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Placement of Professional Ethics

World-vision based on Understanding / Preconditioning

UHV-II: Universal Human

Values – Understanding Values = role in larger order, participation in larger order, feeling

Harmony and Ethical Human

Conduct Policy = thought of how to interact with the world outside

Module 5 – Implications of the Holistic Understanding – a Look at Professional Ethics

Character = conduct, interaction with the world outside

Professional Ethics = principles, guidelines, rules, norms about how to interact in profession,
with all stakeholders

Module 5 – Implications of the Holistic Understanding – a Look at Professional Ethics Placement of Module 5
(6 lectures and 3 tutorials/ practice sessions) Understanding Harmony
Lecture 23: Natural Acceptance of Human Values Modules
Feeling of relationship 1-4
Lecture 24: Definitiveness of (Ethical) Human Conduct
mutual fulfilment, values
Tutorial 12: Practice Session PS12 Exploring Ethical Human Conduct
Lecture 25: A Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Universal Human Order Thought Principles and
Lecture 26: Competence in Professional Ethics Guidelines for
Tutorial 13: Practice Session PS13 Exploring Humanistic Models in Education Ethical Human Conduct
Module 5
Lecture 27: Holistic Technologies, Production Systems and Management Models-Typical Case Studies
Behaviour Ethical behaviour
Lecture 28: Strategies for Transition towards Value-based Life and Profession Work and Ethical work (examples and
Tutorial 14: Practice Session PS14 Exploring Steps of Transition towards Universal Human Order Participation Ethical participation case studies…)

It may be pertinent to mention that this course also presents a rather ‘unconventional’, but more fundamental Outcome Continuous happiness at individual level and
approach to professional ethics where the major focus is on the development of the ethical competence of the expected Fulfilment of human goal at societal level
individual rather than relying only on codes of conduct, oaths, whistle-blowing etc.
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Recalling: Holistic Value-based Education

Human education-sanskar (मानवीय िश ा-सं ार)
Universal Human Values (UHV) Time tested
Humane world vision Universal in education
(मानवीय ि ) Rational at National
Verifiable level
Human values (participation in larger order) Leading to Harmony
मानवीय मू ( व था म भागीदारी) Case studies of Human Thought, Human
Culture, e.g. from IKS Summary of Lectures 23-25
Skills for living with human conduct World-class value guided skills – Education
(मानवीय आचरण पूवक जीने के िलए नर) and practice (nature friendly and human friendly)
People competent to contribute to a human society, culture, civilisation
Human society, An equitable and just society
human culture, civilisation (village… block… city… district… state… Nation)
(मानवीय समाज व व था,
National development
मानवीय सं ृ ित, स ता) (in harmony within and with other nations,
complimentary to other nations)
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Basis for Universal Human Values

Recap
 In previous lectures, we concluded by identifying co-existence in the entire
existence.
 In the following lectures, we will try to understand how right understanding
provides the basis for universal human values enabling their natural
assimilation.

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For more details Natural Acceptance of Human Values

UHV-II: Universal Human Values – Understanding Harmony and Ethical Human Conduct  Based on our understanding of harmony, we participate in the larger order.
A one-semester 3-credit mandatory course in the AICTE Model Curriculum 2021  Our participation at different levels is our value.
 The identification of values is based on realisation and understanding.
Presentations, Handout of Class Notes:  The participation of the human being is in the form of behaviour and work.
https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/download.php#1

 We studied about the values of behaviour as the nine values in relationship:

Recordings on YouTube: Professional Ethics lectures of UHV-II Lectures 23-28
trust, respect, affection, care, guidance, reverence, gratitude, glory and love.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BikdYub6RY0&list=PLWDeKF97v9SPFYVPis99l9eD-
wZf0RypK  It results into mutual happiness

 Likewise, work with material things, ensuring their right utilisation, enrichment
and protection is our value.
 It results into
prosperity for human being and
preservation of the rest of nature (enrichment, protection and right utilisation)
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Consolidated List of Human Values

1. In the Self – Continuous happiness- Happiness, Peace, Satisfaction, Bliss
2. In Human Being- with Body- Feeling of self-regulation in self, health in body
3. In Human-Human Relationship – Justice
(established values- trust,… love + expressed values- … compassion)
4. In Human-Rest of Nature Relationship – Prosperity in human being, preservation (enrichment,
protection and right utilisation) of rest of Nature
5. In Universal Human Order – participation in different systems -Perseverence, Bravity, Generosity,
Lecture 23: Natural Acceptance of Kindness, Beneficience, Compassion –

Human Values The value of a human being is something definite

In that sense, human values are definite
The participation of a human being living with human consciousness is definite – in the Self, in human-
human relationship, in human-rest of nature relationship and in the human society (universal human
order)

NOTE: That definite participation can be described in multiple ways

This is one description of that definite participation (human values)

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Universal Values Naturally Emerging from the Right Understanding Implications of Value-based Living…
 From earlier discussions, we can easily infer that there is an innate harmony  At the level of society:
and orderliness in the existence.  Mutual trust and fearlessness developing in the society, reduction of discrimination on the
basis of body (in terms of gender, age or race), physical facility (in terms of wealth or posts)
 The human beings only need to understand it (and not to create it). and beliefs (in terms of isms, sects, etc), solution emerging to problems like terrorism,
 The universal human values are manifestations of the truth of existence, i.e. co- communalism and international conflicts etc.
 The feeling of undividedness will grow in the society.
existence, in various dimensions of human participation in the existential order.
 Fulfilment of human goal will start getting to the fore in our plans and projects at all levels
 These values are naturally acceptable to all human beings and conducive to and gradually a human order based on trustful relationships will slowly emerge.
human happiness (an wellbeing of all).  At the level of nature:
 Only our ignorance leads to all the difficulties and confusions in appreciating  Human order fulfilling all the other three orders of nature, problems of pollution and resource
depletion being handled smoothly when people are able to judge appropriately their needs
and inculcating these universal values. for physical facility themselves and the mode of fulfilment is eco-friendly.
 Better methods of farming and production will help cut down problems of greenhouse gases,
ozone depletion, ecological imbalance, etc.
 The various species of animals and birds can be saved from extinction and forests can be
replenished.

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Development of Human Consciousness Key Takeaways

 As explained earlier, the journey towards right understanding in fact brings a  Human Values are naturally acceptable
transformation in the human being from ‘animal consciousness’ to ‘human
consciousness’.  Living with Human Values leads to mutual happiness and mutual prosperity
 In ‘animal consciousness’, we give first priority to physical facility.  Value-based living is a natural outcome of the right understanding.
 But as we transform to the human consciousness, we are able to base our
thoughts and activities on right understanding, give relationship a higher priority
than physical facility, identify our physical needs and ensure it through cyclic  Its implications can be seen at all levels of living of human being.
and mutually enriching production processes, thereby enriching rest of the
nature as well.

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Implications of Value-based Living

 At the level of individual: Why ethics when right understanding is already ensured?
 Transition towards happiness and prosperity, slowly getting rid of the contradictions and
conflicts within through self-exploration and thus getting rid of the tension, frustration,
depression, one-upmanship, psycho-somatic disorders etc. facilitating definite human Details helpful for review of conduct, for sharing…
conduct. For Children, who are in the stage of following, discipline
 The feeling of self-regulation will reduce the occurrence of diseases and in turn the feeling
of insecurity. This will help the individual lead a more fulfilling life.
 At the level of family:
 Value-based living facilitating peace and harmony in the family, with more occurrences of Ethics
just and fulfilling behaviour raising the feeling of togetherness in the families and reducing - How we express, how we fulfil..
the family feuds.
- Not only about restrictions
 People will feel prosperous and the feeling to nurture others will grow in the families.
 Such harmonious living will also help reduce the consumerist behaviour in family
celebrations like marriages, parties and other social functions.

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Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct- View 1

As described in the last diagram,
It all starts with
realisation of co-existence and completes with
participation in the universal human order with
Lecture 24: Definitiveness of (Ethical) right feelings, right thought and
mutually fulfilling behaviour & work in between *
Human Conduct

* We have already discussed this in quite details in previous lectures, hence we

will not take up the details here.
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Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct- View 2

Harmony at Different Levels Expression & Achievement The ethical human conduct can be further grasped in terms of
Harmony at the level of Self Happiness  Values,
Harmony of the Self with the Body Feeling of self-regulation at the level of Self
 Policy and
and  Character
Health at the level of body
Harmony in the family, in human-human Mutual happiness, trust, fearlessness…
relationship justice

Harmony with rest of nature Mutual prosperity – prosperity in human

being and preservation of rest of nature

Harmony with the whole of nature/ Co-existence (mutual fulfilment) with entire
existence Nature

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Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct- View 1 Values, Policy and Character – Ethical Human Conduct
 Human Values – Understanding "What to do as a human being" and
vuqHko& "What not to do as a human being"
Lo;a esa
Realization- Within
 Policy – Detail, thought of "how to do" Human Constitution
Includes plan, program, implementation, results, evaluation
 Policy for enrichment of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility (Human Economics)
 Policy for protection of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility (Human Politics)
 Policy for right utilisation of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility (Human Sociology)

 Character –
Human Tradition

 Compassionate behaviour, work and participation in larger order

Mutual Happiness Mutual Prosperity Fulfillment of Human Goal
ekuoh;

 Rightfully acquired wealth

mHk; lq[k mHk; le`f) Ekkuo y{; dh iwfrZ
ijaijk

 Chastity in conjugal relationship

Undivided Human Society vfHkO;fDr& ckgj Universal Human Order
v[k.M ekuoh; lekt Expression- Outside lkoZHkkSe ekuoh; 21 24
O;oLFkk

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Values Policy
 Understanding "What to do as a human being" and "What not to do as a human  Thought of how to express (live with) Human Values
being" *1  Detail, thought of "how to do" Human Constitution
Includes plan, program, implementation, results, evaluation
 Understanding of role of Human Being in Existence o Policy for enrichment of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility
 Once we have the right understanding (of relationship, harmony and co- (Human Economics)
existence), we are able to see our natural participation or values at all levels of o Policy for protection of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility
(Human Politics)
being – from individual, to family, society, nature/existence.
o Policy for right utilisation of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility
 This participation or the human values are definite and form the basis of our (Human Sociology)
ethical human conduct.

Priority
Right utilization
*1 To be able to distinguish between “source of continuous happiness and Protection
temporary excitement”… Enrichment
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Values Policy – Detail, thought of "how to do"–Human Constitution

Value of a unit is its participation in the larger order Includes plan, program, implementation, results, evaluation
(larger order = larger, harmonious system)  Policy for enrichment of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility (Human Economics)
 Policy for protection of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility (Human Politics)
e.g. Value of pen is that it helps to write  Policy for right utilisation of Self (I), Body, Physical Facility (Human Sociology)
(participation in education)
Value of water is that it quenches thirst
Policy for right utilisation (priority1)
(participation in health)
Of Self (I) Policy for investing the Self (I) for understanding and living in harmony
at all levels
Similarly,
Your value wrt to yourself is your participation in the harmony within you (in the Self).
Value of your body is participation in your external activities as a harmonious human Of Body Policy to ensure that the body is used for ensuring right understanding
being. and right feeling in the self as well as its authentication in living, including behavior,
work and participation in larger order
Your value in the family is your participation in the harmony in the family.
Your value in the society is your participation in the harmony in the society.
Your value in the nature is your participation in the harmony in the nature. Of PF Policy to ensure the use of PF for nurturing, protection and right
Your value in the existence is your participation in the co-existence. utilisation of the body. Policy for right utilisation of physical facility for relationship and
societal order
In this course, we tried to explore the universal values of a human being.
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Level. Name Relationship / Potential- Details

Sum Up Values
4b. Existence Co-existence Co-existence Policy for Protection (priority 2)
Potential for human being to realise For Self (I) Policy for ensuring conducive environment for the Self (I) for
4a. Nature Mutual Fulfillment Harmony, Relationship
understanding and living in harmony at all levels and protecing from unfavourable
environment
Potential for human being to be in harmony

3. Society Right Understanding, Human-Nature relationship

For Body Policy for ensuring shelter, clothes…
Prosperity, Fearlessness Potential, through participation of individuals and
(Trust), families in various societal systems For PF Policy for preservation, proper storage…
Co-existence
2. Family Feeling of co-existence Human-Human relationship Policy for Enrichment (priority 3)
Trust, Respect … Love Potential for right feeling in the Self – mutual For Self (I) Policy for education-sanskar, adult education, other efforts (such as
happiness development of sanskar through societal functions, ceremonies…), for understanding
1b. Individual Co-existence of Self and Body Self-Body relationship and living in harmony at all levels in the Self (I)
Human Being Potential for feeling of self-regulation For Body Policy for intake-lifestyle to ensure health of body
1a. Self (I) Continuous happiness = Will to live with continuous happiness
happiness, peace, satisfaction, Potential for right understanding, right feeling and For PF Policy for production with right process & right skills
bliss right thought
 mutually fulfilling behavior and work
Universal Values 27 30

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Character Ethical Human Conduct

 Expression of Human Values in Behavior, Work and Participation in the Larger Further
Order  ‘Ethical conduct’ implies that it is naturally acceptable to me and does not give
 This can be understood in terms of the following: rise to conflict within
 Rightful acquisition and utilization of wealth – by way of labour, using cyclic and  ‘Ethical conduct’ implies that it is in consonance with the right understanding of
mutually enriching production processes. the reality – the underlying harmony at all levels.
 Compassionate behaviour, work & participation in larger order on the basis of  ‘Ethical conduct’ implies that it leads to mutual fulfilment with other people and
human values mutual enrichment with rest of nature
Behaviour– ensuring justice, mutual happiness (while filling the gaps created in ignorance)
Work – ensuring preservation, mutual prosperity (while filling the gaps created in ignorance)
Participation in larger order- leading to fulfilment of the comprehensive human goal Thus, the ‘ethical conduct’ is self-satisfying, people-friendly and eco-friendly for all
(while filling the gaps created in ignorance) time, place and individual.

 Chastity in conjugal relationship i.e. chastity in husband-wife relationship.

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Rightfully Acquired Wealth Key Takeaways

Production- through labour on rest of nature (using cyclic and mutually enriching  Ethical human conduct emerging out of right understanding leads to harmony at
production processes) or physical facility obtained in exchange of service all levels of being – from oneself to family, society and nature/ existence.
 It is definite for all time, place and individual.
Gift – wealth shared willingly / happily (with the feeling of relationship) from one’s
rightfully acquired wealth on various occasions like festivals (ex. gift in
relationship)

Award – physical facility / wealth given with joy in a function to recognise one’s
contribution to society (participation in the societal order) and for motivating
others

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Tendency of Human Living with Human Consciousness

= Natural Characteristic of Human Being with Human Consciousness

Perseverance
Understanding Harmony Preconditioning Conflict…

Feeling of relationship VALUES Feeling of opposition, Brevity

mutual fulfilment competition…

Thought how to be mutually POLICY Thought Mixed,

Generosity
fulfilling how to maximise my gains...
Kindness Providing means to one who has the ability but not the means.
Behaviour Ethical behaviour Behaviour Indefinite behaviour
Work and work CHARACTER Work and work
Participation participation Participation participation Beneficience Helping the other to develop the competence to utilise the means they
Promotion Self discipline, Complementarity Promotion Discipline already have.
(Human Constitution) Fear of punishment
Incentive of reward…
Outcome Mutual happiness codes of conduct,
Compassion Helping the other unconditionally, to develop the competence as well as
Prosperity in human being oaths, whistle-blowing… the means, to fulfill his needs when he does not have either the ability nor the means.
Preservation of rest of nature
Outcome Mixed 33 36

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Salient Features Characterizing Professional Ethics

1. Clarity about the comprehensive human goal

2. Confidence in oneself as well as confidence in the harmony, coexistence and self-regulation

prevailing in entire existence

Lecture 25: Professional Ethics in the 3. Competence of mutually fulfilling behaviour

light of Right Understanding 4. Competence of mutually enriching interaction with nature

5. Holistic vision about technologies, production systems and management techniques.

6. Understanding of one’s societal responsibility

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Profession – In Context of the Comprehensive Human Goal Issues in Professional Ethics – The Current Scenario
 A profession is a mode of participation by human beings in the larger order in  The issues in professional ethics are becoming very complex in the current scenario.
pursuance of comprehensive human goal-individual & collective.
 The excellence or the success of any professional activity is to be judged from this  The unethical practices are rapidly increasing and their impact is also becoming far-reaching.
comprehensive point of view only and not in terms of merely wealth generation.
 The profession is not only a means of earning one’s livelihood, but also a means of  As a result of this ‘epidemic’ of unethical practices, we are frequently coming across serious
one’s evolution by appropriate participation in the larger order. scams, major economic offences, kickbacks in large scale purchases etc.
 It is an important activity to authenticate one’s understanding, whereby we interact with
other human beings and with rest of nature in a mutually fulfilling manner.

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Professional Ethics Some Salient Categories of Unethical Practices Today

 Professional ethics can be seen as the code of ethical conduct of the profession (as defined  Corruption in multiple forms and at various levels
above).  Tax evasion, misappropriation and misuse of public funds
 Misuse of political power and bureaucratic authority
 Ethical conduct of profession implies the right utilization of one’s professional skills for  Misleading propaganda, unethical advertisements and sales promotion
participation in the larger order towards the fulfillment of comprehensive human goal.  Cut-throat competition
 Exploiting the weakness of consumers through various enticements, bewildering
advertisements
 Adulteration and spurious production
 Endangering the health and safety of public at large
 Hoarding and over-charging etc.

The list could be much longer…

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Prevailing Approaches towards Promotion of Professional Ethics Different Approaches to Ethics and Professional Ethics
 Promoting awareness about professional ethics by introducing new courses, refresher Prevalent (Prescriptive) Proposed
programs and case studies (Humane)
 Administering oaths and prescribing codes of ethical conduct for specific professional Basis Assumptions (thought) Right Understanding
disciplines of co-existence, harmony and relationship
 Setting up mechanisms for intensive audit inspection and monitoring the activities
 Framing more stringent laws and devising harder punishments for offences Promoting Feeling Opposition Relationship
transparency in working systems through mechanisms like RTI (Right to Information Act), etc. Values Assumed values – Naturally acceptable values,
 Carrying out ‘sting operations’ and widely publicising serious lapses in ethical conduct of based on assumptions and Wellbeing of all
profession through media opposition
 Encouraging whistle blowing by individuals or groups Ethics: Mostly prescriptive, in the form Details based on right
How to interact of do’s and don’ts Understanding (as described)- verifiable by
 Setting up Lokpals, vigilance commissions, ethics committees, tribunals, consumer protection
with the world everyone thru NA
forums, etc.
outside Basic agreements for order in society
 Filing public interest litigations (PIL), etc.
Way of ensuring Training, Discipline Human Education,
in society Incentives and punishment Self-discipline
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Self-motivation 46

Inadequacy of Prevailing Approaches The Way Ahead

 Looking at the various methods and mechanisms which are being presently employed to  To resolve the situation, sincere effort towards building up the ethical
check these trends and their effectiveness, one can see that most of the methods being competence of human beings in general and professionals in particular through
adopted are either of symptomatic nature or punitive measures or crisis management
techniques rather than real solutions to the whole problem.
human education [starting with value education and value based education
leading to value-based living]
 The focus in these methods is primarily towards curbing the ill effects rather than rectifying the  It can be an effective way to safeguard professional ethics.
root cause, namely the faulty world-view which continues to remain dominant (managing the
disease rather than ensuring health).

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Inherent Contradictions and Dilemmas Key Takeaways

 We can understand more clearly through examples how the contradictions and dilemmas are  Clarity of comprehensive human goal and our participation in different
inherently generated by the prevailing worldview in which wealth maximization is perceived to dimensions of society will ensure Ethics in profession.
be the prime objective.
 Thus, the other person’s happiness (assumed to be related to wealth accumulation) seems to
 This also clarifies the lacunae in the present approaches.
be in conflict with my happiness.
 In that case, the other people have to be exploited for one to gain affluence and there is no
possibility of mutual fulfillment in a sustainable way.
 In the same way, exploitation of nature also becomes inevitable as it helps a person to
accumulate wealth easily and there is no limit to this.
 Take the example of business circles, whenever there is a scarcity of commodity due to say –
monsoon failure or other natural disturbances or wars etc., the people in general are in
distress and need support. However, in such a situation, the businessmen endowed with
prevailing (inhuman) world view will feel elated and look at it as an opportunity to make
maximum profit.

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Expected Outcome
The students are able to clearly visualise the corelation between lack of Human
Values and the prevailing problems. They are also able to visualise tangible
steps and a roadmap for moving in the cherished direction – for a humane
society.

Practice Sessions
For Module 5 (Lectures 23-25)

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Practice Sessions
1. Human Constitution
(Nature of society of people living together in a relationship of mutual fulfillment)
 Family
 Apartment building
 Colony
 Village

 College
 Department
FAQs for Lectures 23-25
 Business Company Culture, Code of Conduct, Ethics.. Ethics
 Industry

2. Guidelines for technology

3. Guidelines for management systems

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Practice Session after Lecture 24 Questions

Tutorial 12: Practice Session PS12 Exploring Ethical Human Conduct  What can be a sustainable solution to the problem of corruption?

1. Watch the video “Hiware Bazaar”. It is a documentary about a progressive village in

Maharashtra, India about how good governance, along with the people of the village have  The planet has already entered the state where so much of destruction has
made significant change in their society taken place. How to recover the damage done already?
(Source: https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=cb0Qvh9BJ0s). Discuss:  ...
a. The goal of this village and the systems that they have to fulfil these goals
b. The outcomes – achievements and areas of improvement You can additionally pick
current social problems in the campus or neighboring community and discuss how they
can be solved with the involvement of the students and teachers.

2. Recollect any situation in your life when you had to face a strong ethical dilemma. Explain
how, with the help of proper self-exploration and understanding, the dilemma could be
resolved.

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Quiz

Self Reflection

10