UNIVERSITY OF PUTRA MALAYSIA

Department of Physics

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN

SCIENCE (FSA4001)

Assignment 2 (Quality Management System)

Group 4

Date 9th of May 2023

Lecturer’s Name Dr. Lim Kean Pah

Discussion Link https://youtu.be/p8tY1hny8-Q

Bil. Name Matrix No.

1. Nur Farzana Husna Binti Mohamad Saidi 207659
2. Rusdyana Natasa Binti Ghazali 209041

3. Aishah Binti Abdul Rashid 208012

4. Muhammad ‘Aqil Syahiran Bin Izham 200474
5. Nurul Fatiha Binti Mohd Adenan 205804
6. Nurul Ain Shahira Binti Zailani 207117
A) Define the “Quality Management System”.

Quality Management System (QMS) refers to a set of policies, processes, and

procedures that an organization uses to consistently meet customer requirements and
enhance customer satisfaction through the effective management of its products or
services. These three items are importantly required for planning and execution of
production, development, or service in the core business area of an organisation. For
example, planning the areas that can impact the organisation’s ability to meet
customers’ needs. A QMS's objective is to guarantee that goods and services are
created, produced, and delivered in a way that both meets and exceeds customer
expectations and complies with all relevant legal and regulatory requirements.

Various internal processes within the organisation are integrated by QMS. The
approach of processes to execute a project are also intended by QMS. Processes that
follow the QMS will assist the organisation to identify, measure, control and improve
many cores business processes. Hence, business performance can be improved, and
the organisation can deliver a product or service that will satisfy their customers. Two
important examples for QMS are ISO 9000 and ISO 9001.

There are some concepts of quality management that we need to know. Firstly,
quality management will be able to recognise requirements of parties that are
interested in the business. This involves trading licences, guidelines, customer
requirements and the preferred management system standards. Next, quality
management will ensure that all requirements have been met according to customers’
needs. Other than that, measuring, monitoring, and reporting the performance of QMS
are also one of the concepts of quality management that need to be taken seriously
by the organisation. Finally, the organisation needs to continually improve the QMS
based on the feedback or report taken to deliver a good service or product.
Typically, a QMS contains the following components:

1) Quality policy and objectives: A statement of the organization's commitment to

quality and the precise goals it seeks to accomplish in the form of a quality
policy and objectives.

2) Planning: A methodical approach to planning for quality that includes

determining the needs of the client, outlining the specifications for the product
or service, and developing quality goals and strategies.

3) Document control: Techniques for overseeing and managing quality

management-related documentation.

4) Process control: Techniques for overseeing and managing activities like

monitoring and measurement that are related to quality management.

5) Resource management: Techniques for controlling the people, facilities, and

other resources needed to put the QMS into practise.

6) Measurement, analysis, and improvement: Techniques for maintaining a

QMS's efficacy and efficiency over time by monitoring, measuring, analysing,
and improving it.

In general, a QMS offers a framework for an organised and systematic

approach to quality management, enabling organisations to achieve consistent results
and continual improvement in their goods or services.
B) Identify quality management principles used in QMS. Briefly explain and
describe each of them.

The primary focus of quality management is to meet customer requirements

and to strive to exceed customer expectations. Sustained success is achieved when
an organisation attracts and retains the confidence of customers and other interested
parties. Every aspect of customer interaction provides an opportunity to create more
value for the customer. We must understand what customers' current and future
needs. We can plan, design, develop, produce, deliver, and support goods and
services to meet customer needs and expectations.

Leaders at all levels establish unity of purpose and direction and create
conditions in which people are engaged to align the organisation's strategies, policies,
processes, and resources to achieve its objectives. An organisation should ensure that
leaders at all levels are positive examples to people in the organisation and provide
people with the required resources, training, and authority to act with accountability.

Engaged people at all levels throughout the organisation are essential to

enhance its capability to create and deliver value. To achieve a company's success, it
is important to involve all people at all levels and to respect them as individuals.
Recognition and enhancement of competence facilitate the engagement of people in
achieving the organisation’s quality objectives. They can promote collaboration
throughout the organisation and facilitate open discussion and sharing of knowledge
and experience.

The quality management system consists of interrelated processes.

Understanding how results are produced by this system enables an organisation to
optimise the system and its performance. Ensure the necessary information is
available to operate and improve the processes and to monitor, analyse and evaluate
the performance of the overall system. This can optimize performance through
effective process management, efficient use of resources, and reduced cross-
functional barriers.
 Quality management system implies that there is no perfect process in
organization, therefore continuous improvement is essential. This principle is required
to identify risks or opportunities and solve any issues in organization. Other than that,
it helps to develop organization’s capabilities to produce a high-quality products or
services. As a result, the organization will be recognized and adapt with the new
market situations. This is because they able to anticipate and react positively to any
internal and external risks and opportunities. However, these improvements should be
aligned with the organization’s objectives. It can be done successfully with the active
involvement and encouragement of employees and leaders.

Making any decision in an organisation involves uncertainty and risk. Therefore,

decision making based on evidence such as analysis and evaluation of data is the
best way to produce desired results and outcomes. This is because the data obtained
is more accurate and reliable compared to the individual's opinion. However, the data
and information that will be used should be accurate and analysed by the staff
members by using appropriate methods. Making decisions not fully based on evidence
only, it should be balanced with experience and intuition. Thus, proper facts and
evidence lead to a great decision making in an organisation. Other than that, it
enhanced the ability to demonstrate the effectiveness of past decisions.

A good relationship management with interested parties such as suppliers is

important to sustain success of organization. By managing partner relationship
effectively, it will enhance the performance of organization and ability to create value
to customers. This is due to the continuity of the supply chain that helps to provides a
stable flow of materials and well-managed services. A good relationship between the
organization and their external parties can be formed by determining and prioritize the
interested party based on quality impact. Other than that, encourage improvements
and achievements by partners.
C) Differentiate between ISO 9000 & ISO 9001

ISO 9000 and ISO 9001 are both international standards developed by the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for quality management systems
(QMS). While they are related, there are some key differences between the two.

ISO 9000 is a set of guidelines that provides an overview of the concepts and
principles of quality management system. It includes an introduction to quality
management principles, as well as guidance on the terminology, concepts and
fundamentals of quality management. ISO 9000 does not contain any specific
requirements that organizations must meet.

On the other hand, ISO 9001 is a specific standard within the ISO 9000 family.
It outlines the requirements that an organization must meet to be certified as having a
QMS that meets the international standard. ISO 9001 focuses on the requirements for
the quality management system of an organization and specifies the criteria for
achieving quality objectives.

In summary, ISO 9000 provides guidance and tools for organizations to

establish, implement, maintain, and improve their QMS, while ISO 9001 outlines the
specific requirements that an organization must meet to be certified as having a QMS
that meets the international standard.
 References

Bhat, M. Y., & Bhat, S. A. (2018). Quality Management System: Concepts, Standards

and Implementation. International Journal of Business and Administration

Research Review, 1(6), 95-103.

Dahlgaard-Park, S. M., & Dahlgaard, J. J. (2013). Fundamentals of Total Quality

Management: Process Analysis and Improvement. CRC Press.

Dale, B. G., & van der Wiele, T. (2013). Total quality management. John Wiley & Sons.

Hoyle, D. (2017). ISO 9000 quality systems handbook-updated for the ISO 9001: 2015

standard: Increasing the Quality of an Organization's Outputs. Routledge.

ISO - International Organization for Standardization (1970) Quality Management

principles, ISO. Available at: https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100080.html

(Accessed: May 4, 2023).

ISO 9000 Series of Standards - What is ISO 9000? | ASQ. (n.d.). ISO 9000 Series of

Standards - What Is ISO 9000? | ASQ. Available at: https://asq.org/quality-

resources/iso-9000

Juran, J. M., & De Feo, J. A. (2010). Juran's quality handbook: The complete guide to

performance excellence. McGraw-Hill Education.

Oakland, J. S. (2014). Total quality management and operational excellence: Text with

cases. Routledge.

Oakland, J. S. (2014). Total quality management and operational excellence: Text with

cases. Routledge.

Powell, D. (2015). Applying Lean Six Sigma in the pharmaceutical industry. Routledge.