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Grammar 3 Syllabus 1 Pages 1 6 Compressed

This document provides an overview of English verb tenses, including the simple tenses (present, past, future), progressive tenses (present, past, future), perfect tenses (present, past, future), and how to form the -ing and -ed verb forms. It explains the meaning and usage of each tense, provides examples, and discusses irregular verbs.

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37 views

Grammar 3 Syllabus 1 Pages 1 6 Compressed

This document provides an overview of English verb tenses, including the simple tenses (present, past, future), progressive tenses (present, past, future), perfect tenses (present, past, future), and how to form the -ing and -ed verb forms. It explains the meaning and usage of each tense, provides examples, and discusses irregular verbs.

Uploaded by

Iinpuspitaa sarii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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- In this lecture, you can learn about tenses.

You will have an overview


of verb tenses: the simple tenses, the progressive tenses, the perfect
tenses, the perfect progressive tenses, and spelling of –ing and –ed
forms.
- These tenses will be studied in more detail in the next chapters/
lectures.

 The Simple Tenses: Simple Present, Simple


Past, Simple Future
 Simple Present
 Form:

Subject + V1+ Rest of the sentence

- Remember to add a final –s when the subject of a sentence is the 3rd


person- he, she, it, or a singular noun.

Compare:

I like apricots, but she likes oranges.


 How to add the final –s
- Be careful with some verbs when using the 3rd person singular.
1. verbs ending in (sh – ch – s – z – x – o )
Add -es to V1.
Examples:
I watch → he watches
I pass → he passes
I go → he goes
I do → he does
2. Verbs ending in –y
Mind the letter that stands before -y.
1. Vowel before -y: Add -s.
Examples:
I play → he plays
2. Consonant before -y: Change -y to -i. Then add -es.
Examples:
I hurry → he hurries
I cry → he cries

 Use
- In general, the simple present expresses events or situations that exit
always, usually, habitually; they exist now, have existed in the past,
and probably will exist in the future.

Examples:
 It snows in Alaska.
 Tom watches TV every day.
 What do you do every morning?
 The nerd studies every day. 
 The Sun rises in the east.
 My friend does not study. 
 Simple Past
 Form:

Subject + V2+ Rest of the sentence

- This tense refers to an action that began and ended at a particular


time in the past.

Examples:
 It snowed in yesterday.
 Tom walked to school two days ago.
 It was cold last night.
 Baraa‘ lived in Paris for ten years.
 I did not have breakfast this morning.

 Simple Future
 Form:

Subject + will/ be going to+ V0 + Rest of the sentence

- This tense refers to an action that will happen at a particular time in


the future.

Examples:
 It will snow tomorrow.
 It is going to snow tomorrow.
 Tom will watch TV tonight.
 Jack will finish his work at about 3.00.
 It will be cloudy next week.
 Be careful! You will hurt yourself!
 I am going to paint my bedroom next month.

 Progressive Tenses: Present Progressive, Past Progressive,


Future Progressive
- In general, the progressive tenses give the idea that an action is in
progress during a particular time. The tenses say that an action
begins, is in progress, and continues after another time or action.

 Present Progressive
 Form:

Subject + am/is/are + Ving + Rest of the sentence

- This tense refers to an action that began in the past, is in progress at


the present time, and probably will continue.

Examples:
 Tom is sleeping right now.
 It is raining.
 The students are sitting in their desks now.

 Past Progressive
 Form:

Subject + was/were + Ving + Rest of the sentence


- This tense refers to an action that began in the past, was in progress at
a particular time, and probably continued after that time.

Examples:
 Tom was sleeping when I arrived.
 Sarah was studying when they came.
 I was having lunch when you phoned me.

 Future Progressive
 Form

Subject + will/be going to + be + Ving + Rest of the sentence

- This tense refers to an action that will begin in the future, will be in
progress at a particular time in the future, and probably will continue
after that time.

Examples:
 Tom will be sleeping when we arrive.
 I will be studying when you come.
 They will be sitting in class at the same time tomorrow.
 Don‘t get impatient. She will be coming soon.

The Perfect Tenses: Present Perfect, Past Perfect,


Future Perfect
- The perfect tenses all give the idea that one thing happens before
another time or event.
 Present Perfect
 Form:
Subject+ have/has + V3+Rest of the sentence.

- In general, present perfect refers to an action that happened before


now in an unknown time.

Examples:
 I have eaten an apple.
 They have moved into a new apartment.
 Have you ever been to London?
 Jack hasn‘t seen it yet.
 She feels bad. She has just heard some bad news. 

 Past Perfect
 Form:
Subject+ had + V3+Rest of the sentence

- Past perfect refers to an action that happened before another action.

Examples:
 Tom had already eaten when his friends arrived.
 Sam had already left when Ann got there.
 After the guests had left, I went to bed.

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