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Process Management Report

Process management in operating systems involves overseeing all ongoing system functions like resource allocation and process scheduling. A process is an instance of a computer program being executed. Processes go through various states like new, ready, running, waiting, and terminated. The operating system uses long, short, and medium term schedulers to manage processes by selecting them from queues to load into memory for execution or swapping between memory and storage. This ensures processes use shared resources efficiently and prevents inconsistencies like deadlocks.

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Jin Zeion
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32 views

Process Management Report

Process management in operating systems involves overseeing all ongoing system functions like resource allocation and process scheduling. A process is an instance of a computer program being executed. Processes go through various states like new, ready, running, waiting, and terminated. The operating system uses long, short, and medium term schedulers to manage processes by selecting them from queues to load into memory for execution or swapping between memory and storage. This ensures processes use shared resources efficiently and prevents inconsistencies like deadlocks.

Uploaded by

Jin Zeion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Process

Management
Overview:

Process management in OS entails completing a variety


of responsibilities, including process development,
scheduling, impasse management, and process
termination. The operating system is in charge of
overseeing all of the system's ongoing functions. By
executing tasks like resource allocation and process
scheduling, the operating system manages processes.
When a process runs on a computer, both the machine's
RAM and CPU are used. Additionally, the operating
system must coordinate the many computer operations.
What is a Program?
• A program is a piece of code that can be as simple as a single
line or as complex as millions of lines.
• A programmer usually develops a computer program in a
programming language.

What is a Process?
• A process is the instance of computer program that is being
executed.
• It performs all task that is present in the program.
• When a program is running, it is called as process.
COMPILER

Hello.class Secondary
(PRPGRAM) Memory
Hello.java

Secondary
Memory
Main
CPU Memory
Process management
❑ It is an important part of the operating system. It
allows you to control the way your computer runs by
managing the currently active processes. This includes
ending processes that are no longer needed, setting
process priorities, and more.
❑ There are several processes in the process management
system that use the same shared resources. As a
result, the operating system must efficiently and
effectively manage all activities and structures.
Process management
❑To preserve consistency, some elements may need to be executed
by one operation at a time. Otherwise, the system might be
inconsistent and deadlock may develop.
In terms of Process Management, the operating system is in
charge of the following task.
• Process and schedule on CPU.
• Both user and system processes can be created and
deleted.
• Process are suspended and resumed.
• Providing synchronization method for processes.
• Providing communication mechanism for processes.
Process State
• New State –This is the first state of the process life cycle. When
process creation is taking place, the process is in a new state
• Ready State –When the process creation gets completed, the
process comes into a ready state. During this state, the process
is loaded into the main memory and will be placed in the queue
of processes which are waiting for the CPU allocation.
• Running State – Whenever the CPU is allocated to the process
from the ready queue, the process state changes to Running.
• Block or Wait State – When the process is executing the
instructions, the process might require carrying out a few tasks
which might not require CPU. If the process requires performing
Input-Output task or the process needs some resources which
are already acquired by other processes, during such conditions
process is brought back into the main memory, and the state is
changed to Blocking or Wait for the state. Process is placed in
the queue of processes that are in waiting or block state in the
main memory.
• Terminated or Completed – When the entire set of instructions
is executed and the process is completed. The process is
changed to terminated or completed state. During this state the
PCB of the process is also deleted.
It’s possible that the process is waiting or blocked state can
be swapped out to secondary memory. Let’s understand in which
state process in waiting or block state will go.

• Suspend Ready – whenever the main memory is full, the


process which is in a ready state is swapped out from main
memory to secondary memory. The process is in a ready state
when goes through the transition of moving from main memory
to secondary memory, the state of that process is changed to
Suspend Ready state. Once the main memory will have enough
space for the process, the process will be brought back to the
main memory and will be in a ready state.
• Suspend Wait or Suspend Blocked – Whenever the
process that is in waiting for state or block state in
main memory gets to swap out to secondary memory
due to main memory being completely full, the process
state is changed to Suspend wait or Suspend blocked
state.
Schedulers
Schedulers are special system software which
handle process scheduling in various ways. Their main
task is to select the jobs to be submitted into the system
and to decide which process to run. Schedulers are of
three types −
•Long-Term Scheduler
•Short-Term Scheduler
•Medium-Term Scheduler
Long Term Scheduler
It is also called a job scheduler. A long-term
scheduler determines which programs are admitted to
the system for processing. It selects processes from the
queue and loads them into memory for execution.
Process loads into the memory for CPU scheduling.

Short Term Scheduler


It is also called as CPU scheduler. Short-term
schedulers, also known as dispatchers, make the
decision of which process to execute next. Short-term
schedulers are faster than long-term schedulers.
Medium Term Scheduler

This process is called swapping, and the process is


said to be swapped out or rolled out. Swapping may be
necessary to improve the process mix.
It is a condition that a process is suspended from
main memory.
Conclusion
✓ Program under execution is called process.
✓ Process goes through different states throughout the
life cycle which are called process states.
✓ New, Ready, Running, Waiting or Block, Terminated or
Completed, Suspend ready, and Suspend wait or
blocked are different states which process might go
during the life cycle.
✓ The state of the process is stored in Process Control
Block (PCB).
QUESTION?

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