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LAB-ACTIVITY-3 Edited

This document describes a laboratory activity on the structure of hydrocarbons. It provides objectives, materials, and procedures for constructing models of hydrocarbon structures including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes, and cycloalkanes. Tables are included showing Lewis structures and bond angles for examples of each hydrocarbon type. Discussion questions at the end cover differentiating hydrocarbon types, hybridization, and differences between aliphatic, aromatic, and cyclic hydrocarbons.

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Hazeljoyce Alcantara
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86 views

LAB-ACTIVITY-3 Edited

This document describes a laboratory activity on the structure of hydrocarbons. It provides objectives, materials, and procedures for constructing models of hydrocarbon structures including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenes, and cycloalkanes. Tables are included showing Lewis structures and bond angles for examples of each hydrocarbon type. Discussion questions at the end cover differentiating hydrocarbon types, hybridization, and differences between aliphatic, aromatic, and cyclic hydrocarbons.

Uploaded by

Hazeljoyce Alcantara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laboratory Activity

3 Structure of Hydrocarbons

INTRODUCTION
I. OBJECTIVES

II. MATERIALS
Materials Actual Photo

Barbecue sticks

Protractor

Styrofoam balls

Illustration board
Poster Paints

Glue Gun

Glue Stick

III. PROCEDURE

Aside from filling out the table, construct the structures of the highlighted HCs and apply the
necessary angles.

IV. DATA AND RESULTS

A. Structure of Alkanes
Alkane Lewis structure Bond angle

methane, CH4

ethane, CH3CH3

propane, CH3CH2CH3

butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3

2-methypropane,
CH3CH3CHCH3

B. Structure of Alkenes
Alkene Lewis structure Bond angle

ethene, H2C=CH2

propene, H2C=CHCH3

1- butene, H2C= CHCH2CH3

cis-2-butene, CH3CH=CHCH3

trans-2-butene,
CH3CH=CHCH3

C. Structure of Alkynes
Alkyne Lewis structure Bond angle

ethyne, HC≡CH

propyne, HC≡CCH3

1- butyne,HC≡ CCH2CH3

2-butyne, CH3C≡CCH3

D. Structure of Arenes
Lewis structure Bond angle
Benzene

Toluene

E. Structure of Cycloalkanes
Lewis structure
Cyclopentane – envelope and half-chair

cis and trans 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane – chair

V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

VI. CONCLUSION

VII. QUESTIONS

1. How are alkanes, alkenes and alkynes differentiated?


All three types of hydrocarbons—alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes—have unique
structural makeups, which also affect their physical and chemical characteristics.
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, which means that there is just one atom-to-atom link
within them. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, which means they are compounds
containing one or more double bonds or one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms.
Saturated hydrocarbons are saturated with hydrogen and are the simple hydrocarbons.
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more triple bonds between the carbon
atoms, while Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond

The main difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons is that aliphatic
hydrocarbons have a high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio whereas aromatic hydrocarbons have
a low carbon-to-hydrogen ratio.
2. How are aliphatic hydrocarbons different from aromatic hydrocarbons?
The main difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons is that aliphatic
hydrocarbons have a high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio whereas aromatic hydrocarbons have
a low carbon-to-hydrogen ratio.
3. How are cyclic hydrocarbons different from aromatic hydrocarbons?
A cyclic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which the carbon chain joins to itself in a
ring. A cycloalkane is a cyclic hydrocarbon in which all of the carbon-carbon bonds are
single bonds. Like other alkanes, cycloalkanes are saturated compound while aromatic
hydrocarbons are cyclic, planar compounds that resemble benzene in electronic
configuration and chemical behavior.
4. What is hybridization and identify the type of hybrid orbitals in alkanes, alkenes, alkynes,
cycloalkanes?
Each of the carbon atoms in an alkane has sp3 hybrid orbitals and is bonded to four
other atoms, each of whicklh is either carbon or hydrogen. Alkane bond are in state of
sp3 hybridization. Alkene bond are in state of sp2 hybridzation, in sp2 hybridzation ones
orbital combines with two p orbitals to form three equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals. Alkynes
bond are in state of sp hybridization, in sp hybridization one s orbitals combines with one
p orbital to form two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals. Cycloalkane are sp3 hybridized, the
hybridization in which one s-orbital and three p-orbitals are mixed to form four identical
hybrid orbitals is called sp3 hybridization.

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