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REVIEWER ON CELLULAR RESPIRATION PART 1

IMPORTANTE NA MG TERMS

CYTOSOL- KUNG SAN NANGYAYARI GLYCOLYSIS (PAREHAS AEROBIC SAKA

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX- KUNG SAN NANGYAYARI PYRUVATE OXIDATION SAKA
KREBS CYCLE
MITOCHONDRIAL CRISTAE- KUNG SAN NANGYAYARI ETC
*LAGING KAYLANGAN BUO NA SAGOT O NAME NG MGA LOCATION
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GLYCOLYSIS- BREAKDOWN GLUCOSE, PRODUCE 2 PYRUVATE, 2 NADH, 2 ATP (NET)

- Earliest biochemical processes that evolved in living organisms
PYRUVATE OXIDATION- YUNG PAG TURN NG PYRUVATE TO ACETYL CO ENZYME A NA
GAGAMITIN SA KREBS CYCLE
KREBS CYCLE/TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYLE/CITRIC ACID CYCLE- OXIDATION OF
ACETYL COA TO CARBON DIOXIDE AND ATP
ETC- SERIES OF PROTEIN AND ENZYMES THAT PRODUCE ATP IN OXIDATIVE
PHOSPHORYLATION

GLUCOSE- 6 CARBON MOLECULE REACTANT OF GLYCOLYSIS

PYRUVATE - 3 CARBON MOLECULE PRODUCT OF GLYCOLYSIS AND REACTANT OF

KREBS CYCLE, ALSO USED IN FERMENTATION (BOTH LACTIC AND ETHANOL) REACTS
WITH ATP AND CO2 TO PRODUCE ACETYL CO ENZYME A

OXALOACETATE- 4 CARBON MOLECULE USED IN KREBS CYCLE THAT FORMS WITH

ACETYL CO-A TO FORM CITRATE

CO-ENZYME A- COENZYME NOTABLE FOR THE OXIDATION OF PYRUVATE TO ACETYL

CO-ENZYME A TO BE USED IN THE KREBS CYCLE.

SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION- TRANSFER OF PHOSPHATE DIRECTLY

OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION- REDUCTION AND OXIDATION (REDOX) REACTION

ACETYL CO A- TWO CARBON ORGANIC COMPOUND THAT ENTERS THE KREBS CYCLE
NAD- NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE, ELECTRON CARRIER IN GLYCOLYSIS,
ETC AND KREBS CYCLE ( PAREHAS DIN NASA AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC
RESPIRATION)
FAD- FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE, ELECTRON CARRIER IN KREBS CYCLE AND
ETC. (NASA AEROBIC RESPIRATION LANG)

OXYGEN- FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR NG AEROBIC RESPIRATION

SULFUR/NITROGEN- FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR NG ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
AEROBIC RESPIRATION

CHEMIOSMOSIS- MOVEMENT OF IONS THROUGH ATP SYNTHASE OR A MEMBRANE TO

PRODUCE ATP OR ENERGY

HYDROLYSIS- BREAKING DOWN OF A SUBSTANCE USING WATER

3 ATP KADA 1 NADH

2 ATP KADA 1 FADH2
SA ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN SA AEROBIC
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DI NANGYAYARI YUNG CONVERSION SA ANAEROBIC

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
PROCESS GLYCOLYSI PYRUVATE KREBS ETC TOTAL
S OXIDATION CYCLE

WHERE IT CYTOSOL MITOCHON MITOCHON MITOCHON CYTOSOL,

HAPPENS DRIAL DRIAL DRIAL MITOCHON
MATRIX MATRIX CRISTAE DRIAL
MATRIX,
MITOCHON
DRIAL
CRISTAE

CHEMICAL C6H12O6 + 2 2Pyruvate 2ACETYL-C 10NADH + C6H12O6 +

EQUATION ADP + 2 [P]i + NAD+ + OA + 6 NAD 2FADH2 → 6O2 yields
+ 2 NAD+ --> 2CoA → + 2FAD + 2 34ATP 6CO2 +
2 pyruvate + ADP + 2 Pi
2 ATP + 2
2Acetyl-Co 6H2O +
→ 4CO2 + 6
NADH A + 2NADH energy
NADH + 6H\
+ 2CO2 + 2FADH2 +
(36-38 atp)
2 ATP

SUMMARY BREAKDOW OXIDATION Acetyl-CoA SERIES OF the process

N OF OF is oxidised PROTEIN of cellular
GLUCOSE PYRUVATE to form CHANNELS respiration
TO TO ACETYL AND that takes
carbon place in the
PYRUVATE, CO ENZYME ENZYMES
dioxide AND presence of
PRODUCES A TO BE THAT
2 USED IN
ENERGY ALLOWS oxygen gas
PYRUVATE, KREBS AND THE to produce
2 NADH AND CYLE, REDUCES ELECTRON energy from
ELECTRON glucose as
2 NET ATP PRODUCES CARRIER
CARRIERS well as
2 NADH AND TO
byproducts
2 CO2 LIKE NAD TRANSPOR such as
AND FAD T water and
TO BE ELECTRONS carbon
USED IN AND IONS dioxide.
ETC TO THROUGH
THE ATP
PRODUCE
SYNTHASE
MORE ATP (CHEMIOSM
OSIS) TO
*COMPLET PRODUCE
ES THE ATP
METABOLI
C
BREAKDO
WN OF
GLUCOSE
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TO CO2,
WHICH
ANAEROBI
C
RESPIRATI
ON
CANNOT
DO

REACTANT GLUCOSE PYRUVATE ACETYL NADH GLUCOSE

ADP NAD CO-ENZYME FADH2 OXYGEN
PHOSPHATE CO-ENZYME A
NAD A NAD
NAD FAD
ADP
PHOSPHATE
GROUP

PRODUCTS PYRUVATE ACETYL NADH ATP WATER

ATP CO-ENZYME FADH2 ENERGY
NADH A ATP (ATP)
NADH CARBON
CARBON DIOXIDE
DIOXIDE

# OF NADH 2 2 6 0 10 NADH (6
FROM
KREBS, 2
FROM
PYRUVATE
OXIDATION,
2 FROM
GLYCOLYSI
S)

# OF FADH 0 0 2 0 2 (FROM
KREBS)

TOTAL # OF 4 0 2 32-34 40 (4 from

ATP GLYCOLYSI
(GROSS) S, 2 FROM
KREBS, 34
FROM ETC)

NET ATP 2 0 2 32-34 36-38

ATP IN 4 total 0 2 0 6 TOTAL

SUBSTRATE 2 net 4 NET

ATP IN 0 0 0 34 34
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OXIDATIVE

ATP FROM 0 0 0 30 30
NADH (3 per
1 NADH)

ATP FROM 0 0 0 4 4
FADH2 (2
PER 1
NADH)

ATP IN 32-34 36-38

EUKARYOTI
C
ORGANISMS

ATP IN 34-36 38-40

PROKARYO
TIC
ORGANISMS
*MAS MADAMI ATP NA NAPRODUCE SA PROKARYOTES KASI NASA CELL
MEMBRANE/CYTOSOL NA MISMO YUNG ETC NILA SAKA DI NA GAGASTOS NG ENERGY
PARA MAG TRANSPORT SA MITOCHONDRIA NG MGA PRODUCTS (KASI NGA WALA
MITO SA PROKARYOTE).

AEROBIC VS ANAEROBIC
AEROBIC ANAEROBIC

LOCATION CYTOSOL, ONLY IN CYTOSOL (KASI

MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX GLYCOLYSIS LANG AT UNG
MITOCHONDRIAL CRISTAE ETC NG ANAEROBIC NASA
CELL MEMBRANE NA DIN)

REACTANT OXYGEN, GLUCOSE GLUCOSE

PRODUCT CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER, ETHANOL , CARBON

ENERGY (ATP) DIOXIDE, ATP

LACTIC ACID, ATP

EQUATION C6H1206+6 ETHANOL FERMENTATION:

02→6CO2+6H2O C6H1206+ → 2CO2+
2C2H6O (PWEDE DIN NA
CHEMICAL FORMULA SA
ETHANOL AY C2H5OH) +
ENERGY (2ATP)

LACTIC ACID
FERMENTATION:
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C6H1206→C3H6O3+ENER
GY (2ATP)

-TOTAL ATP TOTAL 38-40 TOTAL 2

-NET ATP NET 36-38 NET 2

ATP IN SUBSTRATE 6 TOTAL 4 TOTAL

PHOSPHORYLATION 4 NET 2 NET

ATP IN OXIDATIVE 32-34 0 (DI GUMAGAMIT

PHOSPHORYLATION OXIDATIVE P.)

# OF NADH 10 2 (GALING SA
GLYCOLYSIS)

# OF FADH2 2 0 (SA KREBS LANG

NAGPRODUCE FADH,
WALA SA ANAEROBIC
NUN)

ATP IN NADH IN ETC 3 X 10= 30 0 (WALANG ETC SA

ANAEROBIC)

ATP IN FADH IN ETC 2X2=4 0 (WALANG ETC SA

ANAEROBIC)

RAPID/SLOW SLOW (KASI MADAMI RAPID (KASI ISA LANG

DEGREGATION OF METABOLIC PATHWAY METABOLIC PATHWAY:
GLUCOSE TULAD NG GLYCOLYSIS GLYCOLYSIS)
KREBS SAKA ETC)

EUKARYOTE/PROKARYOT BOTH BOTH

E/BOTH

USE NAD? YES YES

ADVANTAGE OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION

1. MORE ATP and more efficient metabolic pathway
2. DOES NOT PRODUCE TOXIC SUBSTANCES as byproduct
3. Can completely break down glucose all the way to co2 and water

DISADVANTAGE OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION

1. SLOW METABOLIC PATHWAY
2. OXYGEN DEPENDENT PROCESSES
3. Risks of oxygen toxicity

ADVANTAGE OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

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1. QUICK/FASTER METABOLIC PATHWAY FOR GLUCOSE

2. Does not require oxygen to produce energy
3. Assists aerobic respiration and Allows survival in habitats and situations with anaerobic
properties (eg. Muscles in severe activity)
4. Production of biochemical substances that can be used in a variety of products

DISADVANTAGE OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

1. LOW PRODUCTION OF ATP
2. In the body, Lactic acid fermentation causes pains and cramps
3. Only partial breaking down of glucose to ethanol or lactic acid