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Summary
 1

Level of Implementation of Crime Prevention Program

of Sariaya Municipal Police Station

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Calayan Educational Foundation Inc.,
Lucena City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Anna LorenceF. Araja

Maria Milagros P. Gonzales
Rosalyn L. Jaro
Rocky B.Merciales

April 2022
 2

Abstract

Title : Level of Implementation of Crime Prevention Program

at Sariaya Municipal Police Station
Researchers :Anna Lorence F. Araja, Maria Milagros P. Gonzales, Rosalyn L.
Jaro & Rocky B. Merciales
Course : Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Date of Completion : April 2022
This research study determines the level of implementation of a crime prevention
program in Sariaya police station. The study focuses on three objectives: determine the
different crime prevention programs conducted by the Sariaya police station, analyze the
problem encountered within the implementation of crime prevention programs, and evaluate
the level of implementation of different crime prevention programs. The study's respondents
were determined using G*Power, with a 0.95 power probability and a 0.05 alpha level , and a
total of 57 respondents were included in the study. The respondents were identified using
purposive sampling. The respondents believe various crime prevention programs are
conducted, particularly an aggressive anti-illegal drugs campaign to educate and empower the
people to avoid dangerous drugs. Likewise, police extensively implement anti-drug
seminars/webinars regarding gender awareness, violence against women and children, and
drug abuse prevention programs. Moreover, the respondents believe that it is a serious
problem in the implementation of crime prevention programs; the involvement of some police
personnel in criminal activities diminishes the trust and confidence of the people to report
crimes in the neighborhood for fear the police are involved or protectors.
6
The crime prevention is defined as the anticipation, the recognition, and the appraisal
of a crime risk and the initiation of action to remove or reduce it. The first step in crime
prevention is to realize that in order to prevent crime or becoming a crime victim we must
accept that crime prevention is a shared responsibility. It is not a college problem or a police
problem. It is a societal problem that can only be properly addressed by the entire campus
community. Recommended crime prevention measures to be considered by authorities in the
Philippines include eliminating adverse social conditions; reducing opportunities for crimes to
 3

be committed; and improving the ability of the criminal justice system to detect, apprehend,
1
judge, and rehabilitate criminals. Based on police records physical abuse is the most common
1
violation committed on illegal drugs matters and violence against women. Incidences of
sexual abuse and emotional abuse likewise are increasing. Statistics also showed that sexual
abuse, specifically attempted rape, constituted the bulk of cases of violence against children
1
that were reported to the Sariaya Municipal Police Station (SMPS). The promotion of peace
and order through crime prevention deterrence, and in the rehabilitation of convicts, and their
reintegration to society.

Keywords: illegal drugs, crime prevention, criminal justice system

 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We dedicate this book to the Almighty God, Thank you for the guidance, strength, power of

mind, protection, skills and for giving us a healthy life. All of these, we offer to you! We

express our gratitude to Lord our GOD for the good health, guidance, knowledge and blessing

throughout our research in order to finish this study successfully.

To Our Adviser/Dean Dennis Lagumen for his patience, immense knowledge, motivation,

words of encouragement and continuous support to our study. Your guidance help us all the

time in writing this research.

To our panelist: Mrs.Henedina Lagumen, Mrs. Ellaine Veluz and Ms. Noemi Rosales thank

your for the time, comments, suggestions for the enrichment of this study.

And last, to our parents for their love, caring, and never ending support and sacrifices for

educating us to give a better future as well as for guiding us in every path I take.

- Researchers
 5

12
Dedication

First of all i will dedicate this study to our Almighty God, who gave his strength and
knowledge To my parents Mr. Florentino and Mrs. Alona Araja for their understanding and
for their overwhelming support morally and financially. To my brothers and sisters Marjorie,
Vince Daryll, and Hanz Florence for their encouragement and ethernal love.

Anna LorenceF. Araja

I dedicate this works to my family. To my daughter Quency Maurine Homo and my son
Quenji James Zeldrich Homo, even they're not knowing everything. I'm thankful to have them
they give so mich happiness. And also to my husband Rizaldy Homo who give his full
support. He's the reason why I'm studying and will graduate soon.

Maria Milagros P. Gonzales

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to my family to my parents Leonardo Jaro Jr. and
Rowena Jaro. To my brother Arvin, Aljhun, my sister-in law Joy, ate Cha. In the beginning I
would like to thank my two brother Aldrin and Froilan who fully support in financial in my
college journey. Athea and Shanaiah and our family friend Edwin who always been there.

Rosalyn L. Jaro

This work is humbly dedicated to my ever-dearest family To my parents, Mama and Papa
Chona and Obet Merciales, brothers Robert, Rexie, Ylai and Renz, sisters Charry and Connie,
for his best teacher, Laarni Rose Gutierrez inspiration, support giving all assistance and
encouragement to go the researcher all the way, who supported me all through my way in
college, for all sacrifices, motivations And inspiration they gave to me. To my Friends
Forever who never doubt on my capabilities in pursuing my dreams. To someone special and
good friends. This is for all of you.

Rocky Bolaños Merciales

 6

Table of contents
Title Page 1
Abstract 2
Approval Sheet 3
Acknowledgement 4
Dedication 5
Table of Contents 2
List of Tables
Introduction
Background of the Study 4
Research Objectives 7
Literature Review 7
Conceptual Framework 26
Research Paradigm 27
Theoretical Framework 29
Significance of the Study 30
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 30
Definitions of Terms 31
Methodology
Research Design 32
Population Sampling 32
Data Collection and Procedure 33
Data Analysis 34
Ethical Consideration 35
Result and Discussion
Presentation of Data 37
 7

Conclusion and Recommendations

Conclusion 61
Recommendation 65
References 72
Appendices 79
Curriculum Vitae 80

List of Figures

Figure 1. Research Paradigm 27

List of Tables

Table 1: Distribution of responses to determine the demographic 55

profile of the respondents in term of sex, age, length of residency.

Table 2: Distribution of responses to evaluate the different crime 57

prevention programs implemented by SariayaMunicipalPoliceStation.

Table 3: Distribution of responses to determine the problem encountered 59

by SMPS, in the implementation of crime prevention program of Sariaya, Quezon.

Table 4: Distribution of responses to determine the level of awareness 70

of selected resident in the implementation of different crime prevention program

of the SPMS.
 8

Introduction

Background of the study

Law enforcement is the primary duty of police officers to protect the welfare of the

people. The different programs implemented by police officers are designed to discourage

lawbreaking by some members of society. Crime prevention programs are an integral part of a

peaceful community wherein each member feels secure from criminal activities. However,
1
crime prevention is not the sole responsibility of the police, and the community has a role to

play since crime prevention is everybody's business. The police will not be successful without

the full support and cooperation of the community.

1
The mobilized community is responsible for participating in activities by being

partners of peace officers in reporting crime incidents, reporting the whereabouts of wanted

criminals, and assisting offenders in reintegrating into mainstream society as law-abiding

citizens.

The crime prevention measures to be considered by authorities in the Philippines

include eliminating adverse social conditions; reducing opportunities for crimes to be

committed; and improving the ability of the criminal justice system to detect, apprehend,
7
judge, and rehabilitate criminals. In addition, these practices should be measurable and
1
focused on specific priorities. The mobilized community has the responsibility to participate

in activities by being partners of peace officers in reporting crime incidents, and helping arrest

offenders. They can also participate in the promotion of peace and order through crime

prevention deterrence, and in the rehabilitation of convicts, and their reintegration to society.
 9

Through the laws enforced by the police officers and by the compliance of every citizen with

the laws that are enforced reduces crime or prevents crime in the environment, the crime

prevention is a step towards peace, peace in which every citizen lives peacefully and in what
7
ways can they can prevent the existence of crimes in the society. For this purpose, crime

prevention practices should be integrated with the activities of existing community programs

and services, build on the knowledge of risk and protective factors, and use evidence-based

practices.

The assumption that when the response of people on community policing is low, the

prevention and combating of crimes will be difficult, is true, it is undisputed that when there

is a failure to prevent, and a crime is committed the communication has an important role to

play by bringing the occurrence of a crime and the criminal to the attention of the police.

Reducing crime must be a community effort., it requires the work of not only law

enforcement but also the community itself. The crime solution efficiency increased by 61.01

percent, together with the corresponding 49.10 percent increase in their crime clearance

efficiency rate in the province. Crime prevention programs can be instituted first on the

awareness of community that’s why conducting dialogue and distribution of flyers concerns

to crime prevention is the other way for community to cognize and everyone may decide to

work together on the effort of Sariaya MPS, aforesaid by PLt Col. Reynaldo P. Reyes.

Moreover, officers on patrol would not only shorten response times but increase the presence

and visibility of police in the community. Police administration should consult with other

administrative officials who have found success in urban areas and implement newfound
 10

strategies. There exists a lack of trust not only with the police department but also elected

officials.

As stated by Hegger (2015), the profile of crime varies across geographical areas at

both the macro and micro level. Working together with local police agencies, they have the

capacity to prevent crime. That is one of the fundamental elements of community policing.

Under a community policing philosophy, police agencies are expected to forge new

relationships with the community, consulting, and mobilizing them to take partial

responsibility for preventing crime in their own neighborhoods. These differences in crime

can be linked with regional differences in social, demographic and economic

conditions. Understanding the nature of these links was important because it can shed light

on how to manage and prevent crime. When a several persons betray to fit himself in this part,

they may develop a life arrangement of his own in surroundings that provide him scope and

possibility for a felonious progress. It is hence, more realistic to look for conduct patterning

processes in the search for the contributing factors in crimes.

7
It concentrates on two core activities: it supports targeted crime prevention practices

and; secondly it builds and shares practical knowledge. In the making of government

guidelines to be implemented by police officers in providing protection to every citizen while

maintaining peace in the environment. There are some steps that must be taken to reduce
2
crime in the environment with, the help of local municipalities was much effective to include

Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peace Keeping Operations, Anti Criminality Operations

reduce crime occurring in the environment.

 11

According to Adams (2016), one of the basic responsibilities of the police officer is

to do whatever is within the scope of duty and authority to maintain assigned district as force

from crime and disorder as possible. In fact, one of the principal factors considered in

evaluating efficiency and effectiveness is the absence of crime in the district. The well-

trained officer knows that field interviews are among the most useful “tool of the trade”

because it is largely though their use that the officer prevents and represses criminal

activity.In the presence of enforcers when the law in a place loses the attempt to do evil

because it reduces the crime in our environment with the measures or rules to be implemented

and with the obedience of every citizen the violence in our environment is reduced.
1
As a component of the criminal justice system, the community is the most critical

and useful component in view of its massive and pervasive composition. In this topic, the

steps of Sariaya Municipal Police Station in crime prevention will showcase and how they
1
enforces the laws pertaining to the different programs.Enlightened and cognizant of their roles

in the maintenance of peace and order as well as in the dispensation of justice, members of

the community get involved in providing assistance and support to crime prevention activities,

particularly in improving the police, detection and prosecution of crimes and the re-

integration of offenders into the mainstream of society. This paper came into great portion in
2
identifying several discussions about the level of implementation of crime prevention

programs in Sariaya, Quezon.

7
Crime prevention focuses on two core activities: it supports targeted crime

prevention practices, and; secondly, it builds and shares practical knowledge. Several steps

must be taken to reduce crime in the environment. The help of local municipalities like the
 12

2
Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peace Keeping Operations, Anti Criminality Operations

reduces crime occurring in the community. As future criminal justice professionals, the

researchers are motivated to determine the level of implementation of crime prevention

programs and the extent police officer go through to encourage the residents of Sariaya

Quezon to cooperate.

Research Objectives

The general objectives of this study are the following:

1. To determine the demographic profile of the respondents in term of sex, age, length of

residency.

2. To determine the different crime prevention programs conducted at the Sariaya police

station.

3. To analyze the problem encountered in implementing the crime prevention programs

of Sariaya, Quezon.

4. To evaluate the level of implementation of different crime prevention programs

implemented by Sariaya Municipal Police Station.

Literature Review

Crime prevention

Stated in Florendo (2016), the local government officials' principal responsibility is to

4
provide a safe and secure environment for their inhabitants. Local governments play a critical

role in the development of safety and security since crime and victimization occur at the local
4
level, and they are in a strategic position to act successfully. Land use, infrastructure, basic

services, local social and economic policies, and access to justice are all under the control of
 13

local governments, and they also affect and shape local decision-making. A growing number

of local governments are taking the lead in building integrated processes in local
4
administration and collaborating with local institutions and other partners to develop

community-wide preventative measures.

It is connected because as vital as it is for cops to catch criminals so that they may be
5
held legally accountable for their crimes, and as important as it is for cops to console and aid

crime victims, it is also critical that cops and others work to prevent crime and disorder in the

community. Reacting to crime is almost always more expensive than avoiding it, at least in

the long run.

According to the Salvatore and Rugger (2017), while local governments share
5
responsibilities for addressing some of the societal causes that contribute to crime and

disorder, such as poverty, unemployment, homelessness, racism, and education, these

5
problems do not always cause crime and disorder. Furthermore, many of the causes of crime

that are inherent in the character of some individuals, such as greed, desire, laziness, wrath,

and hatred, are difficult for local governments to modify.

5
The connection of the literature to the study is to concentrate on the near or immediate

causes of crime, such as the situational and environmental circumstances that potential

offenders use to decide whether or not to commit a crime at a specific moment and location.
5
These are the kinds of things that police and local governments can do a lot more about to

avoid crime and disturbance.

According to Webber (2019), crimes occur because we open ourselves and families to

crime opportunities, advising the public to avoid being the target and victims by simply
 14

securing their homes especially at night, not talking to strangers and anonymous callers,

allowing barangay tanod and police visibility in their area, and being always observant always

in their surroundings. Cooperation of each of the stakeholder is the main key and must be

done to preserve the safety of the community. People are encouraged to report and become

volunteers by informing the PNP about suspicious movement of persons such as modus

operandi in their area.

As the article of Leones (2016), states that the activities of the criminal justice system

also fall within the realm of primary prevention - visibility of the police, increasing the
1
perceived risk of getting apprehended, and getting swift justice. Primary prevention

behaviours are implemented with the intent of avoiding initial/continued victimization or

lowering fear of crime. Secondary prevention engages in early identification of potential

offenders with criminally deviant behaviour and seeks to intervene prior to the commission of

illegal activity. A secondary approach entails the identification of high crime areas and other

areas predisposed to fostering criminal activity.

1
The literatures connote that it should be noted that prevention replaces treatment and

punishment as goals of the criminal justice system. In the realm of criminal justice, primary

crime prevention identifies conditions of the physical and social environment that provide

opportunities for deviant behaviour. Included here are crime prevention techniques which are

aimed at making crime more difficult for the offender, surveillance easier for residents, and

feelings of safety more widespread. It is the use of environmental design like building plans

that are conducive to visibility, locks, lights, marking of property for ease of identification,

neighbourhood watch, ronda, etc.

 15

Effectiveness of crime prevention

According to Patalinghug (2017), another means of effective law enforcement is the

adoption by police offices/stations of Crime and Information Management System. In basic

terms, the Regional, Provincial, City, and Municipal Police Departments will mark the

location and time of a crime incidence on their local maps. The collected inputs will be used

to determine how police resources should be deployed or redeployed to maximize their

effectiveness in anti-crime activities.

Deployment of specialized Police Intelligence and Investigation Teams for criminal

gangs/syndicates, terrorists, kidnappers, bank robbers, carnappers, and crime hotspots.

Another way to improve organizational effectiveness is to deploy dedicated intelligence,

investigation, and manhunt teams. Teams for specific activities involving Internal

Security/Terrorist Groups, Kidnapping, Robbery, Hijacking and Carnapping are formed in all

police units in varying scale depending on the threat analysis and availability of personnel.

(PNP, 2015)

The literary study is connected since these teams will launch legal offensives against

members of organized criminal gangs in order to evict them from the area or, better yet, to
5
prevent them from committing crimes. Of course, police authority is based in part on what the

law allows, but the amount to which officers can effectively exercise their legal authority is

primarily reliant on public support and trust, which officers must continually work to acquire

and maintain.

In the Philippines, as according to Leones (2016), crime preventive measures

including a mandate to all local governments to develop integrated area community public
 16

safety plans with the community, police and other agencies. To achieve their aims in

maintaining peace and order, the Philippine National Police must improve their policies and

protocols, as well as their working relationships with non-governmental groups and agencies,

as well as the criminal judicial system.

Also, according to Livingston (2019), the police must be able to work effectively not

only within the operations of the criminal justice system, but also within other social and

governmental systems, such as the following: Community organizations; Government

agencies, including local, state, and federal regulatory systems and civil law enforcement

systems; Government and nongovernment social service agencies; School systems; and

Corporate and business communities.

The literature is related due to they also noted that the police have done their share in

maintaining peace and order by carrying out their duties and obligations. Despite having less

people and financial resources, the police think they have provided greater service to the

public. On the other hand, barangay officials and the general public believe that the program

is not being properly implemented, which is affecting the social media campaign's

performance. The respondents believe that what the police are doing to prevent and control

crime is insufficient. Their reasoning is understandable, given that they are both the

perpetrators and the victims of crimes.

Police officers in the duty

The promotion of peace and order is at the top of the government's priority list. Its

ongoing and vigorous war against terrorism and criminality exemplifies this. However, risks

to peace and order continue to exist as a result of a higher-than-acceptable degree of

 17

criminality caused by an understaffed and under-equipped police force, as well as a lack of a

desired comprehensive and integrated approach to combating escalating criminality and

terrorism. Police officials report that only 20 percent of the police stations were constructed in

police-owned property while 80 percent are housed in rundown structures usually without the

standard facilities like computers and fax machines. (Bragado, 2018)

Since the literary studies are connected to the study, the condition of peace and order

facilitates the growth of investments, generates more employment opportunities and attracts

more tourists. The frequent upgrading of police personnel's skills and knowledge for efficient

and effective policing is particularly limited. Similarly, basic police equipment like as rifles

and ammunition, communications and investigation equipment, vehicles, and police facilities

are in short supply. Much of a police station's ineffectiveness can be attributed to insufficient

logistical support.

As provided by Human Resources(2017), as part of the crime prevention proceedings,

the authorize to enforce parking laws, issues citations to parking violators including

neighborhood enforcement for street cleaning and verifies delinquent tickets via radio

communication with Traffic Section. Setting up traffic pattern and arranges scales so vehicle

can be weighed to assists police officer in determining weigh site is level and directs and

controls vehicular and pedestrian traffic.The traffic law enforcer assign in a traffic post has

complete responsibility and commensurate authority in dealing with traffic flow. Enforcing of

traffic laws, ordinances, rules and regulations without fear and favor and assist the general

public when necessary and requested.

 18

This statement related on this study in a way that it must acquire new knowledge and

skill in order to effectively conduct their duty.Onthe other hand, helped keep roads and

walkways free of congestion so regular traffic, emergency vehicles and pedestrians could

move about safely. A new training and educational activities must be undergone to educate

them and adopt the past changing situation on the field they served. They must enhance their

skill mentally and physically in accordance to the given situation to be more effective on

every step necessary at a given circumstances.

According to Maloku (2017), assigning police officer to work in the day, evening and

night shifts base on the number of crimes, arrest and calls for service in designated areas

creates an aggressive omnipresent patrol force that could thwart criminal behavior and reduce

the opportunity for crime. In enforcing rules and regulation in a certain area of responsibility

it’s the sole purpose that must but shouldered by the traffic enforcer. Implementing the

mandated traffic rules and regulation to any given circumstances in accordance to the

performance of their duty. They serve primarily to the public in following their course of duty

in term of regulating the traffic situation. Interaction to every motorist as a daily routine of

their job in regulating the traffic flows and take necessary measures to every violator and

would be violator.

According to Adams (2016), one of the basic responsibilities of the police officer is to do

whatever is within the scope of duty and authority to maintain assigned district as force from

crime and disorder as possible. In fact, one of the principal factors considered in evaluating

efficiency and effectiveness is the absence of crime in the district. The well- trained officer
 19

knows that field interviews are among the most useful “tool of the trade” because it is largely

though their use that the officer prevents and represses criminal activity.

The said literature discussed the type of work that a police officer does to reduce and

stop all the opportunity of crime so it is related to the study because the nature of work of a

police is present to stop criminal behavior. So it is important to the community to cooperate

and have a good relation to the peace officer.

Crimes in the community

According to Patoza (2018), developing and maintaining safe and peaceful

1
communities is central to the issue of crime prevention. Efforts aimed at maintaining safe

communities will not prosper without empowering the citizenry and rousing them to commit

to the ideals of inclusion and solidarity. As the primary catalyst for excellence in local

governance, the DILG is mandated to promote peace, ensure public safety, and further

strengthen local government capabilities aimed towards the effective delivery of basic
1
services. Most crimes in the Philippines, especially those associated with crimes against

persons and crimes against chastity (e.g. rape-slays, kidnapping with murder, serious physical

injuries) are perpetrated by persons associated with alcohol or drug use.

1
The literature is related because the project is being implemented in recognition of the

crucial role of local governments in maintaining peace and order, to attain full development as

self-reliant communities and become active partners in the attainment of national goals.
1 1
Relationships can cause crime because they create expectations.There are also crimes
1
committed in the context of ongoing relationships that turn out to be criminogenic. If they are
 20

not met, the resulting disappointment produces anger. Anger may lead to vengeance and

thereafter, retaliation.
2
Equally, Republic Act No. 8551 mandated the Philippine National Police (PNP) as
2
a service provider for the preservation of peace and safety of the community. According

to the Philippine National Police Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management,

the Total Crime Volume (TCV) in 2012 was 217,812 as compared to 2011 with 241,988 – a

decrease of 24,176. Of the total 217,812 crime incidents, the National Capital Regional Police

Office (NCRPO) registered the highest with 56,978 followed by Regions 3 (Bulacan, Bataan,

Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Tarlac, Aurora) and 7 (Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental,

Siquijor) with 22,498 and 20,466 reported incidents respectively. Theft (43,606 incidents),

physical assault (34,825 incidents), and robbery (26,988 incidents) are the top three

commonly committed crimes according to the TCV.

2
The literature is connected since the PNP shall be so organized to ensure

accountability and uprightness in police exercise of discretion as well as to achieve

efficiency and effectiveness of its members and units in the performance of their
2
functions Indeed, the Philippine National Police today is challenged by time in terms of

the effectiveness of the institution in maintaining a peaceful and orderly society as well as

its efficiency and effectiveness in deterring criminal activities and preventing the

successful commission of crimes. Such can be measured through the crime statistics

recorded in the police station.

Stated by Tantangco (2018), crime is a significant concern in urban areas of the

2
Philippines. Typical criminal acts include pick-pocketing, confidence schemes, acquaintance
 21

scams, and, in some cases, credit card fraud. Carjacking, kidnappings, robberies, and violent

assaults sporadically occur.

Stated by Adams (2016), crimes involving theft, physical assault, and robbery were
2
the top three most common crimes reported to local authorities in 2013. Typical criminal acts

include: pickpocketing, confidence schemes, acquaintance scams, and credit card fraud. It is

essential that the police should shift its mind-set from its traditional policing function of

law enforcement to a more substantial role of being law enforcer and community leader.
2
The literatures are connected because the police should go beyond the scope of their

traditional duties and become increasingly conscious of the role they can play in the solution
2
of the major problems of society. The police should not merely be instruments of crime

control or suppression. Similarly the mandate of the PNP is pointed towards peace and

order, ensuring public safety and further strengthening capacity of local government in the

effective administration and delivery of the basic services to the citizenry through the

establishment of a highly efficient and competent police force.

Implementation of crime prevention

According to Manwong and San Diego (2015), good service is often a matter of how a

person present himself to the public. Courtesy, however, must be coupled with fir muss in

order to command respect. This basic responsibility serves as a great opportunity to influence

the society in many aspects such as better communication, knowledge, and respect.

The statement by Leones (2016), being a good officer through setting a good example

to community and subordinates. This means the basic responsibilities to become a good

officer is to have training to become more effective to their duty and to have good leadership
 22

to the subordinates. Likewise, good barangay officials must bear a good character in order to

have a clear communication and set as a good leader to their subordinates to be able pursue

the success of their barangay.

This part of the study showed that the relevance of peace keeping is one of the hardest

things thing to manage in any particular country then and now. The researcher chose to

acquire different literature review to collect ideas and knowledgeable tools for the

improvements and reliable data for study.The researcher chooses this literature to analyzed

the situation regarding peace and order pertaining to local population that this country dwells

understanding boundaries and limitations regarding peace and order can be more complicated

especially in many crime cases that a certain country must be facing.

According to Aralar (2015), barangay law and order is simply to guide action in

relationships with other people and the government itself. A good and firm government is one

that can enforce obedience to law every member of society equally without fear of favor to

rich and poor alike in all respect.

The literary studies are connected since its primary task was to ensure that the peace

and order prevailed in that particular area and people who have this sense of security were

more likely to participate in community activities that aimed in improve the livelihood and

well- being of all in this sense. The maintenance of peace and orderwas part of the foundation

for genuine. The community base development of this barangay officialswas a community

brigade composed of civilian members/ volunteers who are appointed by the punong

barangay upon the awareness of implementing peace and order

 23

Stated by Lina (2015), the former department of interior and local government

secretary Jose Lina said that the nation will can have a bigger cops of crime advocates and

crime busters in more than 42,000 barangay tanods by improving the skills of the barangay

tanods in the use of batons, arnis, handcuffing and unarmed defense techniques, among others,

making the barangay tanods potent partners of the Philippine National Police in waging the

war against criminality on the grassroots level.

The researchers relate the studyto this research paper to analyze the relationship of

people and its community to the awareness of law enforcement in lessening crimes and

knowing the success of the programs.

The community in crime prevention

As stated by Scott (2019), community policing is a philosophy that promotes

organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem-

solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public
4
safety issues such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime. Although it is not easy to create

effective community policing or to improve the police organization so that they are more

vigilant and work hand-in-hand with local government and the community, the Philippines

has recently worked to involve civil society and strengthen communities through various

campaigns in maintaining peace and order.

The development or extension of community policing to urban or slum areas provides

another example of partnership alliances that help to build better relationships between the

police and slum dwellers, in addition to increasing safety and security. (Livingston, 2019)
 24

The literary studies are connected because empowering communities and it can be

challenging for civil society to form crime prevention alliances and collaborate with the

community. When dealing with specific adolescents who are already in trouble with the law,

it is generally easier to concentrate on direct interventions. This covers the difficulties of

4
including gender concerns and interpersonal violence prevention, as well as women's safety in

public spaces, into all urban policies. New techniques are required that take into account the

increasing complexity of family structures as well as the diversity of ethnic and cultural

groups.Local governments should concentrate their efforts on fostering and facilitating

relationships with civil society, particularly the commercial sector.

According to Patalinghug (2017), mobilizing and engaging representative and

meaningful participation with communities requires local governments to actively develop

partnerships that are truly inclusive and not restricted to token consultation. It entails

incorporating such engagement into the city's or neighborhood's continuous decision-making

4
processes. For example, in the gathering of data and information, the analysis of issues and

solutions, and the planning and implementation of projects, this involves seeking out the

perspectives of ethnic minorities or at-risk adolescents.

As per Carter et. al. (2016), police work is dangerous and stressful. Patrol division is

the face of the organization the majority contact of the public that has with the police

department is with the members of the patrol division this fact is taken seriously by all

officers assigned to the patrol division.They have to be alert to threats from criminals, put

their life at risk to protect the public and be constantly watchful, even off duty, mentally

police officers face emotional stress from seeing the death and accident they encounter.
 25

As stated by Bragado (2016), it is the action taken by the police to compel obedience

to traffic laws and ordinances regulating the use and movements of people for the purpose of

creating a deterrent to unlawful behavior by all potential violators..

The statements aforesaid that police officers serve as factors to make the drivers on

the road abide the rules and regulation. Enforcing only the prescriberules and regulation

which the sole part of their duty. The mere action which is the presence on the road serves as

a deterring element to discourage the people to violate.

As stated by Hess and Wrobleski (2016), the law enforcement community has

recognized this principle in embracing community oriented policing, an approach that seeks

to address and solve local problems in partnership with residents. Observed that vibrant

neighborhoods are the best defense against crimes.

The researcher connects this study since the increasing importance of the community

is fighting crime, specifically the barangay tanod, is being given emphasis by the govThe

police work stressful as cited by carter, it is also a kind of job that needs a lot of patience

because it surrounds complicated and different environment issues such crimes and other

harmful possibilities. ernment by including them in the major crime- fighting programs of the

government.

Duties in crime prevention

According to Sadaran (2016), the only form of police service that directly attempts

to reduce or eliminate the desire and the opportunity of an individual to commit a crime in a

way of control on the community. It is preventive enforcement involve protection and the

prevention of crime through the noticeable presence of police vehicles and patrol officers.
 26

The statement said that its not only prevent the possible occurrence of violation but

also other related incident that may able to endanger the wellbeing of every community. With

their capability to enforce rules and regulation that can be seen by public eyes on the

community. They will be able to eliminate the possibility for violators to commit.

Stated by Salvatore and Rugger (2017), as the police patrol their areas, they are

often checking to make sure those people around them are driving legally. They check for

expired tags, non-working lights, speeding and erratic driving. the main deterrent for traffic

violations and other minor illegal activities is a fine.Depending on the reason for the stop,

they will write a citation. In the cases of more serious offence, such as driving while

intoxicated, a police officer may also conduct a field sobriety test, arrest the offender and take

them to jail. Stated by Manwong (2017), the enforcement which is proportional to traffic

accidents with respect to time, place, and type of violation. It pertains to principle of

selectivity says the enforcement must be directed against the predominant violation of

somewhat in proportion to their frequency occurrence traffic law enforcement by the police

means all police acts or operations which relate to observing, detecting and preventing traffic

violations and taking appropriate action under the circumstances.

The literary studies was connected due the performance by the police and other

agencies with police power including deterrent to law violation created by the presence of

uniformed police officer and their special equipment, special assistant to court and

prosecutors and incidental service to highway users.The patrol officer pulls cats over,

approaches the driver and must check their identification to be sure they are driving a

registered car with legal insurance.

 27

According to Mitchell (2020), one is must productive in activities such as arrest and

crime clearances when he aggressively makes personal contact with the people observed

during patrol activities, particularly those who arouse suspicion and when conducting through

interview with those people. It is said thatthe effectiveness of law enforcement and good

community relation to the community and its people and how it would help authority in

lessening crimes.

Sadaran (2016), he stated that most law enforcement agencies have traffic units that

control the movement of vehicular traffic and enforce the law. The patrol operation is the

backbone of the police department, the most important component of the police organization,

not only because it is the largest, but because patrol is the direct contact with the public and

present the omnipresent of the police in the community.

The literatures were related to the study becauseit proposed that a complete and

responsive telecommunication network for the police can be one of the solutions for this

problem.It is also applies to statutes, ordinances and legally authorized regulations relating to

the use of the streets and highways and ownerships and operation of motor vehicle.The

police community system has many problems, including lack of equipment and

personnel.Therefore, they are able to communicate with the rest of the organization about the

problem they face in the community and the problem community faces with the criminals.

Theoretical Framework

As stated by Eck&Clarke (2019), situational crime prevention focuses on the settings

for criminal acts rather than on the characteristics of offenders. It provides a practical

approach to improving safety and challenges criminological theories based on offenders’

 28

propensities for mischief. According to situational crime prevention, crime is the result of an

interaction between disposition and situation. Offenders choose to commit crime based on

their perceptions of available opportunities. Consequently, situational factors can stimulate

crime and addressing these factors can reduce crime. Situational crime prevention focuses on

very specific categories of crime or disorder, and takes particular note of crime concentrations.

Understanding how crimes are committed is critically important to situational crime

prevention.

The literature was connected since the problems related to conceptual problems of

crime prevention are weakness of criminological theory in determining factors of crime and

criminality, elimination and reduction of risk factors, measurement of effects of crime

prevention, quality of implementation of crime prevention activities, and evaluation of crime

prevention program. It is, due to the huge number of various criminal offences and variety of

perpetrators, impossible to rely on a grand theory of crime prevention. Focusing so closely on

the opportunity structure of crimes in such narrowly defined situations ignores other

significant and important aspects. Certain types of organized crime, in which criminals adhere

to a particular set of values and ways of doing business, may be a particularly good

example. Mainstream crime prevention is, due to the complexity of crime, mainly limited

only to property and violent crimes which represent the majority of reported crimes in police

statistics

As according to Farrington and Welsh (2017), the crime prevention theory

particularly helpful in understanding critical risk factors and forms of intervention, it does not

necessarily help with the difficult tasks associated with designing and implementing a
 29

3
developmental crime prevention program. These tasks can be especially challenging.

Ensuring the right groups and individuals participate in the program ensuring that the

mechanisms for change are well understood and lectured through the intervention; having

appropriately trained program staff and closely monitoring the impact of the intervention are

just some of the challenges of implementing developmental crime prevention program.

3
This model of crime prevention assumes that many offenders are rational and

respond to available opportunities for offending. If offending is difficult, then there will be a

reduced inclination to offend; where offending is left unchecked, then offending will escalate.

It is assumed that an offender weighs up the benefits derived from offending, the potential

risks of being apprehended and the associated costs of apprehension. The results of this

calculation will determine if an offence is committed.

3
The literature was related because this means that crime prevention initiatives require

that decisions be made about the target population of a programme or intervention, with

implications in terms of cost, recruitment of participants, potential problems with stigmatizing

communities, families or individuals. These influences bear significant influence on the

strategies required to ensure effectively delivery of appropriate programs for the specific

populations. Moreover, it is important to acknowledge that the isolation or identification of

risk factors, such as those listed above, are the subject of criticism. Apprehensions have been

raised about the stigmatizing potential of identifying that growing up in a low socio-economic

status household, for example, is a risk factor for crime. For some, this equates to

stigmatizing the poor and diverts attention from the structural factors contributory to poverty

while focusing on the individual victims of these structural disadvantages.

 30

As according to Ferrante (2017), crime pattern theory happens when the activity

space of a victim or target intersects with the activity space of an offender. The pattern

identification is more than just counting and summarizing crimes that are similar in

characteristics and/or location. A crime pattern is not simply a list or count of all crime within

a defined date range, nor is it simply a cluster of incidents on a map. A crime pattern is

identified through a systematic, deductive analytical process, subsequently communicated to

police agencies via some form of bulletin.

The crime pattern theory suggests that offenders commit crimes within areas they are

aware of or familiar with, and particularly where this coincides with the location of attractive

targets. It is within their activity spaces and awareness spaces that offenders select the

location of their targets. They are also meaningful enough to not only bring offenders and

targets together but also to bring offenders together for interaction in functional residential

spaces as well as other residents capable in theory of exercising collective efficacy. Since

deprivation is officially measured for data zones, they further enable us to take into account

the relationship between poverty and crime. (Livingston et al., 2019)

The theory explained that the crime pattern is the occurrence of similar offenses in a

defined geographic area, either a single reporting district, a beat, or an entire city. In this case,

the analyst has a number of construction site burglaries committed in the same part of town

but there is nothing to suggest that the same person or persons are responsible. These facilities

usually demonstrate uniform opening time and may attract similar groups of people. The

criminal opportunities can be created during shared opening times and activities like sports

event. The crime pattern existed, wherein crimes could be linked when they were committed
 31

at the same/close time, research shows that many facilities may report similar crime patterns

due to their geographical features. For example, bars, entertainment sites, and liquor stores

may attract a large number of people on certain days like weekends and game days.
10
The theory is related because crime pattern theory focuses on crime as a complex

event that requires many different elements for its occurrence. This places it in sharp contrast

with traditional criminology, which is focused on the development of criminal propensity in

offenders. Therefore, the theory discussed that when converged with suitable targets, along

with the absence of guardianship, a motivated offender may commit crimes and thereby form

co-occurring crimes. The linked crime pairs typically inform similar crime patterns at/around

certain geographic facilities. Identifying this pattern would be beneficial for discovering

places that are typically attractive for certain crimes.

Conceptual Framework

This part of the research study will give knowledge on the level of implementation of

crime prevention programs at Sariaya Municipal Police Station.For the capability of police

officer of implementing their functions while serving their duty on the community, base on

their different perception on enforcing rules and regulation on crime prevention programs.
1
The developing and maintaining safe communities, be they urban or rural, is central to the

issue of good governance. An indicator of prosperity of crime prevention programs are their

perceived effects on peace and order. It is of the essence therefore that the public must have a

feeling of safety in their community where they can walk the streets anytime of the day, enjoy

their family and social environment, and participate in community activities without fear for

their life and property.

 32

1
Developing and maintaining safe and peaceful communities is central to the issue of
1
crime prevention at Sariaya Municpal Police Station. The efforts aimed at maintaining safe

communities will not prosper without empowering the citizenry and rousing them to commit
1
to the ideals of inclusion and solidarity.An important component of the plan is the assessment

of the peace and order situation in the locality.Therefore, comprehensive assessment should

bear a narrative and quantitative description taking into consideration the magnitude or extent

of the crime problem, as well as the rate of relation, seriousness, locality and identifying

causes of the problem.

 33

Research Paradigm

Presence of crime in the civic and

effectiveness of the
implementation of the crime
prevention programs

Competences of police officers in Impact of accessibility of police

their duty and responsibility in crime officers in the crime prevention
prevention

The different crime prevention programs occur at

Sariaya Quezon

The Level of implementation of

crime prevention programs of
Sariaya Municipal Police
Station
 34

Figure No. 1

The paradigm illustrated the reception of crime prevention programs has however

been on the rise and people are beginning to see the effect of these programs owing to many

cases being solved and more criminals brought to justice. It showed the schematic utilization

to identify the level of implementation of crime prevention programs aimed at keeping the

peace and order . Towards this regard, this paper develops a program that acts as a proposal

showing how criminal activities could be mitigated. The paper investigated crime rates in

various states and offer a proposition on how these crimes could be minimized or done away
1
with altogether. The crime prevention program focused on the environment in which crimes

are committed, and on the interaction of the people with their environment and not on the

individual offender to identify its level of implementation by police officers.

The various factors which contributed to the problems in crime prevention, by this

flow chart the researchers aimed to clearly perceive cause and component that hinders the

enforcement of certain duty police officers and determine the structure on improving the

effectiveness of crime prevention. To further develop and improve the strong aspects and

compensate for any flaws the weaknesses in the study within the actions of Philippine

National Police personnel. It emphasized the crime prevention program has several distinct

factors; base on the effectiveness of the implementation of the crime prevention programs
1
which must be set in motion before the crime is committed and not after. The necessary focus

on the capabilities of police officers in their duty and responsibility in crime prevention.
 35

Significance of study

The research study entitled “Level of implementation of crime prevention programs

4
of Sariaya Municipal Police Station” is to determine the requirement to all local governments

to produce integrated area community public safety plans with the community, police, and

other agencies is one of the crime prevention methods.

The law enforcers will evaluate the strengthening of Philippine National Police
5
policies, protocols, and working relationships with non-governmental groups and agencies, as

well as the criminal justice system, in order to fulfill their goals in maintaining peace and

order.

The criminologistswill have a view on what the public perceives on their action of

duty that may influence both sides. To gain knowledge on their side for what part must be

improve in order to perform a more effective work as seen by the public. And as materials to

gain information that involve their line of work.

To other researcherswith the same field and topic that are gaining more information

base on the current time needed. Serve as educational materials for those who gathered

information in various purposes. And a tool for a reliable source of information that may use

as guide regarding the traffic enforcement base on the needed information.

To the students of Bachelor of Science in Criminology this study would provide vital

data that would be useful in preparing them to their title and might aid as their reference

material at the same time. This study also provides baseline data necessary for a

supplementary.
 36

To the future researchers the outcome will be helpful to the future researcher to be

aware of the proper disposal and the importance of the cleanliness of the community to the

health of the residents.

The community this study benefits community to know if the barangay police of their

barangay are effective or not to the said program implemented.

Scope and delimitation of the study

The research study highlighted on the response of forty (40) individuals which was

represented the whole population of Sariaya Quezon. The barangays had only ten (10)

individuals to answer, so that the distribution of the research materials was equal. The

respondents came from four different barangays of Sariaya, who gave an answer base on their

knowledge and opinion on various rules and regulation of police officers based on the

implementation of crime prevention programs. From the interaction to every individual that

the researchers had, they were able to observe and determine the level of implementation of

the crime prevention programs of the police officers’ as their duty. The answers were based

on the given research material that pertains on the assessment of the level of implementation

of crime prevention programs.

Definition of Terms

Community it is either social unit or a group of living things with the same norms,

religion, values, customs, or identity.

Crime Prevention as defined by the 2002 United Nations Guidelines for the
3
Prevention of Crime, comprises strategies and measures that seek to reduce the risk of crimes
 37

occurring, and their potential harmful effects on individuals and society, including fear of

crime, by interveningto influence their multiple causes.

Effectiveness in this, the level of results from Philippine National Police personnel's

operations is studied. Members of the PNP who display effectiveness in the line of duty or at

work contribute to the achievement of high-quality outcomes.

Implementation a process of making an order or program that has need to effective.

A law enforcer is someone whose primary responsibility is to execute the law, and

whose constitutional mandates include maintaining peace, defending, and protecting the

people. In this study, the police personnel are members of the Philippine National Police

stationed in Mandaluyong City.

PNP Programs are the collective measures implemented by the Philippine National
1
Police in Mandaluyong City in the maintenance of public peace, security, and order, as well

as the suppression of citizen behavior that threatens and disturbs community peace, as well as

an anti-criminality focused on increased police visibility, increased law enforcement

operations, and police community partnerships.

Peace and Order peace and order is the ingredient in maintaining economic

development, social order and political stability.

 38

Methodology

Research design

The research study will use the descriptive method of quantitative research approach

to determine the level of implementation of crime prevention programs. The study was

conducted in Sariaya, Quezon. A total of 57 respondents was included in the study with an

effect size of .40, with a power probability of .95 and an alpha level of 0.05 using G*Power

3.1.9.7. The respondents were informed first regarding the research and the protection of the

data. The respondents were encouraged to read the informed consent to understand that every

detail they provide will not be publicized and their identities are confidential.

.The research design enabled the researchers to accomplish the task of collecting the

necessary information within the period of time frame of the survey.The questions includes

the information about the crime prevention in the Sariaya Quezon, to assess the level of

implementation of the crime prevention programs. In collecting the data as answer on the

constructed questions of the study this research design was necessary.

Population and Sampling

9
The researchers used the purposive survey sampling method requires researchers to

have prior knowledge about the purpose of their studies so that they can properly chose and

approach eligible participants for surveys conducted. Researchers used purposive sampling
9
when they want to access a particular subset of people, as all participants of a survey are

selected because they fit a particular profile. The fifty (50) respondents were consisted of

forty (40) community and ten (10) police officers from Sariaya MPS.The police officers were

included because the research effort could be considered a new contribution to the body of
 39

policing studies. This percentage was acceptable as sample, forty (40) questionnaires in the

number of research material that produced in all barangay and ten (10) for the response of

Sariaya MPS in the study. The distribution was fair and equal since the ten (10) persons came

from each barangay represented the answer in the total response of the area. The prepared

questionnaire was provided to them and data collected for analysis. The respondents were

answers based on their encounter to the implementation of crime prevention programs.

The researchers chose the following area as the research universeBrgy. Sto. Cristo,

Brgy. Castanas, Sampaloc 2, Concepcion 1 and Sariaya MPS. The researchers chose this

place that considered as the most populous area in Sariaya Quezon which necessary to get

respondents for answering the question materials in a given time.

Data Collection Procedure

The research instrument contains the statements which was related to the research

objectives of this study. The researchers constructed the list of statements to assess the

implementation level of the crime prevention programs. The constructed research material in

a way that can be easily understand and answer well in accordance with their educational

attainments to avoid the misinterpretation or misunderstanding of the words given in the

questionnaires. To achieve the highest practical rates of response, commensurate with the

importance of survey usages, respondent burden, and data collection costs, to ensure that

survey results are representative of the aim population so that they can be used with

confidence to inform results. The materials which served as research instrument were

personally distributed per barangay and collected on the given time base on the availability

perspective of the respondents.

 40

The questionnaires were divided five (5) parts that are based on the presented

objectives of the study. The first part was to identify the to determine the demographic profile

of the respondents in term of sex, age, length of residency. Second, to determine the different

crime prevention programs implemented by Sariaya Municipal Police Station. Also, to

determine the level of awareness of selected resident in the implementation of different crime
2
prevention program of the SPMS. Next, is to determine the impact of different crime

prevention program implemented by SMPS. Last, was to determine the problem encountered

by SMPS, in the implementation of crime prevention program of Sariaya, Quezon.

The research material came from the validation process through the adviser for further

improvement, suggestion, and condition that was necessarily make the research material valid.

After processing the result of the research instrument validation, necessary changes of the

questions were made to the research instrument to custom fit the questions to the respondents.

The validation provided the response to the researchers concern within effectiveness of the

research instrument in determining the level of implementation of crime prevention programs.

Data analysis

The researcher used the statistical treatment which has appropriate to process the data in

order to produce reliable rendition of the study. The researcher used to aid in the analysis of

the data. For the demographic profile, data was computed using percentage. The data gathered

was tabulated and interpreted utilizing the following formula.

Formula to determine the percentage:

P =f X 100

n
 41

where:

p- percentage f- frequency of the respondents

n- total number of the respondents

Formula to determine the mean data group:

x = ∑fM

Formulato get the weighted mean:

wm = wv

where:

wm - weighted mean wv- summation of weighted value

f- Summation of frequency

Ethical Consideration:
8
The research respondents participated on the basis of informed consent. The principle

of informed consent involves researchers providing sufficient information and assurances

about taking part to allow individuals to understand the implications of participation and to

reach a fully informed, considered and freely given decision about whether or not to do sfull

respect and not be subjected to any harm, either verbal or physical. Researchers asked from

the respondents their full consent beforehand, in their participation to this project research.

Researchers further ensured the respondents privacy and adequate level of secrecy must be

strictly observed.
 42

8
Voluntary participation of respondents in the research is important. Moreover,

participants have rights to withdraw from the study at any stage if they wish to do so. The

researchers ensured the dignity and well-being of the participants was protected at all times

and the data remained confidential throughout the study. Also, the researchers obtained

participants permission to use their real names in the research report.

 43

Result and Discussion

Part 1. This part deals with the demographic profile of the respondents.
Figure 1. Distribution of responses as to demographic profile of the respondents.

SEX f p
Female 20 40
Male 30 60
AGE f p
21-25 yrs. old 13 26
26-30 6 12
31-35 5 10
36-40 10 20
41-45 9 18
46-50 3 6
51-55 3 6
56-60 1 2

LENGTH OF RESIDENCY f p

1-10 yrs. 20 40
11-20 yrs. 9 18
21-30 yrs. 9 18
31-40 yrs. 5 10
41-50 yrs. 6 12
51-60 yrs. 0 1
Legends:

f- frequency % - percentage

The graph reveals that most of the respondents were male with 60% while female with

40%. The age of the respondents were mostly 21-25 years old with 26%, some were 36-40
 44

years old with 20% and 41-45 years old with 18%. The years of their residency were almost

1-10 years with 40%, some were 11-30 years with 18% and 41-50 years with 12%.

Most of the respondents were male rather than female because they are more has more

knowledge as they observe the safety measures usually and observe the activities in the

implementation of crime prevention programs by police officers. Upon with the age of 21-25

years were aware and well-informed about the research material which they can easily relate

in the study because they understand the phenomenon in their day-to-day exists. Within their

years of residency, most of them resided for 1-10 years, which may essentially give consistent

and current information about the facts in the research material.

According to Rengifo (2017), learning on the urban growth to examine the spatial

distribution and stability of rates of criminal behavior. It can be triggered by social integration

of neighborhood and environment because of the absence of self- regulatory mechanism,

which in turn are due to the impact of structural factors on social interactions or the presence

of delinquent organization as the reflection of low levels of social control generated by

socioeconomics disadvantage, residential turnover, and population analysis, the latter

highlights the combined conflicting cultural standards in poor neighborhoods and density of

group behavior linked to criminality.

 45

Part II. This part is to determine the different crime prevention programs conducted by
Sariaya Municipal Police Station
Table 2. Distribution of responses of different crime prevention programs conducted by
Sariaya Municipal Police Station

Statements Ʃwm DM R
1. The police conduct webinars on gender awareness to
4.32 SA 2
minimize crimes against women and children.
2. The police conduct intensified high visibility operations on a
24/7 basis and regular checkpoints to deter would-be 4.08 A 4
violators.
3. The police sustain night patrol motorcycle and foot patrols in
conjunction with Bantay Bayan for the implementation of 3.92 A 7
Oplan Sita to combat the rise in property and person crimes .

4. The police implement strict riding in Tandem, also known as

3.90 A 8
City Ordinance 550, is being enforced.
5. The police conduct aggressive Anti-Illegal Drugs in all
4.34 SA 1
barangay, especially those identified as a hotspot
1
6. The police establish Local Community Centers of Excellence
for Public Safety (Gawad Kapayapaan), developing and
3.98 A 6
maintaining safe and peaceful communities is central to the
issue of crime prevention.
7. The police maintain criminal gangs/syndicates, terrorists,
kidnappers, bank robbers, and kidnappers are all targets of 4.16 A 3
intelligence and investigation teams, etc.
8. The police enforce ordinances such as drinking violations in
4.06 A 5
public places and curfew for minors.

Legends: 11
SA - Strongly Agree = 4.21 - 5.00 Ʃwv - summation of weighted value
A - Agree = 3.41 - 4.20 DM - Descriptive meaning
U – Undecided = 2.61 - 3.20
NI – Disagree = 1.81 - 2.60
NFI –Strongly Disagree = 1.00 - 1.80
 46

As shown in Table 1, the respondents know that the police fully implement an

aggressive anti-illegal drugs campaign to educate and empower people to avoid dangerous

drugs. The program creates awareness of the dire consequences of dangerous drugs on

people's lives. Moreover, the campaign against violence against women and children is

extensively conducted to minimize its occurrence. These campaigns aim to marshal support

and encourage people against drug abuse and violence. Empowering civil society through

broad crime prevention partnerships between the police is vital for successful crime

prevention. Similarly, to immediately address the threat of criminal activity, the police

maintains extensive intelligence networking with the community and investigator to identify

potential violators and conduct necessary investigation to deliver justice to the victims.

The results are further explained by Patoza (2018) statement that developing and
1
maintaining safe and peaceful communities is central to the issue of crime prevention. Efforts

aimed at keeping communities safe will not prosper without empowering the citizenry and

rousing them to commit to the ideals of inclusion and solidarity.

Stated in Florendo (2016), the major responsibility of local government authorities

4
for ensuring the safety and security of their citizens Local governments play a critical role in

the development of safety and security since crime and victimization occur at the local level,
4
and they are in a strategic position to act successfully. Land use, infrastructure, basic services,

local social and economic policies, and access to justice are all under the control of local

governments, and they also affect and shape local decision-making. A growing number of

local governments are taking the lead in building integrated processes in local administration
 47

4
and collaborating with local institutions and other partners to develop community-wide

preventative
4
Although it is not easy to create effective community policing or to improve the police

organization so that they are more vigilant and work hand-in-hand with local government and

the community, the Philippines has recently worked to involve civil society and strengthen

communities through various campaigns in maintaining peace and order.

The development or extension of community policing to urban or slum areas provides another

example of partnership alliances that help to build better relationships between the police and

slum dwellers, in addition to increasing safety and security. (Livingston, 2019)

 48

Part III.This part of questionnaire is for level of implementation of the different crime
prevention programs by Sariaya Police
Table 3. Distribution of responses as to level of implementation of the different crime
prevention programs by Sariaya Police.

Statements Ʃwm DM R
1. The police and barangay regularly sponsor seminars/webinars on
gender awareness, violence against women and children, and anti- 4.28 VMI 1
drug abuse programs.
2. Conduct regular police-community relations and barangay
peacekeeping operations to build trust and confidence among 4.12 I 3.5
barangay members and encourage community involvement.
3. Creates a Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, website, or any other type of
4.26 VMI 2
social media platform to communicate to the programs of the police.
4. Maintain a hotline department on their website to respond to
3.94 I 7.5
community complaints and questions.
5. The social media accounts of the police inform the public regarding
4.12 I 3.5
their programs by posting all the updates.
6. They are mobilizing and engaging the community through
meaningful engagement regarding crime prevention, like a focus 3.98 I 6
group discussion with the different sectors of the community.
7. The police regularly send pamphlets to the general population to
3.94 I 7.5
notify them of their programs
8. The police established community involvement via connecting with
4.08 I 5
other barangays over the internet.

Legends:
VMI – Very much Implemented = 4.21 - 5.00 Ʃwv - summation of weighted value
I – Implemented = 3.41 - 4.20 DM - Descriptive meaning
MI- Moderately Implemented = 2.61 - 3.20
RI– Rarely Implemented = 1.81 - 2.60
NI – Not Implemented = 1.00 - 1.80

Table 3 shows the level of implementation of crime prevention programs in the

Sariaya, Quezon. The respondents know the police extensively implement anti-drug

seminars/webinars regarding gender awareness, violence against women and children, and
 49

drug abuse prevention programs. Creating awareness on protecting themselves against gender

biases, harassment, violence, and the ill effects of dangerous drugs is imperative to prevent

victimization. Likewise, to communicate better the different crime prevention programs of the

police to the community, the police maximized the use of social media to reach out to the

various sectors of society. Social media is currently the widely used and influential web

application for young and old. This medium can easily communicate the efforts of the police

in preventing crimes and increasing public participation. Moreover, the police regularly

implement community engagement through various police-community relations activities

barangay peacekeeping operations to foster better relationships and enhance cooperation.

The findings reinforced the statement of Webber (2019), crimes occur because we

open ourselves and families to crime opportunities. The need to educate the public to avoid

being the target and victims by simply securing their homes, especially at night, not talking to

strangers and anonymous callers, allowing barangay tanod and police visibility in their area,

and always observant in their surroundings. The cooperation of each stakeholder is vital to

promote the community's safety. People are encouraged to report and become volunteers by

informing the PNP about suspicious movement of persons such as modus operandi in their

area.

According to Mitchell (2020), one is must productive in activities such as arrest and

crime clearances when he aggressively makes personal contact with the people observed

during patrol activities, particularly those who arouse suspicion and when conducting through

interview with those people. It is said that the effectiveness of law enforcement and good
 50

community relation to the community and its people and how it would help authority in

lessening crimes.

According to Patalinghug (2017), mobilizing and engaging representative and

meaningful participation with communities requires local governments to actively develop

partnerships that are truly inclusive and not restricted to token consultation. It entails

incorporating such engagement into the city's or neighborhood's continuous decision-making

4
processes. For example, in the gathering of data and information, the analysis of issues and

solutions, and the planning and implementation of projects, this involves seeking out the

perspectives of ethnic minorities or at-risk adolescents.

 51

Part IV. This part is to determine the problem encountered in the implementation of
crime prevention programs
Table 4. Distribution of responses as of the. problem encountered in the
implementation of crime prevention programs.

D
Statements Ʃwm
M

1. The involvement of some members of the police in drug cases and

other crimes diminished the trust and confidence of the community at 4.50 VS
hampers their willingness to cooperate in crime prevention activities.

2. Unconcern behavior of the community in crime prevention activities

due to needing to earn a living or being busy in personal affairs 4.40 VS
hampers crime prevention efforts.

3. Eliminating risk factors and developing protective factors reduces the

4.20 S
likelihood that individuals will engage in offending behavior.

4. The limited number of police personnel to perform regular policing

4.40 VS
and limited equipment hamper police services to the community.

5. The inability of some police officers to gain the cooperation of the

4.00 S
community.

6. Lack continuity of crime prevention program initiated by the police to

4.00 S
instill cooperation and commitment on the part of the community.

7. Minimal police helpline access lessen the availability of police

4.20 S
services to the community

Legends:
VS – Very Serious = 4.21 - 5.00
S - Serious = 3.41 - 4.20 Ʃwv - summation of weighted value
MS - Moderately Serious = 2.61 - 3.20 DM - Descriptive meaning
RS – Rarely Serious = 1.81 - 2.60
NS – Not Serious = 1.00 - 1.80

As can be gleaned from Table 3, the respondents believe it is a serious problem the

involvement of some police personnel in criminal activities. The situation diminishes the trust
 52

and confidence of the people to report crimes in the neighborhood for fear the police are

involved or protectors. Similarly, the community's lack of interest to participate in crime

prevention programs due to the need to earn money is another problem experienced by police.

Since crime prevention involves time, people working on daily wages will have difficulty

attending such programs. Likewise, the limited number of police personnel to perform regular

visibility patrol of the neighborhood and limited equipment is another concern in the crime

prevention effort. The situation is expected since the police to population ratio is not yet the

ideal as recommended by the United Nations.

2
The Sariaya Municipal Police Station challenged by time in terms of the effectiveness

of the institution in maintaining a peaceful and orderly society as well as its efficiency and

effectiveness in deterring criminal activities and preventing the successful commission of

crimes. Such can be measured through the crime statistics recorded in the police station.

Despite having less people and financial resources, the police think they have provided

greater service to the public. On the other side, barangay officials and the general public

believe that the initiative is not being properly implemented, which is affecting the social

media campaign's performance. The respondents believe that what the police are doing to

prevent and control crime is insufficient. Their reasoning is logical, given that they are both

the perpetrators and the victims of crimes. The police have done their share in maintaining

peace and order by carrying out their duties and obligations.

According to Patalinghug (2017), mobilizing and engaging representative and

meaningful participation with communities require local governments to actively develop

genuinely inclusive partnerships. Such partnerships engage the community to gather data and
 53

information regarding criminal elements, analyze problems and solutions, and design and

implement initiatives.

According to Livingston (2019), the police must be able to work effectively not only

within the operations of the criminal justice system, but also within other social and

governmental systems, such as the following: Community organizations; Government

agencies, including local, state, and federal regulatory systems and civil law enforcement

systems; Government and nongovernment social service agencies; School systems; and

Corporate and business communities.

According to Maloku (2017), assigning police officer to work in the day, evening and

night shifts base on the number of crimes, arrest and calls for service in designated areas

creates an aggressive omnipresent patrol force that could thwart criminal behavior and reduce

the opportunity for crime. In enforcing rules and regulation in a certain area of responsibility

it’s the sole purpose that must but shouldered by the traffic enforcer. Implementing the

mandated traffic rules and regulation to any given circumstances in accordance to the

performance of their duty. They serve primarily to the public in following their course of duty

in term of regulating the traffic situation. Interaction to every motorist as a daily routine of

their job in regulating the traffic flows and take necessary measures to every violator and

would be violator.
 54

Conclusion

Based on the findings, the Sariaya police station conducts various crime prevention

programs in the community to create awareness on protecting the residents from criminal

victimization and encouraging community cooperation and involvement. The community

believes that the Sariaya police station conducts aggressive drug prevention programs to

discourage drug peddling and abuse, especially in hot spot areas. Similarly, regular seminars

regarding gender awareness and violence against women and children can prevent its

occurrences. At the same time, they can better reach out to the community using various

social media applications. However, one of the greatest hindrances for the whole-hearted

support of the community to combat crimes is the involvement of some police officers in

crime-related activities.
2
Most of the respondents were male with 60% while female with 40%. The age of the

respondents were mostly 21-25 years old with 26%, some were 36-40 years old with 20% and

41-45 years old with 18%. The years of their residency were almost 1-10 years with 40%,

some were 11-30 years with 18% and 41-50 years with 12%.

Recommendations
 55

1. For more effective crime prevention programs, it is highly recommended that the

Sariaya police station continue and intensify the seminars regarding gender bias,

violence against women and children, and drug abuse prevention to enlighten the

people on various measures to avoid victimization. Furthermore, strengthen programs

to address issues of some police officer's involvement in criminal activities like:

a. Intensifying the program of the PNP "isumbong mo kay Tsip" should be

communicated widely to the community and assure them their identities will

be protected.

b. Internal Affairs Service should conduct motu proprio investigation if there

are valid reports of police involvement in criminal activities.

2. The Sariaya Municipal Police Station in crime prevention may showcase how they
1
enforces the laws pertaining to the different programs. Enlightened and cognizant of

their roles in the maintenance of peace and order as well as in the dispensation of

justice, members of the community get involved in providing assistance and support

to crime prevention activities, particularly in improving the police, detection and

prosecution of crimes and the re-integration of offenders into the mainstream of

society.

3. The Community Policing System may have training and educational activities must

be undergone to educate them and adopt the past changing situation on the field they

served. They must enhance their skill mentally and physically in accordance to the

given situation to be more effective on every step necessary at a given circumstances.

In enforcing rules and regulation in a certain area of responsibility it’s the sole
 56

purpose that must but shouldered by the traffic enforcer. Implementing the mandated

traffic rules and regulation to any given circumstances in accordance to the

performance of their duty. They serve primarily to the public in following their course

of duty in term of regulating the traffic situation. Interaction to every motorist as a

daily routine of their job in regulating the traffic flows and take necessary measures to

every violator and would be violator.

References:
 57

Adams, S. (2016). Prevention: Police Role - Community Crime Prevention - Neighborhood,

Property, Programs, and Security - JRankArticles

https://law.jrank.org/pages/1756/Prevention-Police-Role-Community-crime-

prevention.html#ixzz6o8kwoG3X

Aralar, R. B. (2015). Barangay Protection Order and KatarungangPambarangay. Law and

Jurisprudence, Mandaluyong City, National Book Store.

Bragado, A. F. (2016). Trafficology; the science of traffic. Block 17, Lot 11, Area

Dasmarinas City, Cavite, Philippines: Neolot laser printing.

Bragado, F., (2018).Fundamentals of criminal investigation, Philippines. Philippine

College of Criminology Manila Law College Textbook Committee.

Eck, J.E & Clarke, R.V. (2019).Situational Crime Prevention: Theory, Practice and Evidence.

Handbook on Crime and Deviance pp 355-376

Ferrante, J. (2017). Seeing sociology an introduction. Boston MA: Wadsworth, Cengange

Learning

Florendo, A. (2016). Police patrol operations and communications system. Philippines:

Wiseman’s books trading Inc.

Frost, NA.(2016). Criminology & (and) Public Policy: A New Journal of the American

Society of Criminology. TR Clear

Gavin H. (2016). Criminological and Forensic Psychology . London, UK, CA: SAGE

Publications

Grusec, J E. (2020). Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development (Second

Edition). USA
 58

Hegger, J. (2015). Nature vs. nurture: Which causes crime?. Retrieved from

https://www.correctionsone.com/probation-and-parole/articles/8685697-Nature-vs

nurture-Which-causes-crime/

Livingston M., Kearns A., Galster G., & Bannister J. (2019). The Effects of Neighbourhood

Offender Concentrations on the Number, Type and Location of Crimes Committed by

Resident Offenders. USA

http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org/

Maloku A. (2020).Theory of Differential Association.Iliria University, Pristina, Kosovo

doi: 10.36941/ajis-2020-0015

Manwong, R. K. (2013). Fundamentals of criminology. Philippine, Wiseman Book Trading

Inc.

Mitchell, O. (2020). Criminology and Criminal Justice Departments: Problems and

Solutions.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368720976764

Patalinghug, M. (2017). Implemented Crime Prevention Strategies of PNP in Salug Valley,

Zamboanga Del Sur, Philippines

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4430053

Patoza S. Q., (2018). PNP: Crime prevention is everyone’s shared responsibility. J.H Cerilles

State College-Dumingag Campus

Philippine National Police (2015).PNP Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in Managing

Police Operations.
 59

PhilippineNationa Police (2013).PNP Guidebook on Human Rights BasedPolicing. Available

at: http://pnp.gov.ph/portal/images/stories/publicrelations/PNP_ GUIDEBOOK_opt.pdf

Sadaran,R.B.(2016). Police patrol and operation with police communication.chapter House

Publishing Incorporated Novaliches,Quezon City

Salvatore, J. D. Ruggeri, A. (2017).Effectiveness of Peacekeeping Operations.

https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefor

e-9780190228637-e-586

Scott, J., Carrington, K., &Hogg, R. (2016). Alcohol, violence, frontier masculinities and the

Australian mining boom. Internet Journal of Criminology, 2016(Special Issue 2), pp.

94-124.

Tancangco, D. L. (2018). Theories and causes of crimes. Quezon City: Wiseman Books

Trading Inc.,

Webber, C., (2019). Psychology and Crime; A Transdisciplinary Perspective. Keele

University
 60

QUESTIONNAIRE

Part I. This part of questionnaire will determine the demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of;

Direction: Please check (/) the box that corresponds to your answer.

A. Sex
Female Male

B. Age

Z 21-25 years old 41-45 years old

26-30 years old 46-50 years old
31-35 years old 51-55 years old
36-40 years old 56-60 years old

C. Length of Residency
1-10 years 31-40 years

Z 11-20 years ` 41-50 years

1
21-30 years 51-60 years
 61

Part II.This part of questionnaire is to evaluate the different crime prevention programs
implemented by SariayaMunicipalPoliceStation.
Direction: Please check (/) the space that corresponds to your answer.

(5) – FI - Fully implemented (2) – NI - Not implemented

(4) – I - Implemented (1) – NFI - Not fully implemented
(3) – RI - Rarely implemented
FI I RI NI NFI
Statements
5 4 3 2 1
1. Continuing the goals for Gender Awareness Development, as
women and children are victims of a large share of crimes
committed today.
2. Law enforcement operations will be stepped up by constant foot
and mobile patrols, as well as 24-hour checkpoints.
3. Maintain night patrol motorcycle and foot patrols in conjunction
with Bantay Bayan for the implementation of Oplan Sita to
combat the rise in property and person crimes.
4. Riding in Tandem, also known as City Ordinance 550, is strictly
implemented and enforced.
5. Continues and dedicated implementation of police initiated and
intelligence operations
6. Teams for specialized operations such as Internal
Security/Terrorist Groups, Kidnapping, Robbery, Hijacking, and
Carnapping are developed in all police units to varied degrees,
based on threat analysis and manpower availability.
7. Aggressive Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign. This menace affects a
large portion of our population, and the majority of the horrible
crimes perpetrated are drug-related.
1
8. Establishment of Local Community Centres of Excellence for
Public Safety (Gawad Kapayapaan), developing and maintaining
safe and peaceful communities is central to the issue of crime
prevention.
9. For criminal gangs/syndicates, terrorists, kidnappers, bank
robbers, carnappers, and certain crime-prone areas, the
deployment of specialised Police Intelligence and Investigation
Teams.
10. Ordinances requiring rigorous enforcement, such as
prohibitions on drinking in public places and kids' curfews, must
be enforced vigorously.
 62

Part III. This part is to determine the problem encountered by SMPS, in the
implementation of crime prevention program of Sariaya, Quezon.
Direction:To be answered by Sariaya MPS officers only. Please put check marks on the spaces
provided that corresponds to your opinion/answer.
(5) – SA - Stongly Agree (4) –A - Agree (3) – U – Undecided
(2) –DA – Disagree (1) –SDA - Strongly Disagree

SA A U DA SDA
Statements
5 4 3 2 1
1. The lack of local police personnel or the unavailability of
national law enforcement agents. The police community system
has many problems, including lack of equipment and personnel.
2. As part of the success of the execution of PNP programs, the
upkeep of the helpline department is also a consideration.
3. Eliminating risk factors and development protective factors to
reduce the likelihood that individuals will engage in offending
behavior.
4. The police officers were short on uniformed officers to respond
to the demands of the community 24 hours a day, seven days a
week, as well as patrol vehicles and motorcycles.
5. The identification of national and local institutions, whether
formal or informal, that are engaged in environmental protection
and social justice in order to assess their willingness and capacity
to support community-based law enforcement.
6. The integration of law enforcement strategies with any existing
or future resource management and conservation plans, whether at
the community or national level.
7. The strengthening its gender desk to exert significant influence
in gender mainstreaming for all its activitieswhich regard the
integration of gender concerns in project activities as a priority.
1
8. The inequalities in resources, opportunities, power and access to
social status rewards create alienation and frustration, and develop
into pockets or subcultures of violence, which lead to crime.
1
9. The high propensity to avenge injustices/abuses among Filipinos
makes this factor abet crime in a very potent and violent manner.
1
10. Deterioration of living conditions in urban areas has produced
its share of juvenile delinquency, drug dependency, prostitution,
mental illness, physical disability, suicides, family and personal
disorganization, environmental degradation, pollution, garbage and
sewerage disposals, traffic jams and congestion, conditions that
create fertile breeding grounds for crime.
 63

Part IV. This part is to determine the level of awareness of selected resident in the
implementation of different crime prevention program of the SPMS.
Direction: Please put check marks on the spaces provided that corresponds to your
opinion/answer.
(5) – VA Very Aware (4) –AAware (3) – MAModeratelyAware
(2) – SA Slightly Aware (1) –NA Not Aware

VA A MA SA NA
Statements
5 4 3 2 1
1. Encourage the public to participate in the PNP's anti-crime
efforts by reporting suspicious groups, people, or individuals in
their area.
2. The Police Community Relations and Barangay Peacekeeping
Operations are designed to carry out activities in regions where
organizations are vulnerable to influence, infiltration, and
infestation.
3. The conduction of regular symposium and dialogue in the
barangays to ensure awareness of police programs and activities
related to crime prevention control.
4. The supervision of barangay-based activities in order to
create confidence among barangay members and maximize
community participation.
5. Creates Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, a website, or any other
internet profiles to reach out to citizens via social media.
6. Maintain a hotline department on their website to respond to
community complaints and questions.
7. The social media accounts in informing the public regarding
to their programs by posting all the updates.
4
8. Local governments must aggressively build partnerships that
are truly inclusive and not limited to token consultations in order
to mobilize and engage representative and meaningful
participation with communities.
9. The distribution of pamphlets to the general public to inform
them of their programs.
10. Using the internet to connect with different barangays in
order to increase community involvement.
 64

Curriculum Vitae

Name: Anna Lorence F. Araja

Address: Sitio Socorro Sampaloc 2 Sariaya, Quezon
Cp number: 09086049298
Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION

Primary Manuel L. Quezon (2006-2012)

Secondary St. Francis High School (2012-2018)
Tertiary Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. (2018-present)

SEMINARS
1. Best Investigative Practices to Combat Trafficking in Persons for the Purpose of Human
Organ Removal February 18, 2021
2. Cyber-industrial Security, Event Security, and Stress Management for Industrial Security
Personnel April 11, 2021
3. Online Ethics and Gender Sensitivity and Cyber Crime Investigation with Actual
Demonstration April 14, 2021
4. Forensic DNA on Criminal Investigation November 12, 2021 - PLTCOL Lorna H. Sant

I hereby certify that the data given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
ability.
 64

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Maria Milagros Gonzales-Homo

Address: Vallero Compound, Ilayang Talipan

Pagbilao, Quezon

Cp number: 09480639225

Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION

Primary Real Elementary School (2008-2009)

Secondary Camarines Sur National High School (2012-2013)

Tertiary Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. (2018-present)

SEMINARS

1. Best Investugative Practices to Combat Trafficking in Persons for Purpose of Human

Organ Removal February 18, 2021
2. Cyber-industrial Security, Event Security and Stress Management for Industrial Security
Personnel April 11, 2021
3. Online Ethics and Gender Sensitivity and Cyber Crime Investigation with Actual
Demonstration April 14, 2021
4. Forensic DNA on Criminal Investigation November 12, 2021 PLTCOL Lorna H. Santos

I hereby certify that the data given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge

and ability.
 65

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Rosalyn L. Jaro

Address: Brgy Ilayang Talim Lucena City

Cp number: 09264798185

Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION

Primar Mababang Paaralan ng Ilayang Talim

Secondary Quezon National High School

Tertiary Calayan Educational Foundation Inc

SEMINARS

1. Best Investugative Practices to Combat Trafficking in Persons for Purpose of Human

Organ Removal February 18, 2021
2. Cyber-industrial Security, Event Security and Stress Management for Industrial Security
Personnel April 11, 2021
3. Online Ethics and Gender Sensitivity and Cyber Crime Investigation with Actual
Demonstration April 14, 2021
4. Forensic DNA on Criminal Investigation November 12, 2021 PLTCOL Lorna H. Santos

I hereby certify that the data given above are true and correct to the best of my knowledge

and ability.
 66

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Rocky Bolaños Merciales

Address: Junction 2 Sitio Pulang Lupa Barangay

Poblacion Burdeos Quezon

Cp number: 09297354467

Email: [email protected]

EDUCATION

Primary: Burdeos Central Elementary School

Secondary: Mount Carmel High School of Burdeos (2004-2010) (Under graduate).

Paaralang Elementarya Ng Lucban Alternative Learning System (2016-2018)

Tertiary: Calayan Educational Foundation Inc. (2018-present)

SEMINARS

1.) Forensic DNA on Criminal Investigation November 12, 2021 PLTCOL Lorna H. Santos
2.) PREVENTION OF CHILD ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION- Nov. 27,2021
3.) LEXTURES- September 25, 2021
4.) FORENSIC TECHNOLOGY APPLIED IN REAL CASES- September 25, 2021
5.) FORENSIC FIREARMS & TOOLMARK EXAMINATION: CURRENT PRACTICES
AND FUTURE ENDEAVOR- September 25, 2021
6.) VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN- October 2, 2021
7.) Crime Prevention Initiatives of the PNP- October 2, 2021
8.) BASIC LIFE SUPPORT TRAINING WEBINAR EPISODE 2: BASIC FIRST AID
FOR CARDIAC ARREST AND CHOKING- September 10, 2021
9.) Online Ethics and Gender Sensitivity and Cyber Crime Investigation with Actual
Demonstration- April 14, 2021
10.) Awareness Campaign on Republic Act No. 10175 otherwise known as Cybercrime
Prevention Act of 2012- May 21, 202
 67

11.) Associate Member of Kampilan- January 2021 to December 2023

12.) Leadership and Character Formation for Criminology Students- August 28, 2021
13.) Ang Kampilan Webinar on Cyber-Industrial Security, Event Security, And Stress
Management for Industrial Security Personnel- April 11, 2021
14) Environmental laws, Protection and Investigation, Student Academic Enhancement
Program. September 22, 2019

I hereby certify that the information provided above is true, correct, and complete to the best

of my knowledge and abilities.

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

17% Overall Similarity

Top sources found in the following databases:
17% Internet database 0% Publications database

TOP SOURCES
The sources with the highest number of matches within the submission. Overlapping sources will not be
displayed.

unafei.or.jp
1 7%
Internet

philpapers.org
2 3%
Internet

unodc.org
3 2%
Internet

library.judiciary.go.th
4 1%
Internet

media.law.wisc.edu
5 <1%
Internet

uh.edu
6 <1%
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amiteumc.org
7 <1%
Internet

reknewyourfaith.wordpress.com
8 <1%
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dlsu.edu.ph
9 <1%
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Sources overview
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knowledge.sagepub.com
10 <1%
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thelawbrigade.com
11 <1%
Internet

dspace.iua.edu.sd
12 <1%
Internet

Sources overview
 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

Excluded from Similarity Report

Crossref database Crossref Posted Content database
Submitted Works database Bibliographic material
Quoted material Cited material
Small Matches (Less then 8 words) Manually excluded sources

EXCLUDED SOURCES

irhsr.org
7%
Internet

coursehero.com
6%
Internet

publicsafety.gc.ca
3%
Internet

crime-prevention-intl.org
2%
Internet

pdfcoffee.com
2%
Internet

elib.coj.go.th
2%
Internet

scribd.com
2%
Internet

studymode.com
2%
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ebin.pub
1%
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Excluded from Similarity Report

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idoc.pub
1%
Internet

bartleby.com
1%
Internet

studymoose.com
1%
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es.scribd.com
1%
Internet

researchgate.net
1%
Internet

justiceacademy.org
1%
Internet

ehow.com
1%
Internet

ncjrs.gov
1%
Internet

1library.net
1%
Internet

slideshare.net
1%
Internet

garnerclancey.com
<1%
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mdpi.com
<1%
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Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

res.mdpi.com
<1%
Internet

etd.aau.edu.et
<1%
Internet

link.springer.com
<1%
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pia.gov.ph
<1%
Internet

senate.gov.ph
<1%
Internet

kupdf.net
<1%
Internet

academic.oup.com
<1%
Internet

amarillocollege.org
<1%
Internet

actx.edu
<1%
Internet

ir.msu.ac.zw:8080
<1%
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thefreelibrary.com
<1%
Internet

fpeim.ca
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

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nursing.medilam.ac.ir
<1%
Internet

publicsafetycanada.gc.ca
<1%
Internet

etd.uwc.ac.za
<1%
Internet

ojp.gov
<1%
Internet

eprints.gla.ac.uk
<1%
Internet

Www.ojp.gov
<1%
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sidmartinbio.org
<1%
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ombudsman.gov.ph
<1%
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unisdr-apps.net
<1%
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neda5.net
<1%
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ncc.gov.ph
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philconstruct.com
<1%
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neda.gov.ph
<1%
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ar.scribd.com
<1%
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termpaperwarehouse.com
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nscb.gov.ph
<1%
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nap.psa.gov.ph
<1%
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documents.mx
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iaca.net
<1%
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fpvv.uni-mb.si
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docplayer.net
<1%
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dspace.unza.zm
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consortiacademia.org
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id.123dok.com
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123dok.com
<1%
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cram.com
<1%
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archive.org
<1%
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garnerclancey.com
<1%
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Www.cram.com
<1%
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oxfordbibliographiesonline.com
<1%
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oxfordbibliographies.com
<1%
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encyclopedia.com
<1%
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law.jrank.org
<1%
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callisto.ggsrv.com
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alchemer.com
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researchpublish.com
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Excluded from Similarity Report

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ncrb.gov.in
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heuni.fi
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mafiadoc.com
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oxfordre.com
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docslide.us
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docshare.tips
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ijsrp.org
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core.ac.uk
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yoamorvos.blogspot.com
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031consulting.com
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rbbelzer.com
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nmlegis.gov
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Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

scb.se
<1%
Internet

brennancenter.org
<1%
Internet

onlinelibrary.wiley.com
<1%
Internet

higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com
<1%
Internet

dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080
<1%
Internet

dc-aapor.org
<1%
Internet

civilrights.org
<1%
Internet

rff.org
<1%
Internet

gao.gov
<1%
Internet

dtic.mil
<1%
Internet

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov
<1%
Internet

yumpu.com
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

wylietexas.gov
<1%
Internet

authorstream.com
<1%
Internet

sk.sagepub.com
<1%
Internet

supremecourt.gov
<1%
Internet

"Environmental factors that affect offenders and victims.", AS and A Level/So...

<1%
Publication

abs.gov.au
<1%
Internet

ausstats.abs.gov.au
<1%
Internet

markedbyteachers.com
<1%
Internet

searchlib.utcc.ac.th
<1%
Internet

phdessay.com
<1%
Internet

digilibadmin.unismuh.ac.id
<1%
Internet

engaweb.it
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

megaessays.com
<1%
Internet

quantif.maths-fi.com
<1%
Internet

proc.isi-ska.ac.id
<1%
Internet

earsiv.odu.edu.tr:8080
<1%
Internet

acikbilim.yok.gov.tr
<1%
Internet

psai.ph
<1%
Internet

fs12.formsite.com
<1%
Internet

faxionmc.com
<1%
Internet

girls.100date.com
<1%
Internet

bodyproject.freehosting.net
<1%
Internet

unn.edu.ng
<1%
Internet

lemassif.com
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

bffalpaca.com
<1%
Internet

lemassif.com
<1%
Internet

roswellatwork.com
<1%
Internet

life-insurance-quote.cc
<1%
Internet

kevinmodera.com
<1%
Internet

destinationsbelize.com
<1%
Internet

beneteau-group.com
<1%
Internet

destinationsbelize.com
<1%
Internet

sunstar.com.ph
<1%
Internet

albertaschoolcouncils.ca
<1%
Internet

pnpdhrdd.ph
<1%
Internet

oaji.net
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

improvingthestudentexperience.com
<1%
Internet

so01.tci-thaijo.org
<1%
Internet

home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp
<1%
Internet

LexisNexis
<1%
Publication

rsujournals.rsu.ac.th
<1%
Internet

researchleap.com
<1%
Internet

repository.unusa.ac.id
<1%
Internet

philssj.org
<1%
Internet

moviecultists.com
<1%
Internet

docs.com
<1%
Internet

su-plus.strathmore.edu
<1%
Internet

aasvet2021.yuntech.edu.tw
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

coek.info
<1%
Internet

interestingresearchpapertopics1.blogspot.com
<1%
Internet

text-id.123dok.com
<1%
Internet

educationdocbox.com
<1%
Internet

biorxiv.org
<1%
Internet

repository.up.ac.za
<1%
Internet

gainswavesuccess.com
<1%
Internet

Www.Educationindex.Com
<1%
Internet

studentcentral.co.uk
<1%
Internet

prisonlegalnews.org
<1%
Internet

pdf2me.com
<1%
Internet

ir.jkuat.ac.ke
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca
<1%
Internet

jobs.k-12.ohiomeansjobs.monster.com
<1%
Internet

dovepress.com
<1%
Internet

redistricting.lls.edu
<1%
Internet

loosegravel.me
<1%
Internet

cvtheque.mathfi.com
<1%
Internet

scholar.sun.ac.za
<1%
Internet

newhorizonsprivateschool.com
<1%
Internet

marylandtreatmentcenters.us
<1%
Internet

careertrend.com
<1%
Internet

pakobserver.net
<1%
Internet

dailytimes.com.pk
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

community.powerbi.com
<1%
Internet

harlets.co.uk
<1%
Internet

mobt3ath.com
<1%
Internet

jcreview.com
<1%
Internet

atpsnet.org
<1%
Internet

tandfonline.com
<1%
Internet

bjs.gov
<1%
Internet

jobs.chronicle.com
<1%
Internet

gapsc.com
<1%
Internet

repository.ar-raniry.ac.id
<1%
Internet

glensfallshospital.org
<1%
Internet

glensfallshospital.com
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

repository.uhn.ac.id
<1%
Internet

mosaicinmanatee.com
<1%
Internet

oscebih.org
<1%
Internet

bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com
<1%
Internet

clinicaltrials.gov
<1%
Internet

ClinicalTrials.gov
<1%
Internet

frontiersin.org
<1%
Internet

fostercity.org
<1%
Internet

apaari.org
<1%
Internet

purehost.bath.ac.uk
<1%
Internet

fairfaxcounty.gov
<1%
Internet

fisherpub.sjfc.edu
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report

 Similarity Report ID: oid:30401:16199850

awej.org
<1%
Internet

agritrop.cirad.fr
<1%
Internet

ujcontent.uj.ac.za
<1%
Internet

tamuc.edu
<1%
Internet

duo.uio.no
<1%
Internet

ed874138-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com
<1%
Internet

Excluded from Similarity Report