
30
+ 2
7432

2. (9 x 10,000) + (3 x 1000) + ( 4 x 100) + (5 x 10) + (8 x 1)

90,000 + 3000 + 400 + 50 + 8
90,000
3,000
400
50
+ 8
93,458

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3. (7 x 103) + (4 x 102) + (3 x 101) + (2 x 100)
7 x 10 x 10 x 10 + 4 x 10 x 10 + 3 x 10 + 2 x 1
7000 + 400 + 30 + 2
7000
400
30
+ 2
7432

Exercise
Write the following as single numbers
1. (4 x 100) + (8 x 10) + (6 x 1)
2. (3 x 1000) + (0 x 100) + (7 x 10 ) + (5 x 1)
3. (8 x 100) + (6 x 10) + (3 x 1)
4. 500 + 90 + 1
5. 20,000 + 4000 + 800 + 10 + 5
6. 90,000 + 600 + 4
7. 6000 + 5
8. (9 x 1000) + (3 x 100) + (2 x 10) + (1 x 1)
9. (7 x 10000) + (4 x 1000) + (3 x 100) + (2 x 10)
10. (2 x 1000) (3 x 1)

EVALUATION

WEEK 3
PD 2
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMERATION SYSTEM AND PLACE VALUE

Write figures in words

1. Write in words 841

841 800 Eighty hundred

41 Forty one
841Eight hundred forty one
2. 2, 841
2841 2000 Two thousand
800 Eight hundred
41 Forty one
2841Two thousand eight hundred forty one

2. 45,617
45,617 45,000 Forty five thousand
600 Six hundred
17 Seventeen
45,617Forty five thousand six hundred seventeen

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Exercise

Write the following in words

a) 364 b) 3, 528 c) 7,801

d) 12,214 e) 18,146 f) 23, 113

67, 678 h) 99, 466 i) 9,999

EVALUATION

WEEK 3
PD 3
THEME: NUMERACY SYSTEM AND PLACE VALUES

Writing numbers in figures

Examples

1. Write “Twelve thousand eight hundred thirty two” in figures.

Twelve thousand = 12, 000
Eight hundred = + 800
Thirty two = 12,832
Twelve thousand eight hundred thirty two = 12,832

2. Write eight hundred fifty two in figures

Eight hundred 800
Fight hundred + 52
Eighty hundred fifty two 852

3. Nine thousand six

Nine thousand = 9000
Six + 6

Nine thousand six 9006

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Exercise

Write the following in figures.

1. Fourteen thousand, eight hundred sixty two.

2. Seventeen thousand, eight hundred forty nine.
3. Twenty thousand, eight hundred fifteen.
4. Twenty six thousand, three hundred eight.
5. Nineteen thousand, four hundred eighty.
6. Nineteen thousand, four hundred thirty three.
7. Thirty four thousand, two hundred seventy one.
8. Thirty six thousand, ninety eight.
9. Forty nine thousand, four hundred.
10. Forty four thousand, four.
EVALUATION

2. Write 27.24 in words

27. 24 = Twenty seven point two four
= Twenty seven and twenty four hundredths
3. Write 107. 2 in words

107.2 = One hundred seven point two

= One hundred seven and two tenths

4. 2381. 9 = Two thousand three hundred eight one point nine

Two thousand three hundred eighty one and nine tenths.

Exercise

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Write the following in words

a) 3.9 b) 73.5 c) 506. 3

d) 813. 2 e) 62.4 f) 91.72

g) 5.32 h) 121.5 i) 813.2

j) 1468.3

Writing the following in words

Examples

1. Twenty five and three tenths

Twenty five 25.

Three tenths 0.3

Twenty five and three tenths = 275.1

2. Write two hundred seventy five and one tenths in figures

Two hundred 200.
Seventy five 75.
One tenth 0.1
Two hundred seventy five and one tenths = 275. 1

Exercise
Write the following in figures
1. Thirty four and three tenths
2. Sixty two and one tenths
3. Eighty one and seven tenths
4. One hundred eleven and four tenths
5. Nine and six tenths.
6. Two hundred sixty two and five tenths
7. One hundred sixty two and five tenths.
8. Three hundred eighty and fifteen hundredths
9. Two hundred seventy one and nineteen hundredths
10. Six thousand three hundred twelve and six tenths.

EVALUATION

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WEEK 3
PD 4/5
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMERACY SYSTEM AND PLACE VALUES

Roman numerals
1 I 80 LXXX
5 V 90 XC
10 X 100 C
40 XL 200 CC
50 L 300 CCC
60 LX 400 CD
70 LXX 500 D

Roman numerals got by adding to 5.

6 = 5 + 1 7 = 5 +2 8 = 5 + 3
C = V+ I = V + II = V + III
= VI = VII = VIII

The roman numerals got by subtracting from 5 or from 50

4 = 1 subtracted from 5 40 = 10 subtracted from 50

4 = IV 40 = XL

The Roman numerals got by subtracting from 10

9 = 1 subtracted from 10
9 = IX

Changing Hindu –Arabic to roman numerals

a) 19 = 10 + 9
= X + IX
= XIX

b) 36 = 30 + 6
= XXX + VI
= XXXVI

c) 192 = 100 + 90 + 2
= C + XC + II
= CXCII

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Exercise
Change the following in roman numerals.
a) 11 b) 15 c) 63 d) 12
e) 20 f) 72 g) 19 h) 41
i) 87 j) 25 k) 50 l) 93
m) 30 n) 35

EVALUATION

WEEK 3
PD 6
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMERACY SYSTEM AND PLACE VALUES

Changing roman numerals to Hindu Arabic

Examples
1. Write XIV in Hindu _ Arabic
XIV = X + IV
= 10+ 4
= 14

2. Change XXXIX to Hindu – Arabic

XXXIX = XXX + IX
= 30 + 9
= 39

3. Change CI to Hindu –Arabic

CI = 100 + 1
= 101

Exercise
1. X 2. XXVI 3. XXXI 4. XLVII
5. XIII 6. XXIX 7. XLIV 8. LV
9. XXIX 10. XLVII 11. LX 12. LXIII
13. LXXXI 14. LXXXVII 15. CXV

EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: ___________________________________________________________

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Way forward: _____________________________________________________________

WEEK 3
PD 7
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMERACY SYSTEM AND PLACE VALUES

Application

Examples
1. James is 20 years old. What is James’ age in Roman numerals?
20 = 20
= XX
22. Namwenika is 11 years. What is her ager in Roman numerals?
11 years = 10 + 1
= X+I
Namwnika = XI

3. Daddy is XLVI years. What is his years in Hindu Arabic?

XLVI = XL + VI
= 40 + 6
Daddy is = 46 years

Exercise
1. Apire is 13 years old. Change her age in Roman numerals.
2. Babirye is 12 years. Change her age to Roman numerals.
3. Achen is 20 years. Change her age to Roman numerals.
4. Nakintu is 14 years. What is her age in Roman numerals?
5. There are 74 pupils in Aduku Primary 5. Write the number of pupils in
Roman numerals.
6. Nakazzi had goats. Write this number in Roman numerals.
7. Mummy is XL years old. Write mummy’s age in Hindu Arabic.
8. Mugwanya has XXIX chicken. Write this number in Hindu Arabic
numerals.

9. Opio harvested XV bags of rice last season. Express his harvest in Hindu
Arabic numerals.
10. Kizito planted 34 trees last year. Write the number of trees he planted in
Roman numerals.
11. Express LXXIII in Arabic numerals.

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EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: ____________________________________________________________
Weak points: _____________________________________________________________
Way forward: _____________________________________________________________

WEEK 3
PD 8
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: WHOLE NUMBERS (ROUNDING OFF)

Rounding off whole numbers

Examples: Round off 268 to the nearest tens.
Solution: 268
+ 1
270
268 approximately 270
2. Round of 623 to the nearest tens.
623
+0
6 2 0
623 approximately 620
3. Round of 1356 to the nearest tens.
1356
+1
1360
1356 approximately 1360
4. Round off 1999 to the nearest tens.
1999
+1
2000
1999 approximately 2000

Activity
Round off the following numbers as instructed in brackets.
1. 2240 (to the nearest tens)
2. 5286 (to the nearest tens)
3. 7628 (to the nearest tens)
4. 2995 (to the nearest tens)
5. 47 (to the nearest tens)
6. 1879 (to the nearest tens)
7. 159 (to the nearest tens)
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8. 967 (to the nearest tens)
9. 3193 (to the nearest tens)
10. 4999 (to the nearest tens)
11. 5087 (to the nearest tens)
12. 3346 (to the nearest tens)

WEEK 4
PD 1
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC:

Operation on numbers
Addition

Examples
1. Add 7464 + 4425
TH H T O
7 4 6 4
+ 4 4 2 5
11 8 8 9

2. Add: 4622 + 5043 + 6237

TH H T O
4 6 2 2
5 0 4 3
+ 6 2 3 7
15 9 0 2
Activity
Add the following
1) Add: 4622 + 5043 + 6237 2)TH H T O
TH H T O 1 1 2 4
1 4 2 6 + 7 3 2 1
+ 2 3 5 3

3) H T O 4) TH H T O
4 2 6 9 8 8 7
+ 3 5 3 + 1 1 1 3

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5) TH H T O 6) TH H T O
6 0 4 9 2 0 4 9
+ 4 9 6 3 + 1 7 7 9
3 6 4 8

7) TH H T O 8) H T O
1 4 5 6 4 9 7
+ 8 6 5 + 2 3 5

WEEK 4
PD 2
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: OPERATION ON NUMBERS

More about addition

What is the sum of 4,234 and 204

TH H T O
4 2 3 4
+ 2 0 4
4 4 3 8
2. Amos carried 359 books, his brother carried 578 books. How many books
were carried altogether.
3 4 9 books
+ 5 7 8 books
9 2 7 books

Exercise
1. A boy counted 268 cans on Monday and 454 cans the next day. How
many cans did he count in the two days?
2. What is the sum of 13696 and 5345?
3. Kangi earns 1928/= a day and sinabulya earns 11,345/=. How much
money do Kangi and Sinabulya earn altogether?
4. At a petrol station one can was filled with fuel of sh.11,600/= and
another of sh. 4860. How much money did both drivers pay?
5. Maria bought suager at 1200/=, soap at 800/= and matooke at 3000/=.
What was her total expenditure?
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6. A school has 440 boys and 839 girls. How many pupils are there
altogether?
7. In a village there are 804 men and 1011 women. What is the total
number of men and women in the village?
8. Musa had sh. 12,500/=, he got shs. 6800/= more, how much money
does he have now?
9. A farmer had 1475 cows, he later bought 867 more. How many cows has
he got altogether?

EVALUATION

a) Subtract: 246 - 192 b) Subtract 500 - 254

H T O H T O
2 4 6 5 0 0
- 1 9 2 - 2 5 4
0 5 4 2 4 6
Exercise
Subtract the following
1. TO 2. H T O
3 9 1 3 2
- 2 5 - 2 9

3. H T O 4. H T O
1 2 0 3 6 1
- 2 3 - 1 7 3

5. H T O H T O
3 7 2 3 8 4
- 1 2 3 - 7 3

7. TH H T O TH H T O
3 4 6 5 7 8 9 2
- 2 3 4 3 - 1 2 1 3

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EVALUATION

WEEK 4:
PD 4
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: OPERATION ON NUMBERS

More about subtraction

Examples

1. Muguni had 2,570/=, he brought a book for 843/=. What was his
balance?
2 5 7 0/=
- 3 4 4/=
2 2 2 7/=

2. What is the difference between 243 and 37?

2 4 3=
- 3 7/=
2 0 6/=

Activity

1. Juma had 630/= he brought a toy car 56/=. How much money was he
left with?
2. Take a way 53 from 111.
4. What number must you add 36 to get 176?
5. A man earns 4,380/= and spends 1,830/=, how much does he save?
6. Subtract 678 from 3,456.
7. A man had 8,790 heads of cattle, 3,021 died, how many remained?
8. By how much is 1653/= smaller than 2,040/=.
9. Find the difference between 13,850 and 4,040/=
10. Out of a man’s salary of 12,500/=, 8,075/= was spent on school fees,
how much money remained?

EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: ____________________________________________________________

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Way forward: ____________________________________________________________

WEEK 4:
PD 5
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: OPERATION ON NUMBERS

Multiplication
Examples
1. Multiply 135 by 2 2. What is the product of 148 and 4?
1 3 5 1 4 8
x 2 x 4
2 7 0 5 9 2

Activity

Multiply the following numbers

a) 3 1 4 b) 6 2 4 c) 4 2 5
x 5 x 5x 6

d) 7 3 6 e) 7 3 0 f) 6 5 4
x 6 x 4x 9

d) 5 1 0 e) 3 2 1 f) 7 4 5
x 7 x 8x 7

WEEK 4:
PD 6
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: OPERATION ON NUMBERS

1. Find the product of 12 and 4.

1 2
x 4
4 8

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2. A loaf of bread costs 900/=, if 1 buys 8 loaves of bread, how much money
shall I pay?

9 0 0/=
x 8
7200

Exercise
a) Multiply 14 by 3
b) What is the product of 16 and 15?
c) What is the product of 20 and 8?
d) Multiply 128 by 6
e) I bought 4 books at 150 each, how much did I pay?
f) Each of the 7 classes in a school has 110 pupils. How many pupils are in
the school?
g) A worker is paid 960 a day. How much will he collect if he works for 7 days?
h) 5 classes are contributing money to buy a ball. If each class is to contribute
876, how much does the ball cost?
i) A box contains 196 oranges, how many oranges can 9 boxes carry?
j) Nambole stadium has 4 gates. If 436 people enter through each gate, how
many people will enter in the stadium?

EVALUATION

More about multiplication

Examples

1. Multiply 18 by 12.
1 8 18 x 2 = 35
x 1 2 18 x 1 = 18
3 6
+ 280
216

2. 20 x 36
2 0
x3 6
12 0
+6 0
720

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Exercise
Multiply the following numbers
a) 12 by 11 b) 15 by 11 c) 13 by 12
d) 16 by 12 e) 28 by 11
f) 2 2 g) 7 7 h) 5 6
x1 5 x1 2 x2 3
_____ ______ _____

i) Workout j) 28 by 20
24
x13

EVALUATION

WEEK 4:
PD 8
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: OPERATION ON NUMBERS

Division
Examples

1. Divide 125 by 5 2. Divide 7760 by 2

025 3880
5 125 27760
0x5=-0 2 x 3 = -6
1 2 = 25 17 = 3880
2 x 5= - 1 0 8x2= - 16
25 16
5 x 5= - 25 8x2= -1 6
0
0 x 2= -0
Activity

Divide the following numbers.

a) 2 130 b) 5 365 c) 2 148

d) 5 380 e) 3 150 f) 6 666

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g) 4 264 h) 3 174 i) 4 268

j) 4 256 k) 3 159 l) 7 721

EVALUATION

WEEK 5:
PD 1
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: OPERATION ON NUMBERS

Word problem

1. Share 120 oranges among 2 girls.

060
2 120
0x2=-0
1 2 = each will get 60 mangoes
6 x 2= - 1 2
0
0 x 2= - 0

2. A man had 392 goats, he shared them equally among 7 sons. How many
goats did each son get?

056
7 392
0x7=-0
39 56 goats each.
5 x 7= -3 5
4 2
6 x 7= 42

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Activity

a) Divide 124 by 4
b) Share 346 books among 6 pupils.
c) I shared 1440/= among 8 children. How much did each get?
d) A man had 9 workers, he pays tham at total of 3,645/= aday. How much
does each worker get?
e) A total of 1344 books were given to Mpumudde Primary School wihci has
6 classes? How many books did each get?
f) 8 cars used 728 litres of petrol equally. How many litres did each can
use?
g) A school bursar collected a total of 46,249 from 7 pupils. How much did
each pupil pay?
h) A district officer paid 7,200/= to 100 workers, how much did each get?
i) After 7 minutes, Kyagaba had typed 5649 words. How many words did
she type?
j) Share 232 sweets among 8 boys.

EVALUATION

Comparing numbers using is less than, is greater than or equals to (<, > or =)
Examples
Replace the star with the correct symbol.

1. 2+3 * 3+2
5 is equal to 5
5 = 5
Therefore 2 + 3 = 3 + 2

2. 5x5 * 5x2
25 is greater than 10
25 > 10
Therefore 5 x 5 > 5 x 2

3. 269 * 962
269 is less than 962
269 < 962

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Activity
Replace the star (*) with a correct symbol >, < or =
a) 2 x 2 ………….. 2+2
b) 4 + 2 ………….. 4x2
c) 378 …………… 872
d) XXIX …………… 29

e) 3 weeks …………… 14 days

f) 1 kg of stones * 1 kg of feather
g) 3x3x3 * 3+3+3
h) 2m * 100 cm
i) 14 days * fortnight
j) 20 4 * 20 - 4

EVALUATION

WEEK 5:
PD 4
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: OPERATION ON NUMBERS
Number patterns and sequences
Whole numbers
These are numbers that begin with zero.
e.g 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ……………

Even numbers

These are numbers that are exactly divisible by 2.

e.g.0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, etc.

Odd numbers
these are numbers that are not exactly divisible by 2
e.g 0,1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, etc.

Prime numbers
Numbers with two factors one and its self.
e.g 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29, etc.

Examples
a) Find the sum of the first two composite numbers
1st two composite numbers = 4, 6
Sum = 4+6
= 10
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b) Find the difference between the 4th whole number and the 2nd whole number
2nd number = 1 and 4th number = 3
Difference = 3 – 1
= 2

c) Find the sum of the first five counting numbers

Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Sum = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5
= 15

Activity
1. List the first whole numbers.
2. Write the first five even numbers
3. Work out the sum of first five whole numbers
4. List down the first ten counting numbers.
5. List all the counting numbers less than 10
6. List all the whole numbers less than 10.
7. Write all the even numbers between 10 and 20
8. List all the whole numbers between 5 and 15.
9. List the first five composite numbers.
10. Write all the prime numbers less than 20.
11. Find the sum of the first two composite numbers.
12. Work out the first five prime numbers.

EVALUATION

Self Evaluation
Strong points: _________________________________________________________
Weak points: _________________________________________________________
Way forward: __________________________________________________________
WEEK 5:
PD 5
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: OPERATION ON NUMBERS

Sequences
Examples

1. Find the next two numbers in the sequence given below.

2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
10 + 2 = 12

+4 +2 +2 +2 +2 12 + 2 = 14

2. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
2x2 =4
4x2 =8
x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 8 x 2 = 16
16 x 2 = 32
23 x 2 = 36

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3. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 15 + 5 = 20
20 + 5 = 25

+ 5 +5 +5 +5

4. 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13 14 - 13

15 - 14

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1

Exercise
Fill in the missing numbers in the sequence given below.
a) 1, 2, 3, __, 5, ___, 7, __, 9, 10
b) 5, 10, __, 20, 25, __, 35
c) 0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, ___, ___
d) 18, 15, 12, 9, ___, ___, ___
e) 30, 28, 26, ___, ___
f) 11, 22, 33, 44, ___, ___
g) 0, 2, 4, 6, ___, ___, ___, ___, 16
h) 32, 16, 8, 4, ___
i) 10, 20, 30, ___, ___
j) 1, 3, 6, 10, ___, 21, ___, 36
k) 30, 25, 20, 15, ____, ____
l) 1, ,3 9, 27, ___, ___
EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: ____________________________________________________________
Weak points: _____________________________________________________________
Way forward: _____________________________________________________________
WEEK 5:
PD 6
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Multiples of numbers

Examples
1. List down all the multiples of 2 less than 12.
M2 1x2=2
2x2=4
2x3=6
2x4 =8
2 x 2 = 10
2 x 6 = 12
M2 less than 12 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

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2. List the multiples of 2 between 10 and 20
6 x 2 = 12
7 x 2 = 14
8 x 3 = 16
9 x 4 = 18
M2 between 10 and 20 = {12, 14, 16, 18}

3. List multiples of 9 less than 40.

1x9 = 9
2 x 9 = 18
3 x 9 = 27
4 x 9 = 36

= {9, 18, 27, 36}

Activity
List the multiples of the following.
1. Multiples of 2 less than 10
2. Multiples of 8 less than 30
3. Multiples of 3 between 20 and 30
4. Multiples of 8 between 10 and 20
5. Multiples of 6 less than 25
6. Multiples of 5 less than 40
7. Multiples of 7 between 30 and 50
8. Multiples of 10 less than 80
9. List all the odd multiples of 5 less than 50
10. List all the even multiples of 3 less than 50.

WEEK 5:
PD 7
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Common Multiples

Examples

1. Find the common multiples of 3 and 6.

M3 = {3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, ……..}
M6 = { 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, …..}
C.M = {6, 12, 18, 24, 30, ……..}

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2. Find the common multiples of 5 and 10.
M5 = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, ……..}
M10 = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, …..}
C.M = { 10, 20, 30, ……..}

Activity
Find the common multiples of the following numbers.
a) 2 and 4 b) 2 and 6 c) 4 and 8
d) 5 and 10 e) 4 and 12 f) 6 and 12
g) 3 and 9 h) 2 and 8 i) 3 and 15

WEEK 5:
PD 8
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Finding LCM (Lowest Common Multiple)

Examples
1. Find the LCM of 2 and 4.
M2 = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 …}

M4 = { 4, 8, 12, 16, …}
C.M 4, 8, 12
LCM = 4
The LCM of 2 and 4 is 4.

2. Find the LCM of 4 and 12

M4 = { 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 }
M12 = { 12, 24, 36, 48 …}
C.m = (12, 24, 36, 48, …}
LCM = 12

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Exercise
Find the LCM of the following numbers.
a) 3 and 6 b) 5 and 10 c) 3 and 9
d) 2 and 8 e) 4 and 8 f) 2 and 6
g) 4 and 3 h) 3 and 5 i) 6 and 12
EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: ____________________________________________________________
Weak points: _____________________________________________________________
Way forward: _____________________________________________________________
WEEK 6:
PD 1
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Finding factors of numbers

Examples
1. List all the factors of 6. 2. List all the factors of 18.
F6 1x6 =6 F18 1 x 18 = 18
2 x 6 = 12 2x9 = 18
= {1, 2, 3, 6} 3 x 6 = 18
= {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 18}
3. List all the factors of 30.
F 30 1 x 30 = 30
2 x 15 = 30
3 x 10 = 30
5 x 6 = 30
= { 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30}
Exercise
List all the factors of the following numbers
a) 2 b) 3 c) 8 d) 10 e) 4
f) 9 g) 12 h) 14 i) 15 j) 20
k) 24 l) 28 m ) 32 n) 40 o) 48

EVALUATION
Self Evaluation

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Weak points: _____________________________________________________________
Way forward: _____________________________________________________________
WEEK 6:
PD 2
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Finding common factors

Examples
Find the common factor of 2 and 4
1. F2 1x2 =2 F4 1x4 =4
=(1, 2) 2x2 =4
= {1, 2, 4 }
C.F of 2 and 4 = {1, 2}

2. Find the common factors of 12 and 24

F12 1 x 12 = 12 F24 1 x 24 = 24
2 x 6 = 12 2 x 12 = 24
3 x 4 = 12 3 x 18 = 24
4x6 = 24
={ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12} = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24}
C.F of 12 and 24 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}

Exercise
Find the common factor of the following numbers
a) 3 and 9 b) 2 and 6 c) 3 and 6 d) 5 and 10
e) 6 and 12 f) 4 and 8 g) 2 and 8 h) 10 and 20
i) 6 and 8
EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: ____________________________________________________________
Weak points: _____________________________________________________________
Way forward: _____________________________________________________________

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WEEK 6:
PD 3
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES
Finding H.C.F of 6 and 9
(Highest Common Factor or Greatest Common Factor)
Examples
1. Find the HCF of 6 and 9
F6 F9
1x6=6 1x9 =9
2x3 =6 3x3 =9
= {1, 2, 3, 6} = {1, 3, 9}
CF = {1, 3} = {1, 3, 9}
H.C.F of 6 and 9 = 3
2. Find the GCF of 7 and 14
F7 1x7=7 F14 1 x 4 = 14
= {1, 7} 2 x 7 = 14
= {1, 2, 7, 14}
C.F = {1, 7}
H.C.F of 7 and 14 = 7

Exercise
Find the H.C.F of the following numbers
a) 3 and 9 b) 2 and 6 c) 3 and 6 d) 5 and 10
e) 6 and 12 f) 4 and 8 g) 2 and 8 10 and 20
i) 6 and 8 j) 12 and 24 k) 9 and 18 l) 12 and 18

EVALUATION

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WEEK 6:
PD 4
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

TERM II

FRACTIONS
Definitions
A fraction is part of a whole.

Naming fractions

A half A third

1 1 1/ 1/ 1/
3 3 3
2 2

2 Two eighths
8

Activity
Describe the shaded fractions

1. 2.

3. 4.

Describe the un-shaded fractions

1. 2.

EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: _________________________________________
Weak points: __________________________________________
Way forward: __________________________________________
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WEEK 6:
PD 5
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Types of fractions
1. Proper fractions
These are fractions with numerators smaller than denominators
1 , 3, 4, 12 , etc
2 7 10 27

2. Improper fraction
A fraction with a numerator greater than a denominator.
e.g 5 , 9, 15 , etc
2 4 3
3. Mixed fractions (mixed numbers)
A fraction with a whole number together with proper fraction.

e.g 2 ½ , 9 ¾, 4 7/10, etc

NOTE
Given the fraction 5 ¾
5 is a whole number
3 is a numerator
4 is a denominator
Activity
Write proper, improper or mixed fraction in each of the following,
1 6 3
a) 4 b) c) 9/
4 d) 7
2 8 2
1 6 1 3
e) 9 f) g) 6 h)
2 2 2 4

1 51
i) 4 j)
6 2

14 7 1 5 8
k) 5 l) m) n) 8 o)
2 2 9 6 7

EVALUATION

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WEEK 6:
PD 6
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Equivalent fractions
Examples

1. Find the equivalent fractions for ½ .

½ = 1 x 2, 1 x 3, 1 x 4, 1x5
2x2 2x3 2x4 2x5

½= 2/3 , 3/6, 4/8 , 5/10, etc

2. Find the equivalent fractions for 2/5

1. Find the equivalent fractions for 2/5 .

2/5 = 2 x 2, 2 x 3, 2 x 4, 2 x 5, 2x6
5x2 5x3 5x4 5x5 5x6

2/5 = 4/10 , 6/15, 8/20 , 10/25, 12/30 ,etc

Activity
Write the next four equivalent fractions for:

1. 2/3, _, _, _, __

2. ¼, ___, ___, ___, ____
3. 3/8 ___, ___, ___, ___
4. 1/ 3, ___, ___, ___, ___
5. 2/11, ___, ___, ___, ____
6. 1/6 , ___, ___, ___, ____
7. 2/9 ___, ___, ___, ___
8. 3/7, ___, ___, ___, ___

EVALUATION

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WEEK 6:
PD 7
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Finding unknown is equivalent fractions

Examples

1. Find the missing number in;

1 =
2 6

1 = 2, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
2 4 6 8 10 12

1 =3
2 6

= 3

2. 3 = 9
7

3 = 6 , 9 , 12 , 15
7 14 21 28 35

3 = 9
7 21

= 21

Activity
Find the missing numbers

a) 1 = b) 1 = 5 c) 3 = 15
7 28 2 8

d) 1 = e) 2 = 8 f) 3 =
3 9 3 4 16

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WEEK 6:
PD 8
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Reducing fractions
Examples

1. Reduce 8 to its lowest terms

16
F8 = {1, 2, 4, 8}
F16 = {1, 2, 4, 8 16}
GCF of 8 and 16 = 8
8 ÷ 8 =1
16 ÷ 8 2
8 = 1
16 2

2. Reduce 10 to its lowest terms

F10 = {1, 2, 5, 10}

F25 = {1, 5, 25}
GCF of 10 and 25 = 5
10 ÷ 5 = 2
25 ÷ 5 5
10 = 2
25 5

Activity
Write the following fractions in their lowest terms.
a) 2 b) 6 c) 10 d) 10
6 10 30 16

e) 8 f) 8 g) 6 h) 15
10 18 18 21

f) 4 j) 15 k) 4 l) 25
12 18 16 75

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WEEK 7:
PD 1
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Ordering fractions
Examples

1. Arrange ¼ , 1/3 , ½ in ascending order

LCM of 4, 3 and 2 = 12
¼ x 12, 1/3 x 12 , ½ x 12
1x3 1x4 1x6
3 4 6
Ascending order; ¼ , 1/3 , 1/2

2. Arrange 5/6 , ½, ¾ in descending order

LCM of 6, 2 and 4 = 12
5 x 12 , 1 x 12, 3 x 12
6 2 4

5x2 1x6 3x3

10 6 9

Descending order; 5/6, ¾ , ½

Activity
Arrange the following fractions in descending order

a) 1/
3 , ½ , 1/5 b) 3/
8,
15/
16 , ¼

c) 3/
5 , 5/
10 , ¾

Arrange the following fractions in descending order.

a) 3/
8 , ½ , 5/
6 b) ½ , 2/
3 , 1/
6

c) 2/
3 , 5/
6 , ½ , 7/
8

EVALUATION

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WEEK 7:
PD 2
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Changing mixed numbers to improper fractions

Examples

1. Change 1 ½ to improper fractions

1 ½ = (D x W) + N
D
= (2 x 1) + 1
2
= 2 + 1
2
= 3
2

2. Express 23/5 as improper fraction

23/3 = (D x W) + N
D
= (5 x 2) + 3
5
= 10 + 3
5
= 13
5
Activity
Write the following fractions as improper fractions
a) 11/5 b) 32/3 c) 13½ d) 22/3

e) 4¾ f) 103/10 g) 41/3 h) 15/7

i) 34/5 j) 12 ¼

EVALUATION

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WEEK 7:
PD 3
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Changing improper fractions to mixed fractions/numbers

Examples

1. Change 5/2 to a mixed number

5/2 = 2
2 5

2 x = -4
1
5/2 = 2 ½

2. Change 7/3 as a mixed number

5/ = 2
3
3 7
2 x 3 = -6
1
7/ = 20 1/
3 3

Activity
Change the following improper fractions to mixed fractions (number)

a) 7/
5 b) 17/
5 c) 7/
2 d) 21/
5

e) 10/
3 f) 13/
7 g) 17/
3 i) 14/
5

j) 12/
7

EVALUATION

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WEEK 7:
PD 4
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Addition of fractions with same denominations

Examples

1. Add: 1 + 2
5 5
1 + 2 = 1 + 2
5 5 5

= 3
5

2. Add: 5 + 1
8 8

5 + 1 = 5+ 1
8 8 8 8

= 6 ÷ 2 G.C.F of 6 and 8 = 2
8 ÷ 2
= 3
4

Activity
Add the following fractions

a) 1+ 4 b) 4 + 1 c) 3 + 4
6 6 9 9 7 7

d) 3 + 5 e) 1 + 4 f) 1 + 6
20 20 15 15 8 8

Word problems in addition

Examples

1. John dug 1/6 of the garden and Mary dug 4/6 of the garden.
What part of the garden was dug?
Joan and Mary dug 1 + 4
6 6

Altogether: 1 + 4 = 1 + 4
6 6 6

= 5
6

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Activity
1. Kadodi ate 1/3 of fish for lunch and another 1/3 of the fish for
supper. What fraction of the fish did Kadodi?

2. What is the sum of 2/3 and 3/8?

3. Magogo read 4/7 of a book on Monday and 2/7 of it on Tuesday.

What fraction of the book did he read altogether?

WEEK 7:
PD 6
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Subtraction of fractions with the same denominators

Examples

1. Subtract: 7__ 1
12 12
7 - 1 = 7 - 1
12 12 12

= 6 ÷ 6
12 ÷ 6
= ½

Activity
Subtract the following fractions
a) 4 - 1 b) 8 - 3 c) 9 - 5
4 4 9 9 13 13

Word problems
Examples
1. Subtract 2 from 4
5 5
4 - 2 = 4 - 2
5 5 2

= 2
5

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2. Andrew had 7/9 of a cake. He ate 5/9 of it. What fraction
remained?
7 -5 = 7-5
9 9 9
= 2
9

Activity
1. Subtract 2/7 from 5/7
2. What must be added to 5/11 to make 9/11?
3. What remains if 7/15 is subtracted from 13/15?
4. I read 2/5 of a mathematics book. What fraction was left?
5. A water tank was 7/8 full. He used 4/8 of the water.
What fraction was left?

WEEK 7:
PD 8
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Mixed numbers (Addition & subtraction)

Examples

1. Add: 21/7 + 3 5/
7 = (2 + 3) + 1/7 + 5/7
= 5 + (1 + 5)
7
= 5 + 6
7
6
= 5
7

OR 21/7 + 3 5 /7 = 15/ + 26/7

7
= 15 + 26
7
= 41
7
6
=5
7

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2. Subtract: 4 ¾ - 1¼
= (4 – 1) + (3/4 – ¼)
= 3 + (3 – 1)
4
=3 +2
4
=3+½
= 3½

OR 4¾ -1¼
= 19/4 – 5/4
= 19 - 5
4
= 14
4
= 3 2 /4
= 3½

Activity

Work out the following:

a) 2 2/3 + 1 1/3 b) 3 1/3 + 4 1/3 c) 2 ½ - 1 ½
d) 6 3/5 - 3 1/5 e) 4 2/3 - 1 1/3
f) Lydia had 8 1/8 kg of beans and brought 7 4/9 kg more. How many kg
of beans does she have altogether?
g) The length of a rope was 9 4/5 m. If the rat ate 3 1/5 m, what was the
length of the rope that remained?

EVALUATION

Self Evaluation
Strong points: _________________________________________________________
Weak points: __________________________________________________________
Way forward: _________________________________________________________

WEEK 8:
PD 1
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS

Multiplication of a fraction by a fraction

Examples
1 x 2 = 1 x 2
5 3 5 x 3
= 2
15

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3 x 2 = 3 x 2
4 9 = 4 x 9

= 6 ÷ 6
36 6
= 1
6

Activity
Multiply the following fractions
a) 2 x 1 b) 2 x 5 c) 1 x 1
3 2 5 6 2 2

d) 3 x 2 e) 1 x 1 f) 3 x 2
7 3 3 2 4 5

Multiplication of a fraction by a whole number

Examples
1. Multiply: 1 x 12
2
1 x 12 = 1 x 12
2 1 2 x 1
= 12 ÷ 2
2 ÷2
= 6
1
= 6

6
OR 1 x 12 1 x 12
2 2
= 1 x6
6 1x 6
6

2. Multiply: 2 x 15
3
2 x 15 = 2 x 15
3 x 1 3 x 1
= 30 ÷ 3
3 ÷ 3
= 10
1
= 10

OR 2 x 15
3
= 2x5
= 10

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Activity
Work out the following:
a) 2 x 18 b) 4 x 25 c) 1 x 10
5 5 2

EVALUATION

Application of fraction
Examples

1. What is 2/
3 of36 oranges
= 2/ x
3 36 oranges
= 2 x 12 oranges
= 24 oranges.

2. In a class of 40 pupils, ¼ were boys and the rest were girls.

a) Find the fraction of girls.

Fraction of girls
= 1 - 1
4
= 4- 1
4 - 1
= 4 - 1
4
= 3
4
b) How many boys were in the class?

Fraction of boys = ¼
Number of boys = ¼ x 40 pupils
= 10 pupils

c) Find the number of girls in the class.

Fraction of girls = ¾
Number of girls = ¾ x 40 pupils
= 3 x 10
= 30 girls

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Activity
1. What is 1/3 of 12?
2. Find ¾ of 16 hens
3. In a class of 336 pupils, 1/3 were absent and the rest were present.
a) What fraction of the class were present?
b) How many pupils were absent?
c) Find the number of pupils present.
d) How many more pupils were present than absent?

EVALUATION

WEEK 8:
PD 3
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS (DECIMALS)

Place Values of Decimals

Examples
1. What is the place value of each digit in the number 5.63?
Ones Tenths Hundredths
5 6 3

Ones Tenths Hundredths

2. What is the place value of 5 in the number 17.35?

1 7. 3 5
Hundredths
Tenths
Activity
1. Find the place value of each digit in the number.

a) 0.2 b) 6.38 c) 49.15 d) 30.248

2. Find the place value of the underlined digits in the number.

a) 45.01 b) 4. 56 c) 246.8 d) 639.25

e) 15.37
3. a) Find the place value of 3 in the number 2.03.
b) What is the place value of 8 in the number 6.8.

EVALUATION
Self Evaluation
Strong points: ____________________________________________________________
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WEEK 8:
PD 4
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS (DECIMALS)

Values of Decimals

Examples
1. What is the value of each digit in the number 18.36?
Soln:

Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths

1 8 3 6

1 tens 6 Hundredths
8 ones 3 tenths 6x 1
1 x 10 3x1
10 8x1 100
8 10 6 x 0.01
3x 0.1 0.06
0.3

2. What is the value of 8 in the number 23.58?

Soln:
Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths
2 3 5 8

8 hundredths

8x1
100
8 x 0.01
0.08
3. Find the value of the underlined digit in the number 84.9.
Soln

Tens Ones Tenths

8 4 9

8 tens
8 x 10
80

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Activity:
1. Find the place value of each digit number.
a) 3.28 b) 27.56 c) 209.76

2. What is the value of the underlined digit in the numbers below.

a) 2.86 ii) 45.9 iii) 74. 06

3. Work out the value of 2 in the number 10.52.

4. What is the value of 9 in the number 6.29?

5. Find the value of 4 in the number 2.46.

6. Find the value of 3 in the number 17.83.

EVALUATION

WEEK 8:
PD 7
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS (DECIMALS)

Writing decimals in words.

Examples
1. Write 0.3 in words
Soln: 0.3 = Zero point three
= Three tenths

2. Write 4. 8 in words.
Soln: 4.8 = Four point eight
= Four and eight tenths

3. Write 12.5 in words.

Soln: 12.5 = Twelve point five
= Twelve and five tenths.

4. What is 102. 48 in words?

Soln: 102.48 = One hundred two point four eight.
= One hundred two and forty eight hundredths.

Activity
Write the following decimals in words.
a) 2.3 b) 34.9 c) 217.5 d) 6.87 e) 48.93
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f) 0.8 g) 14. 4 h) 23.56 i) 5.01 j)7.14
k)80.69 l) 47.9 m) 3.3 n) 1.43 o) 0.08

EVALUATION

Writing decimals in figures.

Examples
1. Write four and three tenths in figures.
Soln: Four = 4
Three tenths = 0.3
Four and three tenths 4.3

2. Write nine hundredths in figures.

Soln: Nine hundredths = 9 x 0.01
= 0.09
3. Write twenty seven and six tenths in figures.
Soln: Twenty seven = 27
Six tenths = 0.6
Twenty seven and six tenths = 27.6

Activity:
Write the following in figures.
a) Eighteen and six tenths
b) Thirteen and four tenths.
c) Five and twelve hundredths.
d) One and fourteen hundredths
c) Six and nine tenths.
e) Thirty three and three tenths.
f) Twenty and five hundredths.
g) Two hundred ten and one tenths.
h) Eleven and eleven hundredths.
i) Sixteen point zero seven.

EVALUATION

Changing /converting vulgar/common fractions to decimal fractions.

Examples
1. Write 8/10 as a decimal fraction.
Soln: 0.8
8/
10 = 10 0.8
-0
80
-80 8/10 = 0.8
00

2. What is ½ as a decimal fraction?

Soln: 0.5
1/
2 = 2 1.0
-0
10
-10  1 /2 = 0.5
00
3. Change ¼ to a decimal fraction.
Soln: 0.25
1/
4 = 2 1.00
-0
10
- 8  1 /4 = 0.25
20
-20
00

Activity
Change the following fractionsf to decimals.
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 3 e) 2 f) 3 g) 1
5 4 10 8 4 10 5

h) 25 i) 55 j) 7 k) 11 l) 5 m) 1
10 100 10 10 8 8

EVALUATION

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WEEK 9:
PD 2
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS (DECIMALS)

Changing /converting mixed fractions to decimal fractions.

Examples
1. Express 3 2/10 as a decimal fraction.

Soln: 32/10 = 3+2

10
0.2
= 3 + 10 2.0
-0
20
-2 0
00

= 3 + 0.2 sw
= 3.2 3.
+ 0.2
3.2

Activity:
Change the following fractions to decimal fractions.
a) 46/10 b) 124/10 c) 44/10

d) 415/100 e) 5 3/100 f) 33/10

g) 21/10 h) 119/1 i) 65/100

WEEK 9:
PD 3
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS (DECIMALS)

Changing decimal fractions to common fraction

Examples

1. Express 0.6 as a vulgar fraction.

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Soln: 0.6 = 0.6 x 10
1 x 10

= 6OR6 ÷ 2 =3
10 10 ÷ 2 5

2. Convert 1.2 to a common fraction.

Soln: 1.2 = 1.2 x 10
1 x 10

= 12 ÷ 2
= 10 ÷ 2
1
= 6 5 6
-5
1
 6 = 11
5 5

Activity
Change the following decimals to fractions
a) 0.2 b) 1.3 c) 1.4 d) 0.5 e) 0.25

f) 1.8 g) 0.75 h) 0.6 i) 0.7 j)1.1 k) 0.8

EVALUATION

Soln: 0.5
+ 0. 7
1. 2

2. Add: 0.4 + 0.5 using a number line.

Soln:
0.4 0.5

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

0.4 + 0.5 = 0.9

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3. A baby drank 1.4 litres of milk on Monday and 1.6 litres on
Tuesday. How many litres of milk did the baby drink altogether?

Soln: 1 . 4 litres
+ 1 . 6 litres
3 . 0 litres

Exercise
1. Add the following decimals without using a number line.
a) 0.2 + 0.6 b) 1.4 + 2.8 c) 4.3 + 2.5 + 0.9

2. Add the following using a number line.

a) 0.3 + 0.4 b) 0.1 + 0.5 c) 0.6 + 0.2

3. a) What is the sum of 2.3 and 4.8?

b) Cathy was given 2.6kg of sugar and Mercy was given 1.7 kg of
sugar. How much sugar did they get altogether?

c) Max bought 3.8 metres of ribbon. Mark bought 4.7 metres of

ribbon. What length of ribbon do they have altogether?

d) A rectangular flower garden measures 7.3 metres by 4.7 metres.

What is the distance round it altogether?

EVALUATION

WEEK 9:
PD 5
THEME: NUMERACY
TOPIC: FRACTIONS (DECIMALS)

SUBTRACTION OF DECIMALS
Examples
1. Subtract: 2.3 - 0. 9
1 13
Soln: 2. 3
- 0. 9
1. 4

2. Leticia had 19.2 metres of cloth, she sold 13. 5 metres, what length
of cloth did she remain with?
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8 12
Soln: 19 . 2 metres
- 13 . 5 metres
5 . 7 metres

Exercise
1. Work out the following.
a) 3.4 - 1 .5 b) 7.8 - 3.8 c) 6.4 – 2.9

d) 6. 3 - 1.9 e) 2. 7 - 1.3

2. a) Derrick bought 12 litres of milk, he gave away 5.5 litres, how

many litres of milk did he remain with?

b) A boy cycles 8.2 km from his home to school. If he cycles

4.7km and then rests. How many km remained to reach
school?

c) A maid made 5.2 litres of juice, she served 2.8 litres, how much
litres of juice remained?
d) What is the difference between 14.3 and 6.9?

EVALUATIONS

ORDERING DECIMAL FRACTIONS (Arranging fraction according to

their size)

Examples

1. Arrange 0.6 , 0.2 and 0.4 in ascending order (starting with the
smallest)
0.9
Soln:
0.4
0.2

0.5

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

The order is 0.9, 0.5, 0.4, 0.2

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Exercise
1. Arrange the following in ascending order.
a) 0.7, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 b) 0.3, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2

c) 0.2, 2, 0.02, 2.2 d) 0.3, 0.7, 0.6, and 0.9

2. Arrange the following decimals in descending order.

a) 0.4, 0.1, 0.7, 0.6 b) 1.2 , 2.3, 1.8 and 2.0

c) 0.8, 0.3, 0.5, 0.2 d) 0.5, 0.8, 0.2, 0.4

GRAPHS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Pictographs are also called picture-graphs.
Pictographs are graphs which show number or amount of different
things for people, classes, animals e.t.c
On pictographs we usually use symbols to represent the data on the
graph.
Example
The pictograph below shows the number of trees each farmer has.
Okullo

Kambe

Kizito

Mulabi

Scale
= 10 trees

Questions
a) How many trees does Kizito have?
Number of trees = 6 x 10 trees
= 60 trees

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b) Find the sum of Kizito’s trees and Kambe’s trees
Kizito = 6 x 10trees = 60 trees
Kambe = 3 x 10 trees = + 30 trees
90 trees

c) Who has the biggest number of trees?

Kizito
d) Find the difference between Mulabi’s trees and Okullo’s trees.
Mulabi = 5 x 10 trees = 50 trees
Okullo = 2 x 10 trees = - 20 trees
30 trees

Exercise
1. The graph below shows the number of balls picked by four
sisters from a shop.
Doreen

Diana

Daphine

Daizy

Scale
Represents 5 balls

Questions
a) Which two sisters picked the same number of balls?
b) Who picked the largest number of balls?
c) How many balls did Doreen pick?
d) How many balls did Diana & Daphine pick?
e) Find the difference between Daphine’s balls and Daizy’s balls.
f) Find the sum of the highest number of balls picked and the
lowest number of balls picked.
g) Work out the total number of balls that were picked by the four
girls.

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2. The pictograph below shows the apples imported from South
Africa. Study and answer the questions that follows.
Mon

Tue

Wed

Thur

Fri

Scale: represents 20 apples

Questions
a) How many apples were imported on Monday?
b) How many apples were imported on Wednesday and Thursday?
c) How many more apples were imported on Friday than Tuesday?
d) How many apples were imported on Monday, Tuesday and
Friday?
e) On which days were the same number of apples imported?
f) On which day were the highest number of apples imported.
g) On which day were the least number of apples imported?

TALLIES & BAR GRAPHS

To draw graphs we first collect information.
We may draw tally marks and use them to count and group things
in fives.
Example:
One two three five
N.B:
For each fifth item that we count we make a line across the first
four.
Example:
Five

Eleven

Fifteen
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TALLY GRAPHS
Example III
Pupils were told to count the number of cars of different colours
which passed by their school during break time for 5 days. The
information is shown below.
Days of the week White Red Black Maroon

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Questions:
a) How many cars were seen on Monday?
17 cars
b) How many white cars were seen on Thursday and Friday?
Thursday: 6 cars
Friday: + 20 cars
26 cars
c) Which colour appeared most?
White
d) What is the sum of all white cars?
48 cars
e) How many maroon cars were seen on Wednesday?
5cars.

Exercise
A school boy recorded the number of white cars that passed near
his home in one week.
Days of the week Number of white cars
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
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Friday
Saturday
Sunday

Questions
a) How many cars were recorded in the first two days of the week?
b) Which day did he record the largest number of cars?
c) How many cars were recorded on Friday, Saturday and Sunday?
d) What is the different between the largest and the smallest
number of cars recorded that week?
e) On which days were the same number of cars recorded?
f) What is the total number of cars for the first three days?
g) What is the total number of cars for the last three days of the
week?
h) What was the most common number of cars?
BAR GRAPHS
Example
The graph below shows the daily attendance of P.4 pupils for a
week.
40
35
NUMBER OF PUPILS

30
25
20
15
10
5
0
MON TUE WED THUR FRI
DAYS OF THE WEEK

a) How many pupils were present on Thursday?

30 pupils

b) On which day were the same number of pupils present?

Tuesday and Friday

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c) Find the difference between the highest and the lowest number
of pupils in the class.
3 5 pupils
- 1 5 pupils
2 0 pupils

d) How many pupils came on the first 3 days?

Mon 15
Tue 20
Wed +35
70 pupils

Exercise:
1. The graph below shows the number of cars sold by Mr. Nyonjo at
his garage.

45
40
NUMBER OF CARS

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct NovDec
MONTHS OF THE YEAR
Questions:
a) How many cars were sold in March?
b) In which month did Nyonjo sell no car?
c) Which month had the highest number of cars sold?
d) How many more cars were sold in January than in May?
e) How many cars were sold in the first six months of the year?
f) How many cars were sold in the twelve months?

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2. A school gives out milk to children as shown below.
Day MON TUE WED THUR FRI
Number of litres 20 15 40 10 25
Use the table above to complete the graph below.
40
35
30
Number of Litres

25
20
15
10
5
0
MON TUE WED THUR FRI
Days of the week

LINE GRAPH
1. The graph below shows the temperature on different days of
the week.
600

500
Temperature in 0C

400

300

200

100

00
MON TUE WED THUR FRI SAT SUN
Days of the week
a) Which was the hottest day of the month?
b) What was the temperature on Tuesday?
c) What is the total temperature on the first three days of the week?
d) What was the maximum temperature during the week?
e) What was the minimum temperature during the week?
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2. The graph below represent the age of 5 pupils. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.
12

8
Age in years

0
Hakim Cate Ronald Sam Aisha
Names of pupils
Questions
a) Name the pupils with the same age.
b) How old is the youngest pupil?
c) How old is Aisha?
d) Who is 10 years old?
e) How old is Ronald than Sam?
GEOMETRY
Solid shapes
These are shapes which have faces, edges, vertices (corners). These
include; cone, cubes, cuboids, cylinder, triangular pyramid
(tetrahedron), square or rectangular pyramid.

Geometric solid shapes Name

Cone / circular pyramid

Cube / square prism

Cuboid / rectangular prism

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Cylinder / circular prism

Triangular prism

Triangular pyramid
/tetrahedron

Rectangular and square

pyramid

Other shapes Name

Square

Rectangle

Kite

Rhombus

Parallelogram

Trapezium

Circle

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Pentagon

Hexagon

Triangle

Naming parts of solid figures

Cube Vertex (corner)
Face

Edge

Cylinder
Plane surface
Edge
Curved face

Cone plane surface

Edge
Curved face
Vertex

Activity
Solid shape Name No. of faces No of No of edges
vertices

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CIRCLE
Making a circle
Bending the stick
Fibre
By turning round a big toe
A pair of compasses

Parts of a circle
Naming diameter, radius and circumference.
C
AB is the radius
CD is the diameter
A
Radius
D B
Circumference

B AB is not the diameter because it doesn’t pass through

the centre.
AB is called a chord.

Circumference
Is the distance around the circle.
A radius
Is a line which starts from the centre to the edge of the circle.
Diameter
Is a straight line from one side of a circle to the other passing
through the centre.
A chord
Is any straight line drawn across a circle.

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Activity
1. Study the circle below.
s
T

P O R

a) Name the part of a circle marked O.

b) Name all the radius shown on the circle,
c) Name all the diameter you can see on the circle.

2. A
From the circle above line AB is called a diameter or a __

FINDING DIAMETER WHEN RADIUS IS GIVEN

Examples

1. Find the diameter of a circle whose radius is 5cm.

Diameter = Twice the radius
D = 2 r, where r = 5am
= 2xr
= 2x5
D = 10cm

2. Complete the table below.

Radius (cm 6cm 4cm 1cm 12cm
Diameter (cm) _____ _____ _____ ______
Where r = 6cm
D = 2r
D=2xr
D = 2 x 6 cm
D = 12 cm

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Where r = 1 cm
D = 2r
D=2xr
D = 2 x 1cm
D = 2cm

Activity

1. Find the diameter of a circle whose radius is;

a) 5cm
b) 8cm
c) 11cm
2. Study and complete the table below.
Radius 2cm 6cm 7cm 9cm 10cm 14cm 10cm
Diameter ____ ____ ____ _____ _____ _____ _____

FINDING RADIUS OF A CIRCLE WHEN DIAMETER IS GIVEN

Examples
1. Find the radius of a circle whose diameter is 8cm.
Radius = Diameter or D ÷ 2
2
When d = 8cm
r =d
2
r = 8cm
2
r = 4cm

2. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Radius ____ ___ ___
Diameter 10cm 6cm 12cm
When Diameter is 12cm When Diameter is 6cm
r = diameter r = d
2 2
r = 12cm r = 6 cm
2 2
r = 6cm r = 3cm

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Activity
1. Find the radius of a circle whose diameter is;
a) 4cm
b) 6cm
c) 10cm
d) 14cm
2. Study and complete the table below.
Radius ___ ____ ____ ____ ____
Diameter 8cm 16cm 20cm 24cm 30cm

3. Study and complete the table below carefully.

Radius 2cm ___ 6cm _____ 10cm
Diameter ____ 4cm _____ 8cm ____

DRAWING CIRCLES
With different radii
Example:

4cm

Activity
Draw circles of the following radii.
a) 2cm b) 5cm c) 3cm d) 1.5cm
e) 2.5cm f) 2.5 cm g) 1cm h) 4cm
i) 3.5cm
N.B:
They will also measure the radii of circles given.

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PARTS OF A CIRCLE

Circle circular region

Semi
Circle
½ circle semi-circle semi circular
region

¼ ¼

¼ ¼ quarter circle quarter

Quadrant

LINE SEGMENT

A line segment has two end points. E.g:

MEASURING LINE SEGMENTS

DRAWING LINE SEGMENTS WITH DIFFERENT LENGTH

Draw a line of;
a) 4cm b) 6cm c) 8cm d) 5cm
e) 4.5cm f) 12cm g) 2cm h) 7.5cm

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Naming lines and Angels
Lines are named according to the points through which they pass.

P Q
This is line PQ or PQ

A B
This is line AB or AB

X Y
This is line XY or XY

Study the angles formed below

C A
Q

B D

The point of intersection is only one and it is named with letter Q.

The angles formed are;

a) CQA or AQC
b) BQD or DQB
c) BQC or CQB
d) DQA or AQD

Naming the marked angles.

a) U

Y W A O B
Angle ________ Angle _______

TYPES OF ANGLES
- Right angle

- Straight angle

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Right angle add up to 900. Straight angle add up to 1800

Right angle Straight angle

Drawing different angles using a protractor

Draw the following angles using a protractor.

a) 900 b) 600

900 600

Activity
Draw the following angles.
a) 450 b) 700 c) 600 d) 800
e) 1200 f) 1500 g) 300 h) 1000

Finding the unknown angles

Examples

x y
450 540

X + 450 = 900 y + 540 = 900

X + 450 – 450 = 900 – 450 y + 540 - 540 = 900 - 540
X = 900 – 450 y = 900 - 540
X = 450 y = 360

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Exercise
Find the value of the missing angles.
a) b) c)
m k n 200

400 360 600

Solving for the unknown angles

Examples
a) b)

1080 x 1200n
x + 1080 = 1800 n + 1200 = 1800

x + 1080 – 1080 = 1800 – 1080 n + 1200 – 1200= 1800 - 1200

x = 1800 – 1080 n = 1800 - 1200

x = 720 n = 600

Exercises
Solve for the unknown angles.
a) b) c)
1200
x 600 y y 300 b

d) e)

y 450
y y 900m

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ANGLES ON A TRIANGLE
The sum of angles on a triangle is always 1800.
Examples
Find angle p.
200

p 300

p + 200 + 300= 1800

p + 500 = 1800
p + 500 – 500 = 1800 – 500
p = 1300

Activity
Find the missing angles.
a) b) c)
250 n r

850 z 800 300 500 700

d) e)
y 200 m

300 400

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TERM III
ALGEBRA
Writing in short
Examples
1. m + m + m
= 2m + m
= 3m
2. t + t + t + t + t
= 2t + 2t + t
= 4t + t
= 5t
3. g + g + g + 2g
(g +g) + (g + 2g)
= 2g + 3g
= 5g
Exercise
Write in short.
1. p + p = 2. l + l + l + l =
3. q + q + q + q = 4. m + m + m + m + m
5. d + d + d 6. w + w + w + w + w + w
7. e + e + e + e + e 8. h + h + h + h
9. y + y + y + y 10. 2y + y
11. z + z + z + z 12. a + a + a + a + a

Using letters for numbers

Examples
1. 2 balls + 2 balls
= 4 balls

2. 1 pen + 1 pen + 1 pen + pen

Let each pen be p.
1p + 1p + 1p + 1p
= 4p
= 4pens
3. 3 mangoes + 1 mango + 7 mangoes
Let m stand for mangoes
3m + 1 m + 7m
= 10 m
= 10 mangoes
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Activity
1. 2 bananas + 2 bananas
2. 4 cows + 10 cows
3. 2 dogs + 5 dogs
4. 9 cats + 5 cats
5. 5 eggs + 5 eggs
6. 12 pots + 8 pots
7. 15 frogs – 5 frogs
8. 1 tree + 2 trees + 1 tree + 6 trees
9. 22 houses – 12 houses
10. 12 ducks + 18 hens

Using letter to find perimeter of different figures

Examples
1. 2.
4b
9h 10h
3b
5h

P=s+s+s+s P=s+s+s
= 4b + 3b + 4b + 3b = 5h + 9h + 10h
= 7b + 7b = 14h + 10h
= 14b = 24h
3. Simplify: 5b + 4b 4. 3d + 4d + 3d
= 5b + 4b = 3d + 4d + 3d
= 9b = 10d

Activity
Find the perimeter of the following figures.
1. 2. 3.
2b 4h 6h 3p
3b 7h
Simplify the following.
4. 10y + 4y 5. 15m + 6m + m
6. 8k + 2k + 3k 7. 10z + 2z + z
8. 3x + 8x 9. m + 2m + m

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Collecting like terms

Examples
1. Collect like terms a + a + b + b
a+a+b+b
2a + 2b

2. 2a + 2b + a + b
2a + a + 2b + b
3a + 3b

3. x + y + x + 3y + x
x + x + x + y + 3y
3x + 4y

4. m + 3y + m + k
m + m + 3y + k
2m + 3y + k

Activity
1. 2a + 2a + 3b + 3b
2. b + a + b + a
3. 2y + y + y + x
4. 4k + 7h + 3h + 4k
5. 2k + 4m + k + 3d + m
6. b + c + b + d
7. x + 2y + y + 3x
8. 9c + 8c + 2p + p
9. 4z + 4m + z + 6m
10. f + t + f + 3t + f
11. 2x + y + x + y
12. 4z + 8y + 2z + 3x
13. 6p + 5t + 2t + 8t
14. 6x + 2y + 3x + 5y

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More about collecting like terms

Examples
1. Simplify: 5m – 3m 2. 4z – z + 3p – p
= 2m 3z + 2p

3. 9d + 4c – 3c 4. 5a + a – m
9d + c 6a – m

Activity
Simplify the following
a) 7k – 2k b) 4k – k + n
c) 8d – 4d d) 6x – 6y + y
e) 10p – p f) 12p – p + k
g) 6n – 5n h) 6a + a – m
i) 4f – 2f + k j) 2y + 3y – z
k) 8p + 2p – p l) 8t + 4x – 6t + x

Finding unknowns
- Solving equations with one unknown.
- An equation is an algebraic expression with an equal sign
between.
E.g: x + 3 = 5 is an equation and x is unknown.
Examples
X + 3 = 10 2. 4 + x = 15
X + 3 – 3 = 10 – 3 4 – 4 + x = 15 – 4
X = 10 – 3 x = 15 – 4
X=7 x = 11

Activity
Solve the following equations
a) n + 6 = 13 b) k + 9 = 17
c) n + 8 = 12 d) m + 12 = 18
e) n + 4 = 9 f) d + 7 = 24
g) m + 5 = 10 h) 7 + k = 19
i) x + 7 = 19 j) 10 + x = 36
k) a + a = 16 l) 9 + m = 18

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Word problem
Examples
1. I think of a number, add 7 to it and the result is 10. What is
the number?
Let the number be y.
Add7 to it:y + 7
The result is 10: y + 7 = 10
y + 7 = 10
y + 7 – 7 = 10 – 7
y = 10 – 7
y=3
The number is 3
2. What number when added to 5 gives 11?
Let the number be m.
Add to 5: m + 5
Gives 11: m + 5 = 11
m + 5 = 11
m + 5 – 5 = 11 – 5
m = 11 – 5
m=6
The number is 6
3. Seven is added to a number and the result is 15. Find the
number.
Let the number be p.
Seven is added to a number: 7 + p
The result is 15: 7 + p = 15
7 + p = 15
7 – 7 + p = 15 – 7
p = 15 – 7
p=8
The number is 8

Exercise
1. I have a number, I add 5 to it and the result is 29. What is
the number?

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2. When I add 5 to a number, the result is 10. What is the
number?
3. Think of a number and add 3 to it. The answer is 20. What is
the number?
4. I think of a number add 5 to it and the answer is 12. Find the
number.
5. What number when added to 16 gives 30?

Subtraction
Examples
1. Solve: x – 9 = 5
x–9=5
x – 9 + 9 = 5 + 9 (add 9 to each side)
x=5+9
x = 14

2. Work out: q – 20 = 50
q – 20 + 20 = 50 + 20
q = 50 + 20
q = 70

Activity
Solve the following equation.
a) p – 4 = 9 b) p – 8 = 13 c) k – 3 = 12
d) q – 12 = 17 e) d – 8 = 13 f) m – 20 = 30
g) c – 9 = 24 h) z – 45 = 35 i) k – 12 = 21

Word problem
Examples
1. When 3 is subtracted from a number the answer is 10. What
is the number?
Let the number be y.
3 is subtracted from a number: y – 3
The answer is 10: y – 3 = 10
y – 3 = 10
y – 3 + 3 = 10 + 3
y = 10 + 3
y = 13

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2. I think of a number, subtract 4 from it and the result is 45.
Find the number.
Let the number be p
Subtract 4 from it = p – 4
The results is 45: p – 4 = 45

p – 4 = 45
p -4 + 4 = 45 + 4
p = 45 + 4
p = 49

Exercise
1. I think of a number, when I take away three, the number is 7.
What is the number?
2. When 7 is subtracted from a number, the number is 13. What
is the number?
3. I have a number, take away 21 from the number, the result is
6. What is the number?
4. 30 is subtracted from a number and the answer is 25. Find
the number.
5. I think of a number, subtract 12 from it and the answer is 2.
Find the number.

Multiplication
Examples
1. Solve: 3 x q = 12
3q = 12
3q = 124
3 31
q=4

2. m x 7 = 14
7m = 14
7 7
m = 142
71
m=2

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Exercise
Work out the following.
a) 4 x m = 18 b) k x 7 = 63 c) 6 x t = 24
d) f x 10 = 90 e) 7 x p = 42 f) 5 x c = 65
g) 8 x q = 48 h) 8 x g = 96 i) r x 5 = 30

Word problem
Examples
1. A number is multiplied by 10 and the result is 30. What is
the number?
Let the number be p.
Multiplied by 10: p x 10
The result is 30: p x 10 = 30
p x 10 = 30
10p = 30
10 10
p =3
The number is 3

2. 5 is multiplied by a number and the result is 120. What is

the number?
Let the number be m.
5 multiplied by it: 5 x m
The result is 120: 5 x m = 120
5 x m = 120
5m = 120
5m = 120
5 5
m = 24

Exercise
1. I think of a number multiplied by 3 the result is 9. What is
the number?
2. A number is multiplied by 9 and the result is 90. What is the
number?
3. A number is multiplied by 6 and the result is 24. Find the
number.

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4. 8 is multiplied by a number and the result is 48. What is the
number?
5. I have a number, when 1 multiply it by 6 the answer is 36.
Find the number.
6. 5 is multiplied by a certain number gives 60. Find the
number.
Division
Examples
1. Solve: m ÷ 6 = 8
m =8
6
6xm =8x6
6
m = 48
2. Solve: 36 ÷ x = 9
x x 36 = 9 x x
x
36 = 9 x x
36 = 9x
9x = 36
9 9
x =4
Activity
Solve the following.
a) m ÷ 3 = 9 b) 30 ÷ m = 5 c) h ÷ 9 = 6
d) 48 ÷ y = 6 e) m ÷ 2 = 7 f) 35 ÷ y = 5
g) d ÷ 5 = 9 h) k ÷ 8 = 8 i) 24 ÷ x = 8
More about division
Examples
1. Work out: m = 8
6
6xm =8x6
6
m=8x6
m = 48

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2. Solve: 36 = 9
x
x x 36 = 9 x x
x
36 = 9 x x

36 = 9x
9 9
4=x
Therefore x = 4
Activity
Work out the following
a) t = 13 b) p = 7 c) n = 4
2 7 11

d) k = 5 e) b = 10 f) 24 = 8
7 11 x
More about division
Examples
1. Solve: 7x = 35
7x = 35
7 7
x =5

2. Solve: 9z = 72
9z = 72
9 9
z=8

Exercise
Solve the following
a) 3x = 42 b) 8f = 32 c) 7p = 14
d) 4m = 28 e) 8d = 24 f) 5k = 25
g) 6x = 72 h) 6x = 30 i) 7p = 63
j) 3k = 21 k) 10a = 40 l) 11k = 66
m) 13p = 26 n) 15t = 30 o) 12d = 108

Word problem
Examples
1. A number is divided by 3 and the result is 10. Find the
number.
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Let the number be p.
Divided by 3: p ÷ 3

The result is 10: p ÷ 3 = 10

P ÷ 3 = 10
p = 10
3
3 x p = 10 x 3
3
p = 30
The number is 30

2. 36 is divided by a number and the result is 18. What is the

number?
Let the number be m.
36 is divided by it: 2 ÷ m
The result is 18: 36 ÷ m = 18
36 ÷ m = 18
36 = 18
m
m x 36 = 18 x m
m
36 = 18 m
18 18
2=m
m=2
Exercise
1. 21 divided by a number gives 7. What is the number?
2. 1 think of a number divide it by 5 and the result is 2. What is
the number?
3. I have a number, when I divide it by 9 the result is 6. What is
the number?
4. 30 is divided by a number and the result is 5. Find the
number.
5. P is divided by 2 and the result is 7. What is the value of p?
Substitution
Substitution means replacing.
Examples
1. If g = 4, find 3 x g

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3xg
=3x4
= 12

2. If m = 5 , n = 2, find;
a) m – 2 b) m + n c) 2m d) 3 m
5–2 5+2 2xm 5
= 3 = 7 = 2x5 = 3/5 x5
= 10 = 3x1
= 3
Activity
If b = 8, find the value of;
a) 2b b) 3b c) ½ b d) b + 1
e) 12 – b f) b/2 g) 3b/2 h) 2b + 1
i) b x b

More about substitution

Examples
If m = 2, n = 5 , z = 10, find the value of;
a) m + n + z b) z+n–m
2 + 5 + 10 10 + 5 – 2
= 7 + 10 = 15 – 2
= 17 = 13

c) m n d) ½z
mxn ½xz
= 2x5 = ½ x 10
= 10 = 5

e) 2 z f) z
5 m
= 2 x 10 10
5 2
= 2x2 =5
= 4

Activity
1. Given a = 2 , b = 3 , c = 4, find the value of;
a) a + b + c b) c + a c) a + c – b

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d) a + b – c e) a x b f) b c
g) c
a

2. Given p = 4 , z = 8 , n = 10, find the value of;

a) P z b) 2/5 n c) p +z
2
d) 2p + 2n e) 3z – 2p f) pz – n

g) 2n
p

More about unknowns

Examples
1. Solve: 2y + 2 = 20
2y + 2 – 2 = 20 – 2
2y = 20 – 2
2y = 18
2y = 18
2 2
y=9

2. Solve: 3p – 6 = 9
3p – 6+6 = 9 + 6
3p = 15
3p = 15
3 3
p=5

Activity
Solve the following equations
a) 2y + 4 = 20 b) 2y + 2 = 8 c) 5y + 5 = 20
d) 2y – 2 = 2 e) 6y + 6 = 36 f) 3p – 1 = 5
g) 5m – 2 = 8

MEASURES (MONEY)
Addition of money
Money is a medium of exchange.
Examples of money
Sh. 100, sh. 200 , sh. 300 , sh. 500 , sh. 100o, sh. 5000 e.t.c
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Examples
1. Add sh. 170 + sh. 250
Sh. 170
+ sh. 250
sh. 420

2. John had sh. 4500 and Mary had sh. 3750. How much money
do the two children have altogether?
Sh. 4500
+ Sh. 3750
Sh. 8250

Activity
1. Add: Sh. 190 2. Add: Sh. 380 3. Add: Sh.4540
+ Sh. 260 + Sh. 1490 + Sh. 3680

4. Add: Sh. 1780

+ Sh. 2640

5. I had sh. 480 and I was given sh. 1260. How much do I
have altogether?
6. A porter earns sh. 1500 in the morning and sh. 2700 in
the afternoon. How much does the porter earn altogether?
7. A mother bought meat for sh. 2500 and a bunch of
matooke for sh. 4550. How much did she spend
altogether?
8. Alice’s school fees is sh. 7850 and Jane’s school fees is sh.
1890. How muchmoney do the two pupils pay altogether?
Changing shillings to cents
A cent is a small unit of shillings
1 shilling = 100cents
Cents can also be written as “Cts”
Examples
1. Change 3 shilling to cents.
1 sh = 100cts
3 sh = (3 x 100)cts
= 300cts

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3sh = 300 cts

2. Write 250sh in cents.

1 sh = 100cts
250sh = (250 x 100)cts
250sh = 2500cts

Activity
Change the following shillings to cents.
a) Sh. 25 b) sh. 8 c) sh. 60
d) sh. 150 e) sh. 100 f) sh. 36

g) sh. 1700 h) sh. 1256 i) sh. 9900

Changing cents to shillings

Examples
1. Change 400 cents to shilling
100cents = 1sh
400cts = (400 ÷ 100)sh
= 400 sh
100
= 4 sh
Therefore; 400cts = sh.4
2. Change two thousand cents to shillings.
100cts = 1sh
2000cts = (2000 ÷ 100)sh
= 2000 sh
100
= 20sh
Therefore; 2000cts = sh. 20

Activity
Change the following cents to shillings.
a) 200cts b) 655cts c) 1260cts
d) 400cts e) 900cts f) 1780 cts
g) 380 cts h) 770cts i) 1980cts
j) 2500cts

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Subtraction of money
Examples
1. Subtract sh. 9000 – sh. 2000
Sh. 9000
- Sh. 2000
Sh. 7000

2. Agaba had a ten thousand shilling note and he spent sh. 2500
on transport. What was his change?
Sh. 10000
- Sh. 2500
Sh. 7500

Activity
a) Find how much change
I have the following I spent My change
notes
Sh. 5000 Sh. 2500 __
Sh. 8000 Sh. 4050 __
Sh. 10,000 Sh. 6550 __
Sh. 10,000 Sh. 8500 __
Sh. 20,000 Sh. 4955 __

b) How much change do I get if I spend 6500 from 20,000/=?

c) Naigino had sh. 5000. If she spends sh. 3750 on Vaseline,
what is her change?

Multiplication of money
Examples
1. Multiply: sh. 896
x 6
Sh. 5376

2. Find the cost of 5 books if one book costs sh. 320.

1 book costs 320/=
5 books will cost sh. 320
x 5
Sh. 1600

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Activity
1. Work out;
a) Sh. 945 b) sh. 1500 c) sh. 490
x 2 x 9 x 5

2. The cost of 1 book is sh. 370. Find the cost of 10 books.

3. How much will you pay for;
a) 2 packets of wheat flour at sh. 2550 a packet.
b) 2kg of rice at sh. 950 a kg.
c) 2 tins of margarine at sh. 2100 a tin.
d) 4 cartons of soap at sh. 6150 a carton.
e) 6 tins of kimbo at sh. 2900 a tin
f) The cost of one loaf of bread is sh. 1600. Find the cost of 3
loaves of bread.
Division of money
Example
A shopkeeper sold 4 crates of soda for sh. 7200. What was the cost
of one crate of soda?
Cost of 4 crates = sh. 7200
1800
Cost of 1 crate = 4 7200
1 x 4= - 4
32
8 x 4= - 32
0
0 x 4= -0
0
0 x 4= -0
The cost of 1 crate of soda is sh. 1800
Activity
1. Divide sh. 128000 among 4 girls. How much will each girl get?
2. A farmer sold 8 bags of coffee for sh. 40000. What was the price
of one bag?
3. A shopkeeper sold 4 loaves of bread for sh.7200. What was the
cost of one loaf of bread?
4. Agutu bought 9 litres of petrol for sh. 14850. What was the cost
of petrol per litre?

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PROFIT AND LOSS
Finding profit
What is profit?
Profit is the money you make in a business or by selling things
especially after paying the costs involved.
Example:
Abdul bought a shirt at sh. 800. He later sold it at sh. 1000. What
is his profit?

Profit = selling price – Buying price (cost price)

= SP- CP
Selling price = sh. 1000
Cost price = - sh. 800
Profit = 200

Activity
1. A man bought a goat at sh. 35000 and sold it at sh. 42000. How
much was his gain?
2. Jermaine bought a pen at sh. 500 and sold it at sh. 700. What
was his profit?
3. Belle sold a book at sh. 900. She had bought it at sh. 750. What
was her profit?
4. Aidah bought a packet of sugar at sh. 1500 and sold it at sh.
20000. What was her gain?
5. The price of a dress was sh. 12000. It was later sold at sh.
15000. What was the profit?
Finding loss
What is a loss?
A loss is money that has been lost by the business or an
organization.

Example
David bought a book at sh. 1200 and sold it at sh. 800. What was
his loss?
Loss = cost price – selling price
Loss = CP – SP
Buying price = sh. 1200
Selling price = - sh. 800
Loss = sh. 400

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Activity
1. Annet bought a geometry set at sh. 2800 and sold it at sh. 220.
What was her loss?
2. What was the loss on a commodity bought at sh. 2000 and sold
it at 1700/=
3. A box of kimbo is bought at sh.3500 and is sold at sh. 2900.
What was the loss?
4. John bough a pen at sh. 1800 and sold it at sh.1300. What was
his loss?
5. Dr. Pius bought a tin of panadol at sh. 12000 and sold it at sh.
9500. What was his loss?

POSTAGE RATES
Study the table
Articles Destination Charge
Uganda Sh. 150
East Africa Sh. 400
Letter Africa Sh. 500
Europe Sh. 500
Asia Sh. 500
America Sh. 550
Small parcels (air) Uganda Sh. 1200
East Africa Sh. 10,000
Africa Sh. 11000
Europe Sh. 16000
Asia Sh. 22500
America Sh.8450
Aerogrammes Sh. 300@
Post cards Sh. 300@

Questions about the table

Example
Joseph sends 2 letters to Kenya and 3 letters to Tanzania. How
much will he pay altogether?
For 2 letters to Kenya will pay sh. 400 x 2 = 800/=
For 3 letters to Tanzania will pay sh. 400x 3 = + 12000/=
Joseph will pay 2000 shillings 2000/=

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Activity
1. Ndugga set 2 letters to Europe and bought 5 post cards. What
was his total bill?
2. If a lady sends 4 letters to Asia and a small parcel to America.
Calculate her total bill.
3. How much money will Kato pay if he sends 3 letters to Mbarara
and 2 letters to Euroope?
4. Atim bought 10 post cards and 15 aerogrammes. How much
money did he use?

MEASURES (TIME)
Changing hours to minutes
Examples
1. Change 4 hours to minutes.
1 hour = 60 minutes
4 hours = (4 x 60)
= 240 minutes

2. Change 3 ¼ hours to minutes.

3 ¼ hours = (3 + ¼ )hours
1 hour = 60mins
3 hours = 3 x 60 = 180 minutes
¼ hours = ¼ x 60 = 15 minutes
3 ¼ hours = (180 + 15) minutes
= 195 minutes
Task
Change the following hours to minutes.
a) 2 hours b) 5 hours c) 3 ½ hours
d) ½ an hour e) 16 hours f) 4 ¾ hours
g) 10 hours h) 11 hours i) 1 ¼ hours
j) 30 hours
k) A boy walked for 1 ½ hours. How much time was this in
minutes?
Changing minutes to hours
1. Write 60 minutes in hours.
60 min = 1
60 60
60
--
60min = 1 hour
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2. Write 70 minutes in hours.
70 min = 1
60 70
60
10
70 min = 1 hour 10 minutes
Activity
Write the following in hours and minutes.
a) 120 minutes b) 100 minutes c) 130 minutes
d) 90 minutes e) 80 minutes f) 200 minutes
g) 110 minutes h) 150 minutes
i) a lesson took 140 minutes. How long was the lesson in
hours?
j) A machine takes 140 minutes to wash 70 shirts. How long
is this in hours?
Addition of time
Examples
1. Work out:
Hrs Min
3 40 40 + 30 = 70 min
+ 4 30 1 hr = 60 min
8 10 70 ÷ 60 = 1 rem 10

2. Hrs Min
1 50 50 + 15 + 30 = 95min
2 15 1 hr = 60min
+ 3 30 95 ÷ 60 = 1 rem 35
7 35

Activity
Add the following
a) Hrs Min b) Hrs Min
1 30 6 35
+3 35 +7 46

c) Hrs Min d) Hrs Min

4 15 4 30
+3 40 +3 50

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e) Hrs Min f) Hrs Min
2 25 4 05
1 35 5 45
+3 30 + 1 30

Subtraction of time
1. Work out the following.
a) Hrs Min b) Hrs Mins
18 30 3 25
- 6 05 - 1 45
12 hr 25 min 1 hr 40min

2. Timothy spent a total of 5 hours and 20 minutes at school. He

played 1 hour 30 minutes. For how long did he stay in class?
Hrs Min
Total time at school 5 20
Time spent playing - 1 30
Time in class 3hrs 50min

Activity
1. Subtract the following.
a) Hrs Min b) Hrs Min
5 48 6 25
-1 15 - 3 40

2. A party lasted 6hours 30 minutes. If 1 hour 45 minutes were

used to secure food, how long did the other events take?

Multiplication of time
Examples
Work out;
a) Hrs Min
2 25 3 x 25 = 75
x 3 75 ÷ 60 = 1 rem 15
7 15

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b) Hrs Min
7 30 5 x 39 = 150
x 5 150 ÷ 60 = 2 rem 30
37 30

Activity
a) Hrs Min b) Hrs Min
3 10 2 15
x 4 x 4

c) Hrs Min d) Hrs Min

3 11 1 45
x 5 x 2

Division of time
Examples
1. Divide 9 hours 30 mins by 3
Hrs Min
3 10
39 30
9 30

2. Divide 24 hours 40 min by 8

Hrs Min
3 05
8 24 40
24 40

Activity
a) Hrs Min b) Hrs Min
4 12 48 3 6 15

c) Hrs Min
9 9 45

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TIME IN A.M AND P.M
a.m means - ant – meridian
Ante – meridian means before midday.
We use “A.M for morning time only.
P.M means post meridian
The time after noon is post meridian or p.m.
A day starts at 12 midday.

Activity
Complete the following tables
After 1 hr 3 hrs 5 hrs 6 hrs 9 hrs 12 hrs
mid
night
Time as 1:00am ___ ___ 6:00am ___ ___
a.m

After 1 hr 3 hrs 7 hrs 9 hrs 11 hrs 12 hrs

noon
Time as 1:00am ___ ___ ___ ___ Mid
p.m night

Finding time in A.M and P.M

Examples
1. Express 6 o’clock in the morning using a.m or p.m
6 o’clock in the morning is 6:00am

2. Express 8 o’clock in the evening using a.m or p.m

8’oclock in the evening is 8:00pm

Activity
Write the following time in a.m or p.m
1. The time when the first lesson begins at 8 o’clock.
2. The time when you have lunch at 1 o’clock.
3. What time is a half past 3 o’clock in the afternoon?
4. The time when we play games at 4 o’clock.
5. The time you go to sleep at 8 o’clock.

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Finding duration
Examples
Hassan started walking from his home at 7:15am and reached
school at 8:15am. How long did it take him?
Reached school at 8 : 15
Started walking at - 7 : 15
He took 1 : 00 hr
Hassan took 1 hour

Activity
1. A mathematics lesson started at 8:15am and ended at 9:35am.
How long did it take?
2. The baby slept at 1:15am and woke up at 3:00pm. How long did
it take sleeping?
3. A concert started at 4:30pm and ended at 10:20pm. How long
was the concert?
4. Joselyne read a newspaper from 6:30pm to 7:25pm. How long
did she take reading the news paper?
5. An examination started at 8:45am and ended at 11:am. How
long did it take?
Note:
Hours, Days, Weeks, Months and years
60 minutes = 1 hour
24 hours = 1 day
7 days = 1 week
14 days = 1 fortnight (2 weeks)
4 weeks = 1 month
52 weeks = 1 year
12 months = 1 year
Hours, Days and weeks
Changing hours to days
Example
1. How many days are there in 72 hours?
24 hours make 1 day
1 hour make 1 day
24 hours
72 hours make 1 day x 72 3hours
24 1 hours
= 3 days

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Activity
How many days are there in;
a) 48 hours b) 216 hours c) 60 hours
d) 240 hours e) 120 hours f) 144 hours

Changing days to hours

Example
How many hours are there in 5 days?
In one day there are 24 hours
In 5 days there are 24 x 5 = 120 hours
In 5 days there are 120 hours

Activity
There are 24 hours in 1 day. How many hours are there in;
a) 4 days b) 6 days c) 10 days
d) 13 days e) 15 days f) 17 days
g) 19 days h) 21 days i) 24 days
j) 30 days k) 92 days l) 50 days

Changing weeks to days

Examples
1. 1 week has 7 days
How many days are there in 8 weeks?
1 week = 7 days
8 weeks = (8 x 7) days
= 56 days

2. How many days are there in 12 weeks?

1 week = 7 days
12 weeks = (12 x 7) days
= 84 days
Activity
How many days a re there in;
a) 3 weeks b) 7 weeks c) 10 weeks
d) 12 weeks e) 15 weeks f) 20 weeks
g) 24 weeks h) 30 weeks i) 35 weeks
j) 42 weeks k) 49 weeks l) 50 weeks

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Changing days to weeks
Examples
1. How many weeks are there in 63 days?
7 days make 1 week
63 days make 63/7 or 63 ÷ 7
= 9 weeks
2. How many weeks are in 105 days?
7 days = 1 week
105 days = 105/7 or 105 ÷ 7
= 15 weeks

Activity
How many weeks are there in;
a) 21 days b) 35 days c) 49 days
d) 70 days e) 910 days f) 91 days
g) 315 days h) 707 days i) 637 days

Addition of days and weeks

Examples
1. Work out; Weeks Days
1 3 3+2=5
+2 2 1+2=3
3 5

2. Weeks Days
5 5 5 + 6 = 11
+ 4 6 11 ÷ 7 = 1 rem 4
10 4 1 + 5 + 4 = 10

Assignment
a) Weeks Days b) Weeks Days
2 4 12 6
+1 5 +4 5

c) Weeks Days d) Weeks Days

9 5 20 4
+2 3 + 11 3

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Subtraction of days and weeks

Example
1. Work out:
Weeks Days
3 2 (2 + 7) – 5
-1 5 9 – 5 = 4 days
1 4 (3 – 1) – 1
2 – 1 = 1 week
2. Week Days
6 0 (0 + 7) - 6
- 3 6 7–6=1
2 1 (6 – 1) - 3
5–3=2
Activity
Work out the following.
a) Wks Days b) Wks Days
4 3 8 2
-1 4 - 3 5

c) Wks Days d) Wks Days

12 1 7 4
-8 5 - 2 6

Ordinary year and leap year

- An ordinary year has got 365 days.
- A leap year has got 366 days.
- An ordinary year gives a remainder when divided by 4.
- A leap year gives no remainder when divided by 4.
The days of the months are;
January 31 days
February 28/29 days
March 31 days
April 30 days
May 31 days
June 30 days
July 31 days
August 31 days
September 30 days
October 31 days
November 30 days
December 31 days
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In the month of February, if the number of days are 28 then that
year is an ordinary year and 29 days is a leap year.

MEASURES (LENGTH)
Changing Metres(M) to centimeters (CM)
Examples
1. Change 3 metres to centimeters
1m = 100cm
3m = (3 x 100) cm
= 300cm

2. Change 3m + 2m + 2m to cm
3m + 2m + 2m = 7m
1m = 100cm
7m = (7 x 100)cm
= 700cm
Activity
Change the following to centimeters.
a) 4m b) (2 + 5 + 4)m c) 27m
d) 6m e) 18m f) (4 + 1 + 8)m
g) 14m h) 23m i) (3x5)m
j) Complete the table below.
Cm 100 ____ 300 ___ 500 ___ 700
M 1 2 ____ 4 ____ 6 7

Changing centimeters (M) to metres(M)

Examples
1. Change 200cm to m
100cm = 1m
200cm = 200
100
= 2m

2. Change 800 centimetres to metres

100cm = 1m
800cm = 800
100
= 8m

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Activity
Change the following to metres.
a) 100cm b) 300cm c) 500cm
d) 700cm e) 400cm f) 600cm
g) 900cm h) 1000cm

Addition in metres and centimeters

Examples
1. Add;m cm
2 45
+ 6 36
8 81

2. Add;m cm
8 25 25 + 85 = 110
+ 6 85 110 ÷ 100 = 1 rem 10
15 10 1m = 10cm
1 + 8 + 6 = 15m

Activity
1. Work out the following.
a) m cm b) m cm
3 42 19 45
+4 17 + 14 18

c) m cm d) m cm
4 25 24 40
+ 4 10 + 19 17

2. Odyeke has 13m 82cm of wire. His friend has 18m 36cm of
wire. What is the total length of both wires?

Subtraction of metres and centimeters

Examples
1. Subtract; m cm
6 80
- 2 60
4 20

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2. Subtract; m cm
9 24 100 + 14 = 124
- 5 30 124 – 30 = 94
3 94 8–5=3

3. Otim had a ribbon measuring 15m 36cm. HE cut off 9m

21cm. What length remained?
m cm
15 36 Otim had
- 9 21 He cut off
6 15 Length that remained

Activity
Work out the following.
a) m cm b) m cm
7 30 9 60
- 2 10 -4 20

c) m cm d) m cm
10 15 12 70
- 6 30 - 6 40

e) Isa had a string measuring 25m 15cm. He cut off 18m

35cm. What length of the string did he remain with?
f) Subtract 3m 75cm from 11m 20cm

Multiplication of metres and centimeters

Examples
Work out the following.
1. Mary , Joseph and Joan each bought 3m 45cm of cloth.
What was the total length of the cloth bought?
m cm
3 45
x 3
10 35

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2. A family of 7 people got 8m 25cm of cloth each. What was
the total length of cloth got by the whole family?
m cm
8 25
x 7
57 75

Activity
1. Find the total height of 4 boys each 1m 52cm tall.
2. Find the total length of 8 roper each 2m 36cm.
3. Opio, Odeke and Odong each had 9m 54cm of cloth. What was
the total length of their cloth?
4. Ali, Aisha and Aida shared a ribbon. If each got 5m 35cm long.
What was the length of the ribbon shared?
5. 7 boys had pieces of wire measuring 5m 75cm each. Find the
total length of the wire which they had.
6. Kate and Regina had 6m 50cm of string each. Find the total
length of string they had altogether.
Division of metres and centimeters
Examples
1. The piece of timber Bob and Pablo shared equally was 8m 10cm
long. What length and each got?
m cm
4 05
2 8 10
4x2 - 8
10
5x2 - 10
Each got 4m 5cm long

2. The length of a string is 15m 24cm. Divide the string into 3

equal pieces. What is the length each piece?
m cm
05 08
3 15 24
- 15
24
- 24
Each piece of string is 5m 8cm

123
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Activity
1. 4 girls shared 36m 28cm of cloth equally. What length of cloth
did each girl get?
2. Divide 21m 12cm by 3.
3. Agnes had a string measuring 5m 45cm, if he cut it into 5 equal
pieces, how long was each piece?
4. 6 workers divided equally 24m 18cm of a road for cleaning. What
part did each clean?
5. 7 boys shared 50m 25cm of cloth equally. Find the length of
each piece of cloth?
Changing metres to kilometres
Note: 1000m = 1 kilometres
Examples
1. Work out
Change 3000 m to km
1000m = 1km
3000m = 3000
1000
= 3km

2. Change 20000m to km
1000m = 1km
20000m = 20000
1000
= 20km
Activity
Change the following to kilometres
a) 14000m b) 25000m c) 8000m
d) 1000m e) 30000m f) 5000m
g) 6000m h) 12000m
i) Deo walked a distance of 4000m from home to school. What
distance did he walk in kilometres?
Changing kilometres into metres
Examples
Change the following to metres
1. 5km to m
1km = 1000m
5km = 5 x 1000
= 5000m

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2. 12km to metres
1km = 1000m
12km = 12 x 1000
= 12000m
3. Abdul covered 7km while running. What distance did he run
in metres.
1km = 1000m
7km = 7 x 1000
= 7000m
Activity
Change the following measures in metres
a) 4km b) 16km c) 30km
d) 19km e) 24km
f) A cyclist covered a distance of 5km. What is this distance in
metres?
Addition of kilometres and metres

Examples
1. Add 15km 880m to 6km 750m
Km m
15 880 880 + 750 = 1630
+ 6 750 1630 ÷ 1000 = 1km 630m
22 630

Assignment
a) Km m b) km m
13 530 58 460
+ 8 670 + 17 780

c) A road construction company made 24km 855m of the

road on Monday and 37km 255m on Tuesday. What
distance of the road did they make?

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Subtraction of kilometres and metres
Examples
1. Subtract: km m
46 260
- 12 150
34 110

2. Subtract 130km 690 from 280km 455m

Km m
280 455
- 130 690
149 765
Activity
Subtract the following.
a) Km m b) km m
47 290 700 450
- 23 280 - 500 350

c) km m
90 55
- 35 85

d) Subtract 15km 680m from 23km 750m.

e) From a length of 315km 425m subtract 285km 315m.

Multiplication of kilometres and metres

Examples
1. Work out: km m
8 350
x 3
25 50

2. Km m
15 320
x 3
45 960

126
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Activity
Work out the following.
a) Km m b) km m
7 300 9 250
x 8 x 6

c) km m d) km m
13 200 8 140
x 3 x 5

Division of kilometres and metres

Examples
1. Divide 24km 40km by 4
Km m
6 10
4 24 40
24
40
40
Activity
Work out the following
a) Km m b) km m

5 50 150 4 32 240

c) km m d) km m

8 16 2400 9 81 270

e) Divide 66km 660m by 6

f) 21km 14m ÷ 7

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MEASURES (PERIMETER)
Perimeter is the total distance round a figure.
Examples
1. Find the perimeter of the figure below.
P 7cm Q

2cm 2cm

S 7cm R

Perimeter = PQ + QR + RS + SP
= 7cm + 2cm + 7cm + 2cm
= 18cm
2. Find the perimeter of the figure below.
5cm

3cm

5cm
2cm

8cm
Perimeter = Add all sides round the figure
= 5cm + 3cm + 2cm + 8cm + 5cm
= 26cm
Perimeter= 26cm
3.
5cm 6cm

7cm
Perimeter = s + s + s
= 5cm + 6cm + 7cm
= 18cm

4.
4cm

All sides are equal

Perimeter = s + s + s + s
= 4cm + 4cm + 4cm + 4cm
= 16cm
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5.
4cm

6cm 7cm

10cm
Perimeter = 6cm + 4cm + 7cm + 10cm
= 27cm
Activity
Find the perimeter of the following figures.
a) b) 12cm
7cm 8cm
8cm

9cm

c) d) 10cm

5cm 9cm 12cm

18cm

MEASURES (AREA)
Area is the amount of space covered by a flat surface.
Finding the area of figure.

3cm

6cm

Length(L) = 6cm
Width (W) = 3cm
Area = L x W
= 6cm x 3cm
= 6 x 3 x cm x cm
= 18cm2
Or 18 square cm

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3dm

5dm
Length(L) = 5dm
Width (W) = 3dm
A = Lx W
= 5dm x 3dm
= 15dm2

Activity
Find the area of the figures below.
a) b) 5m
4m 2m

c) 4dm
2dm d) 6cm

Finding the area by separating figures

Find the area of the figure below.
2cm 2cm
3cm
5cm 3cm 5cm A B 3cm
3cm
5cm
Area of rectangle A = L x W
= 5cm x 2cm
= 5 x 2 x cm x cm
= 10cm2
Area of rectangle B = L x W
= 3cm x 3cm
= 3 x 3 x cm x cm
= 9cm2
Total area of the figure (A + B)
= (10cm2 + 9cm2)
= 19cm2
Alternatively – separation of figure
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Activity
Find the area of the figures below.
a) 3cm b) 6cm

5cm 5cm
8cm 4cm
3cm 4 cm
6cm
7cm
Finding the area of a triangle
Examples
1. Find the area of the figures below.
base (b) has 6 units
height (h) has 4 units
h Area of a triangle
= ½ x base x height
b = ½ x 6 x 4 units
= 1 x 3 x 4 units
= 12 units squared
= 12 square units

5cm

6cm

base (b) = 6cm

height (h) = 5cm

Area = ½ x b x h

= ½ x 6cm x 5cm

= ½ x 30cm2

= 15cm2

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Activity
Find the area of the figures.
a) b) c) 6cm
12cm 7cm
4cm
8cm 6cm

CAPACITY
Finding half and quarter litres
Note:
1 litre = 2 half litres
2 litres = (2 + 2) half litres
3 litres = (2 + 2 + 2) half litres
1 litre = 4 quarter litres
2 litres = (4 + 4) quarter litres
3 litres = (4 + 4 + 4) quarter litres

Examples
Work out the following.
1. How many ½ litre bottles are in 1 litre container?
1÷½
1x2
1

2 half litre bottles are in 1 litre

2. How many ¼ litres are in 2 litres

2÷¼
2x4
1
8 quarter litres are in 2 litres

3. How many ½ litre bottles are in a 3 litre container?

3÷½
3x2
1
6 half litre bottles are in 3 litre container

132
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Activity
1. How many ½ litres are in a 5 litre container?
2. How many ¼ litre bottlea are in a 1 litre container?
3. How many ¼ litre bottles are in 4 litres?
4. Namuddu has 6 litres. How many ½ litres has she got?
5. Divide 4 litres of milk into ½ litres. How many half litres will you
get?

Addition of litres and half litres

Examples
1. Add 1 ½ litres and 2 ½ litres
(1 ½ + 2 ½) litres = 1+2+½+½
= 3+ 1+1
2
= 3+1
= 4 litres

2. Mukuli had 2 ½ litres of milk and 4 litres of milk. How much

milk does he have altogether?
(4 + 2 ½) litres = 4 + 2 ½
= 6 ½ litres

Activity
1. Add ½ a litre to 3 ½ litres.
2. What is the sum of 2 ½ litres and 4 ½ litres?
3. Atwine drank 3 ½ litres of bear. She took another 2 litres. How
many litres did she drink altogether?
4. There were 6 ½ litres of petrol in a car fuel tank. If 7 ½ litres
were added, how many litres were there altogether?
5. Increase 10 ½ litres by 4 ½ litres
6. Add 5 ½ litres to 3 ½ litres

Addition of litres
Example
1. Add 80 litres of milk to 40 litres of milk.
80 litres
+ 40 litres
120 litres

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2. A home uses 95 litres of water in the morning and 87 litres in
the afternoon. How much water is used in a day?
Morning 95 litres
Afternoon + 87 litres
They use 182 litres

Activity
1. A drum contains 86 litres of juice. Another 46litres is added.
How many litres of juice does the drum now hold?
2. Apedo sold 78 litres of milk on Monday and 74 litres on
Wednesday. How many litres of milk did he sell altogether?
3. Add 124 litres to 3456 litres.
4. Add 145 litres to 1134 litres and 36 litres.
5. Three families use 70 litres, 80 litres and 111 litres of paraffin
respectively. How many litres do they use altogether?
Changing litres to milliliters
Examples
1. Express 2 litres as milliliters
1 litre = 1000ml
2 litres = (2 x 1000)ml
= 2000 ml
2. Express 15 litres as milliliters
1l = 1000ml
15 l = (15 x 1000) ml
= 15,000ml
Changing milliliters to litres
Examples
1. Convert 400ml to litres
1000ml = 1l
1 ml = 1l
1000
4000ml = 1 x 4000l
1000
= 4 litres

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2. Express 500ml as litres.
1000ml = 1 litre
1ml = 1l
1000
500ml = 1 x 500 l
1000
= ½ litre
OR = 0.5 litre

Activity
1. Change the following to ml.
a) 2l b) 6l c) 3l
d) 5l e) 12l f) 7l

2. Change the following to litres.

a) 7000ml b) 3000ml c) 15000ml
d) 5000ml e) 10000ml f) 22000ml

Addition of litres and millitres

Examples
1. Add
L ml
7 250
+ 2 400
9 650

2. I have 150 litres 200ml of water. Awiimwe gives me 120 litres

800ml of water. How much water do I have now?
L ml
150 200 200+ 800 = 1000
+ 120 800 1000 ÷ 1000 = 1 rem 0
171 000

Activity
1. Add
a) L ml b) l ml
3 340 12 48
+ 8 220 + 06 24

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2. Add 16 litres 720 ml to 8 litres 250ml.

3. A banker used 4 litres 570ml of cooking oil. She later used
another 15 litres 110ml more. How much oil did she use?

Subtraction of litres and millitres

Examples
1. Subtract
L ml
12 48
- 08 36
04 12

2. From 50l 65ml take away 42 l 58ml.

L ml
59 65
- 42 58
08 07

3. A taxi driver bought 30 litres 450 millilitres of fuel from the

petrol station and used 18 litres 300ml. How much fuel did he
remain with?

L ml
He bought 30 450
He used - 18 300
He remained with 12 150
Multiplication of litres and milliliters
Examples
1. Work out
L ml
14 28
4
36 112

2. L ml
42 50
x 5
210 250

136
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Activity
Work out the following.
a) L ml b) l ml
12 10 36 42
x 5 x 6

c) l ml d) l ml
64 48 213 520
x 7 x 2

Division of litres and millitres

Examples
a) Divide 14l 24ml by 2.
07l 12ml
2 14l 24ml
-0 24
14
14

b) A factory uses 42l 30ml of fuel in 6days. How much fuel does
the same factory use in one day.
07l 05ml
6 42l 30ml
- 0
42
42

Activity
Work out the following.
a) 2 16l 18ml b) 6 12l 24ml

c) 3 9l 12ml d) 7 21l 28ml

e) 4 12l 16ml f) 8 24l 32ml

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WEIGHT
Changing kilograms to grams
Examples
1. Convert 2 kg to grams
1 kg = 1000g
2kg = (2 x 1000)g
= 2000g

2. ½ kg
1kg = 1000g
½ kg = ½ x 1000g
= 500g

3. 2.5kg
1kg = 1000g
2.5kg = (2.5 x 1000)g
= 2500g

Changing grams to kilograms

Examples
1. Express 2000g as kg
1000g = 1 kg
1g = 1 kg
1000
2000g = 1 x 2000
1000
= 2 kg

2. Change 4500 to kg
1000g = 1kg
1g = 1 kg
1000
4500g = 1 x 4500
1000
= 4.5 kg

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Addition of kilograms and grams
Examples
1. Add: kg g
2 250
+ 3 150
5 400g

2. Find the sum of 104kg 420g and 187kg 350g

Kg g
104 420
+ 187 350
291 770

3. A farmer took 2 sacks of coffee to the store for sell. One

weighed 96kg 480g and the other 88kg 776g. Find the total
weight of the two bags.
Kg g
96 480 480 + 776 = 1256
+ 88 776 1kg = 1000g
185 256 1256 ÷ 1000 = 1 rem 256

Activity
1. What is the total weight when you add 40kg 130g to 24kg 243g?
2. Add 12kg 125g to 132kg 820g.
3. Add 136kg 268g to 98kg 75g.
4. What is the sum of 709kg 285g and 98kg 56g.
5. Alice bought 25kg 135g of rice. She later bought 15kg 234g
more. How much rice did she buy?

Subtraction of kilograms and grams

Examples
1. Subtract
Kg g
75 640
- 28 450
47 190

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2. Nakato had 40kg 350g of ghee. She sold 26kg 850g of it. How
much ghee did she remain with?
Kg g
She had 40 350 1000 + 350 = 1350
She sold - 26 850 1350 ÷ 850 = 500
She remained with 13 500

Activity
1. Work out the following.
a) Kg g b) kg g
81 366 48 760
- 33 424 - 31 720

2. Subtract 36kg 785 g from 48kg 460g

3. A builder used 10kg of nails from 13kg 72g. What is the total
weight of the remaining nails?
4. What weight remains when 26kg 15g is removed from 61kg
16g?
5. Subtract 24kg 490g 72kg 365g.

Multiplication of kilograms and grams

Examples
1. Work out: kg g
32 120 120 x 9 = 1080
x 9 since 1000g = 1kg
289 80 Then 1000g + 80g = 1kg 80g

2. Multiply; kg g
12 40
x 4
48 160

Activity
Work out the following
a) Kg g b) kg g
4 310 34 89
x 3 x 2

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Division of kilograms and grams
Examples
1. Work out the following
Kg kg
06 11
4 24 44
- 0
24
24
44
- 4
4
4

2. Divide 16kg 240g by 8

08kg 030g
8 16 240
-0
16
16
240
0
24
24
0

Activity
Work out the following.
a) Kg g b) kg g
4 16 24 5 5 10

c) kg g d) kg g
6 30 42 2 4 8

e) kg g f) kg g
3 9 12 7 14 21

g) kg g h) kg g
2 6 8 88 16

141

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Math P.4 Notes

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Math P.4 Notes

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P.4 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTES

TOPICS: SET CONCEPT

- Equal and unequal sets

TOPIC: 1 WHOLE NUMBERS

- Forming using the given digits

- Changing from Hindu – Roman

TOPIC 3 : NUMBER PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

FRACTIONS PART ONE

- Changing metres to centimeters

- Identifying objects that contain volume

DRAWING SET SYMBOLS AND NAMING THEM

Symbols Name Symbols Name

Equivalent to ⊂ not subset of

∑ Universal set B1 Complement of set

1. Name the symbols below.

2. Draw the symbols for the sets below.

i) Set P complement _______

ii) Intersection of _______

iii) Empty set _______

iv) Equal to _______

3. List down any four examples of sets.

Qn. What are empty sets?

These are sets without members or elements

Note: The symbol for empty set is { } or

i) Set P = { P.4 girls without heads}

Set P is an empty set { }

ii) Set B = {A car with four legs}

iii) Set X = {glass that cannot break}

iv) Set K = {rabbit without hair and fur}

Describing and naming sets

Examples: Describe the following sets

Set A is a set of vowel letters.

b) Set K = {January, February, March, April}

Set K is a set of the first four months of the year.

c) Set H = {first six odd numbers}

List down the element of set H

Set H = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}

1. Use empty or not empty set to complete the statement below.

i) Set F = {daughters who are as old as their mothers}

ii) Set Q = {cars which can fly like helicopters}

iii) Set K = {bulls which produce milk}

2. Describe the following sets.

i) Set Y = {October, November, December}

3. List down the elements between zero and ten}

i) Set K = {even numbers between zero and ten}

ii) Set M = {counting numbers less than five}

iii) Set V = {multiples of 3 less than 20}

TOPIC: SET CONCEPT

Equivalent sets and non equivalent sets.

These are sets with the same number of members.

Set A has 3 members and B has 3 members

Set R has 4 members and set S has 5 members.

Use equivalent sets or non-equivalent sets

Set A has ______ members and set B has _____ members.

Set A and B are ______ sets.

Set D has _____ members but set M has ___ members.

Set D is _______ to set K.

Set L has ___ members and set M has _____ members.

Set L is ____ to set M.

Set N has ___ members and set K has ____ members

Set N is ________ to set K.

Use or to describe the sets below.

Equivalent and equal

b) C = {T, O, P} and D = {P, O, T}

Set S and set K are _____ sets.

c) K = {boy, girl} L = {m, n} Set K is _____ to set L.

d) P = {s, u, n, a} F = {e, v, i, l} Set P is _____ to set F.

Intersection sets are sets with common members

Joint sets are also called intersection sets.

Write intersection sets of these sets.

a) Set A= {a, b, c} B = {b, d, e, f} (A∩B) =

b) P = {a, e, i, o, u} Q = {a, b, c, d, e, f} (P∩Q)

c) M = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Q = {3, 4, 7} (M∩N) =

d) L = {0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8} K = {6, 8, 7, 5} (L∩K) =

Intersection and union of sets

Set A has __ members and set B has _ members.

Set D has ___ members but set M has _ members.

Set L has _ members and set M has ___ members.

Set N has _ members and set K has __ members

Find: i) L K ii) K L iii) n(L __ K)

Find: i) R F ii) F R