MONTESSORI HIGH SCHOOL, A-CAMP, KURNOOL

LOCK DOWN DAYS HOME WORK

SET-4
CLASSES : VIII & IX(computer science) Dt: 15.06.2020

Hi Kids,

I)

LEARN & BUILD YOUR COMPUTER WORD BANK

(TERMINATOLGY )

ABEND (Abnormal ending) The termination of processing due to a program or system fault.
ABORT To terminate a process before completion
ABS (Absolute value of ‘n’) A programming language term used by many spreadsheet and
database applications to return the absolute value of a number. (Absolute value:-
The value of a number without regard to its sign)
ACCESS To call up or activate for use. A computer system may contain a variety of programs
and data files, but none are active or ready for use until called up by the operator or
a program routine.
ACTIVE In a system that allows viewing of multiple documents or programs on the screen,
WINDOW the document or window that is currently selected and available to the user.
ACU Automatic calling unit.
ADAPTER Any hardware device or software routine that makes disparate hardware or software
routine elements compatible.
ADC Analog to digital converter.
ADDRESS A number used to identify a specific location in computer storage also called an
absolute address. When data is save, the address of its location is recorded in the
FAT so that it can be quickly found when next called up.
AI Artificial Intelligence.
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) An organization concerned with
standardization of computer elements.
AMPLIFIER A device that boosts a signal to increase its output strength.
ANALYSIS The separation of something into its component parts so as to study it. In the world
of computers, the methodical study of a program, routine formula etc. To explore the
nature of is actions or to resolve a problem.
ANALYST One experienced in identifying the source of problems and suggesting the means to
correct them, especially for a computer program.
ANNOTATION (An explanatory note) In a computer program or routine, an annotation may be a
heading or a comment explaining the function of a command or series of commands.
ANTI-VIRUS A program or routine designed to detect any unauthorized or undesirable alteration
of a computer or its program.
APL A programming language.
APM Advanced power management.
APPEND To add, as a supplement. (adding new records/blank records at the end in databases)
APPLICATION A computer program designed for a particular use, such as a word processor or
spreadsheet.
A particular use to which a program is applied, as for compiling financial transactions
or inventory records.
ARCHIVE A file attribute assigned automatically by the computer system each time a computer
file is saved.
ARRAY An ordered group of like elements.

BACK UP To make a copy of data for safe keeping.

BAR CODE A pattern of thick and thin line and spaces that represent characters that can be read
by a scanner.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output system) The part of the operating system that controls
communication with a monitor screen, keyboard, printer and other peripheral
devices.
.BAT The file extension name of a batch file.
BATCH FILE A program file containing a series of commands that are processed in order.
BINARY CODE (Binary coded character) The representation of characters by the use of binary
numbers.
BINARY DIGIT The digits in a binary system, 0, 1.
BINARY A number system with base 2.
SYSTEM
BIT (Binary DigIT) The basic unit in the binary system.
BITMAP A type of computer graphic image made up of tiny dots(pixels), each of which is
assigned a series of bits to record its precise location.
.BMP A file extension name for a bitmapped image. (A type of graphics file)
BOOT To initialize a computer by powering it up and loading its operating system.
BPS Bits per second.
BROWSE 1. The process of scanning the contents of a file.
2. In a database program feature for scanning records in which the fields are aligned
in columns which are like in a spreadsheet.
BUFFER An area for temporary storage of data, often used to free resources or to
compensate for a difference in transmission speeds between devices.
BUG A defect or error in a computer program or system.
BULLET
BUS 1. The set of lines which carries signals between the CPU and computer peripherals
such as modem or scanner or printer or hard disk or cd drive.
2. A type of computer network that provides for the placing of terminal along a
straight line.
BUC CTRLR (Bus Controller) The regulating mechanism that handles the flow of data through a
computer.
BYTE A basic unit of data manipulated by the computer, usually eight bits.
C A structured programming language. (A high level computer language)
CABLE The transmission link between devices in a computer system.
CACHE A fast memory buffer for holding frequently called data.
MEMORY
CAD/CAM Computer aided design. Computer aided manufacturing.
CAI Computer aided instruction. The use of computers and computer programs in
teaching.
CALCULATOR Any device designed to perform mathematical computations.
CAPACITY The physical size of a storage device.
CARD SLOT A channel inside a computer case with a connection for installing a printed circuit
board for an add-on device.
CARTRIDGE A container, as for a magnetic tape.
CD-RAOM (Compact disk read only memory) A compact disk containing data that can be read
but cannot be altered.
CELL 1. An area in a computer memory that holds a unit of information, such as a
character.
2. A basic unit of data in a spreadsheet.
.CFG File extension name for a configuration file.
CGA (colour graphics adaptor) An early standard for the display of graphics on a computer
colour monitor screen.
CHARACTER Any of the set of letters, numbers and symbols used to represent information.
CHIP A semiconductor in which an integrated circuit is formed.
CIRCUIT A complete path for the flow of electrical current.
CLIENT In a computer network, any workstation that can use the resources of another, called
a server.
CLUSTER A set of sectors that represents the minimum file size that can be created within a
hard disk or hard disk partition.
COBOL Common business oriented language.
CODE The process of translating instructions to computer language.
COLD BOOT Restarting a computer that is completely shutdown.
COLUMN The vertical arrangement of data in a two or three dimensional array.
.COM The file extension name of a command file.
COMMAND A key word or action directing the performance of a function. An instruction to a
computer.
COMPACT DISK A digital disk form which data is a read by a special laser.
COMPATIBILIT Descriptive of the ability or hardware and software to function in harmony.
Y
COMPILER A program that translates a high-level computer programming language into machine
language.
COMPONENT Any of the main elements in a computer system.
COMPUTER A programmable machine that stores and retrieves data, and performs high-speed
logical and mathematical operations.
COMPUTER The creation of moving images especially cartoons or special effects with the aid of a
ANIMATION computer, as for television or motion pictures.
COMPUTER A defined set of characters and symbols that are understood directly by the
LANGUAGE computer.
COMPUTER The study and development of computer systems, hardware and software.
SCIENCE
CONFIG (configuration) They way in which computer peripherals in a system are connected
and programmed to function together.
CONSOLE The portion of a computer that houses the device used to communicate with the
CPU, such as control panel or keyboard.
CONTRAST The relative difference in the reflection of light between image and non image areas
in a copy to be scanned.
COPROCESSOR An auxiliary chip that augments the functions of CPU.
CPI Character per inch (descriptive of a type font)
CPS Character per second (a measure of the speed of an impact printer)
CRASH A computer or computer program failure.
A disk failure caused by the read/write head striking the disk.
CRT (cathode-ray tube) A type of picture tube used as a computer monitor screen.
CURSOR The dash, block or other symbol on a monitor screen that marks the location where
the next action is to take place. (a white blinking character which shows our position
on the screen)

.DAT File extension name for a configuration file.

DATABSE An application used to store and manipulate data.
DATA FORMAT A connection between computer systems that allows information sharing.
DATA The way in which database records are organized.
STRUCTURE
DDE Dynamic data exchange.
DEBUG To find and correct errors in a computer program or the operation of a piece of
equipment.
DEFAULT A failure to act or issued specific instructions for the operation of a device or
program.
DEFRAGMENT To reorder a computer disk so that all of the parts of large files are reordered in
contiguous clusters.
DIGITAL Represented by a distinct value, as the 0 or 1 of a binary computer system.
DIRECTORY In a hierarchical file structure, a division that holds related program or data files and
sub-directories.
.DLL Dynamic link library.
.DOC File name extension for a word processor or information file.
DOUBLE A type of diskette which can be formatted to compact data in order to double the
DENSITY DISK disk capacity.
DRIVE The device that causes a disk or tape to move past the read/write head in order to
access or store data.
DUMP To transfer the entire contents of a file to a printer, monitor or storage device.
DDE (dynamic data exchange) A type of link between documents and applications in
which the shared data is updated whenever data in the source document is changed.
DYNAMIC Memory which must be refreshed constantly in order to preserve the data it holds.
MEMORY
DTP (desk top publishing) is a computer program that incorporates text, graphics and lay-
out of pages.

EBCDIC Extended binary coded decimal interchange code.

ECHO A program command to display information lines on a monitor screen, as of a
command that is being executed or data that is being transmitted.
EDP Electronic data processing.
EGA Electronic graphics adaptor.
EDLIN A line by line text editor available in older versions of DOS. In later versions DOS,
Edlin has supplanted by edit.
e-MAIL (electronic mail) Correspondence or data transmitted over computer telephone lines.
EMBED To place an element or object such as text or graphics from one document, file or
application into another.
ENVIRONMENT A reference to the type of operating system, peripherals and programs that makes up
a computer between computers.
ETHERNET A local area networking protocol for connection and interaction or communication
between computers.
.EXE The file extension name of executable file.
EXECUTE To carry out an instruction or set of instructions.
EXPRESSION A symbol or set of symbols that describes a mathematical or logical equation.
EXTRAPOLATE To estimate a value based on other known values.

FAT File allocation table. The system used by DOS to identify and locate files on hard disk.
FETCH To retrieve data or a file from computer storage.
FILE A set of related information(records)/ group of records.
FILENAME The designation that identifies a specific file. (a name given to a file or program
created by the user)
FTP (file transfer protocol) The rules that govern the transfer of data files within a
computer or between two computers.
FLIP-FLOP An electronic circuit that can be made to assume one of two stable states, in the
computer represented as 0 and 1.
FLOWCHART A graphic (pectoral) representation of the progression through a series of operations
of a computer program or the paper work in an office.
FORMAT Initializing a disk to accept data. The layout or arrangement of information in a
document.

GARBAGE Descriptive of input or output that has been poorly edited or manipulated, or that I
considered unreliable.
.GIF Graphics interchange format.
GIGO (garbage in garbage out) The axiom that the quality of information derived form
computer processing is directly related to the quality of the data entered into
computer.
GLITCH A malfunction or error, usually of little consequence.
GLOSSARY A list of technical or specialized terms.
GRAMMAR The system and structure of a language.
GUI Graphical user interface.
GRID A pattern of columns and rows for recording data such as in a spreadsheet.
GUTTER The white space between the printed area and the binding of a book page.

HACKER One who has acquired skill in the use of computers, generally for personal pleasure?
HANG-UP A temporary halt in processing in which the computer no longer recognizes input as
from a keyboard or scanner.
HARD COPY Information or data that is to be input to a computer through a keyboard or scanner.
HARD DISK A disk that is mounted with its own drive, usually installed in the computer case.
HASH Computer output that has been corrupted by a hardware or software malfunction or
by a programming error.
HERTZ (Hz) One cycle per second.
HIT An accurate match, as of a character string in a database search.
.HLP Fine name extension for help file.
HOST The home or controlling computer in a network of computers or printers.
HUB In a local computer network, the common connecting point for terminals in a star
configuration.
HYPERLINK A program device that connects computer documents or application and that
provides for rapid switching from one to another.
HYPER TEXT A database system provides links between text, sound, video and graphics to
combine them.

IC Integrated circuit.
ICON A graphic image on a computer screen that represents a directory, file etc., which can
be selected with a mouse click.
.INI File extension name of configuration file.
INSTALLATION The process of setting up and configuring a computer system or program.
INTERRUPT A control signal that directs the computer to halt processing on one level and move
to another.

JOYSTICK A device that can be attached to the computer to control the action of a game on the
monitor screen.
JPEG Joint photographic experts group. (a type of image file)
JUMPER A type of switch used to set the configuration for a computer card or device.

KHz (kilo hertz) One thousand cycles per second.

LABEL A name or designation that identifies a computer disk, a file, program routine, or
range of cells in spreadsheets.
LAN (local area network) Two or more computers that are linked within an office or a
building to share programs, data, output devices etc.
LANGUAGE A precise system of vocabulary and syntax for writing programs.
LED (light emitting diode) a semiconductor diode that converts electronical current to
light, used in digital displays such as or a calculator or clock.
LOAD To call up a program or data to the computer’s main memory from a storage device.
LOGIC Non-arithmetic processing such as sorts and searches that calculate to a Yes or No.
LOG IN, LOG ON A type of password or other information that allows access to a computer or
program.
LOOP A set of program instructions that are executed until a specific condition is met.

MACRO A set of instructions that are executed by a single command or by means of a hot key
or shortcut key combination.
MAIL MERGE A program feature that combines names, addresses and other data from a database
with a body of prepared text.
MAIN MEMORY The internal memory of a computer (RAM) form which programs are run.
MENU A list of options that can be called up and selected by a user, contained within a
computer application.
MHz Megahertz.
MICR Magnetic ink character recognition.
MNEMONICS Computer program commands designed to make remembering their function easier.
.MPG (MPEG) Motion picture experts group. File extension name of a compressed video
file.
MULTIMEDIA Descriptive of the ability to embed a combination of sight and sound elements in a
computer program.

NIC Network interface card. National informatics centre.

NODE Any of the terminals or workstations connected to a computer network.
NOTATION A combination of symbols reserved words etc., used to designate a computer
command.

OLE (Object linking and embedding) The connecting of text, video or graphics data
between documents and applications.
OCR Optical character recognition.
OFF LINE Descriptive of equipment that is not directly connected to or controlled by a central
computer or computer network.
OP CODE (Operation code) A symbol or set of symbols that direct the computer to execute a
command.
OS/2 Operating system 2.

PACK A database program command that erases database records marked for deletion.
PACKET A block of computer data that is transmitted as a unit.
PARAMETER A limit, as of a particular program or computer operating system.
PATH An operating system command that specifies the location of specific programs or
data.
.PCX A file extension name of a bitmapped image or a type of graphic file.
.PIC (picture) A file extension name for a lotus vector image, a type of graphics file.
PIXEL (picture element) The basic, smallest component of a computer screen image and
certain graphic representation.
PLATFORM An operating system such as DOS, OS/2 or a graphics interface such as windows
under which a program runs.
PLOTTER A computer peripheral that produces charts or graphics as output.
PLUG & PLAY The capability of an operating system to identify a new peripheral when it is installed,
and to communicate without special configuring by the operator.
PORT Any of the connections to a computer that allow the transfer of data.
PROMPT A symbol on a display screen indicating that the computer is waiting for input. (Once
the computer has displayed a prompt, it waits for you to enter some information.)
PROTOCOL The rules governing the transfer of data within a computer, between a computer and
peripherals or between computers.

QUERY A request for data, as a record or set of records from a database.

RANGE The extent or scope of a variable.

RECORD The group of fields that make up a unique entry in a database.
RESERVED A word or symbol that has a special meaning in a particular programming language.
WORD

SAVE A program command that rites data to non-volatile memory.

SCANNER An optical device for reading hard copy and translating it to digital data.
SCREEN SAVER A utility that blanks a computer screen or that displays a random moving pattern on
the screen after a user-defined period of inactivity.
SCROLLING The shifting of the image on a computer screen to allow viewing of elements outside
the screen’s borders.
SIMULATION A representation or limitation, especially with the help of a computer.
SLOT An operating in a computer frame designed to plug in and add-on card.
SPACE A computer interval that is not occupied by a character, a zero or a blank.
STATIC Computer memory that is retained when the power is off, such as the ROM.
MEMORY
SURGE A sudden increase in electrical current that may damage a computer or its memory.
SYMBOL Any of the characters available from the computer keyboard.
SYNTAX The rules governing the precise way that statements must be constructed in a
programming language.
SYNTHESIZER An electronic musical instrument that can be used to record music t a computer file.
.SYS File extension name of a system file.

TCP/IP (transmission control protocol) The standard procedure for regulating transmission
in the internet.
.TIFF (tagged image file format) A file name extension for a bitmap image, a type of
graphics file.
TOGGLE KEY A switch that may be set to either of two stable states.
TOPOLOGY The physical layout or logical configuration of a computer.
TOUCH SCREEN A type of computer screen that permits the selection of options or the entry of data
by touching areas of the screen.
TRACK One of the concentric circles of data on computer disk. (floppy disc or compact disc)
TROUBLE To attempt to locate the source of a hardware or software problem and correct it.
SHOOT
 TREE A graphic representation of hierarchical directory structure showing the directories
that branch from the root directory, then their subdirectories etc.
TWAIN The standard protocol for scanning in ages.
.TXT File extension name of text editor file. (for example: notepad file)
TAB Tabulator; a user-defined position on a text line to which the cursor can be advanced
with a single stroke.
To move by activating the tab key.
TERMINAL Any device connected to main computer or file server for the purpose of entering
data or monitoring activity. The terminal usually consists of an input device such as a
keyboard and a monitor screen. A desktop computer or diskless workstation most
commonly serves as terminal in a network.

UPS Uninterruptible power supply.

UP TIME The period when a computer is on line and functioning properly.
UTILITY A computer program that improves the performance or productivity of a computer
or the user.

VARIABLE A symbol or character or code that represents a value that changes during
processing.
VIRTUAL An extension of a computer’s main memory or RAM in a dedicated portion of hard
MEMORY disk storage.
VIRUS Unauthorized and unwanted instructions in a computer that disrupt its normal
operation, often acquired from downloaded software or that acquired form
unconventional sources.
VOLATILE Computer memory that is erased when power is turned off.
MEMORY
VOLUME LABEL The name assigned to a hard disk, a floppy disk or compact disk or other storage
medium to identify it.

WILD CARD A symbol that represents a variable as in a formula used to select a group of like files
or database records.
WINDOW A rectangular viewing area on a computer monitor screen where data is displayed.
WORD WRAP A word processor program feature that enables text to overflow to the next line
without a carriage return or to flow around a graphic element.
WRITE A computer program feature that prevents overwriting a file or specified data in the
PROTECT file.

ZAP A program command to clear a monitor screen and start fresh.

To unintentionally delete or overwrite a computer file.(records)

II) Complete the below given table with appropriate inventors/developers/ founder/
co-founder/headquarters/ organization names.

S.No. PRODUCT/ORGANIZATION DEVELOPED BY/INVENTED

 BY
1 Q-DOS
2 MS-DOS
3 UNIX
4 XENIX
5 WINDOWS
6 LINUX
7 UBUNTO
8 SOLARIES
9 MACINTOSH
10 IOS
11 ANDRIOD
DEVELOPED BY
1 MS-OFFICE
2 OPEN OFFICE
3 OFFICE 365
DEVELOPED BY/COMPANY
NAME
1 BASIC
2 QBASIC
3 COBOL
4 PASCAL
5 C
6 JAVA
7 HTML
8 VB
9 PYTHON
10 DBASE
11 FORTRAN
12 ORACLE
13 R LANGUAGE
14 PHP
15 SQL
DEVELOPED/INVENTED BY
1 e-MAIL
2 HOTMAIL
3 WWW
4 INTERNET
5 FACE BOOK
6 WHATSAPP
7 TWITTER
8 YAHOO
9 REDIFFMAIL
10 INSTAGRAM
11 TELEGRAM
12 GAMIL
13 GOOGLE
14 BING.COM
15 KHOJ.COM
16 GOOGLE MAPS
17 OLA
18 UBER
19 FLIPKART
20 AMAZON
21 e-BAY
22 OLX
23 MYNTRA
24 SNAP DEAL
25 JABONG
26 BIG BASKET
27 URBAN CLAP
28 YOUTUBE
29 SHARE IT
FOUNDER /CO-FOUNDER HEAD QUARTERS
1 MICROSOFT
2 INTEL
3 HP
4 INFOSYS
5 WIPRO
6 IBM
7 APPLE
8 ORACLE
9 ADOBE SYSTEMS
10 SUN MICRO SYSTEMS
11 DELL
12 SYMANTEC
13 CISCO

DEVELOPED BY
1 PUBG
2 FREE FIRE
3 GTA VICITY