Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

ASSIGNMENTS
SECTION - I
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
LEVEL - I
1. What is the pH at 25ºC, if a solution which is twice as alkaline as pure H2O.
2. Calculate at 25ºC the pH of a solution of (a) 0.01 M HCl and (b) 10–7 M HCl.
3. What is the pH of (a) 0.1 M and (b) 0.001 solution of acetic acid; Ka = 1.85 × 10–5 M.
4. Glycine HC2H4O2NCHG) is one of the amino acid that make up body protiens. Its ionisation constant
at 25ºC is 1.7 × 10–10 M. What is the value of [H3O+] in a 10–4 M solution of glycine ?
5. Calculate the change in pH of one litre of buffer solution containing 0.10 mole each of NH 3 and
NH4 Cl upon addition of :
(i) 0.02 mole of dissolved gaseous HCl; (ii) 0.02 mole of dissolved NaOH .
5
6. Nicotinic acid (Ka = 1.4  10 ) is represented by the formula HNC . Calculate its percent
dissociation in a solution which contains 0.10 mol of nicotinic acid per 2.0 litre of solution .
7. A solution contains 0.10 M H2 S and 0.3 M HCl . Calculate the concentration of [ S 2  ] and
[ HS  ] ions in the solution . For H 2 S , K1 = 1.0  10 7 ; K2 = 1.3  10 13 .
8. 0.16 g of N2 H4 are dissolved in water and the total volume made upto 500 ml . Calculate the
percentage of N 2 H 4 that has reacted with water in this solution . The K b for N 2 H 4 is
4.0  10 6 M .
9. An aqueous solution of aniline of concentration 0.24 M is prepared. What concentration of
sodium hydroxide is needed in this solution so that anilinium ion concentration remains at
1 10 8 M. [ Ka for C 6 H5 NH3 + = 2.4  10 5 M ]
10. The pH of 0.05 M aqueous solution of diethyl amine is 12 . Calculate its Kb ?

LEVEL - II
1. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point when a solution of 0.10 M acetic acid is titrated with
a solution of 0.10 M of NaOH . [ Ka for acetic acid is 1.9  10 5 ]
2. Calculate the concentration of NH 3 and NH4 Cl required to prepare a buffer solution of
pH 9.0 when total concentration of buffering reagents is 0.6 mol L 1 .
[ p Kb for NH3 = 4.7 , log2 = 0.30 ]
3. What volume of 0.10 M sodium formate solution should be added to 50 ml of 0.05 M formic
acid to produce a buffer solution of pH 4.01 . [ p Ka for formic acid is 3.80 ]
4. The solubility product of AgCl in water is 1.5  10 10 . Calculate its solubility in 0.01 M NaCl
aqueous solution .
5. Calculate the pH at which Mg (OH) 2 begins to precipitate from a solution containing 0.10 M
Mg2+ ions. Ksp for Mg (OH)2 = 1.0  10 11 .
6. Calculate the simultaneous solubility of AgCNS & AgBr. K sp for AgCNS & AgBr
1.0  10 12 & 5.0  10 13 respectively .
 Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

7. The solubility product of SrF 2 in water is 8  10 10 . Calculate its solubility in 0.1 M NaF
aqueous solution.
8. A sample of hard water contains 0.005 moles of CaCl 2 per litre . What is the minimum
concentration of Na 2 SO4 which must be added for removing Ca 2+ ions from the water sample.
Ksp for CaSO4 is 2.4  10 5 at 25º C .
9. 0.15 mol of pyridinium chloride has been added into 500 cm3 of 0.2 M pyridine solution. Calculate
pH and hydroxyl ion concentration in the resulting solution assuming no change in volume .
[ Kb for pyridine = 1.5  10 9 M ]
10. Calculate the amout of (NH 4 )2 SO4 in grams which must be added to 500 ml of 0.200 M NH 3
to yield a solution with pH 9.35. (K b for NH3 = 1.78  10 5 )

LEVEL - III
1. Bromophenol blue is an indicator with a Ka value of 5.84  10-5. What % of this indicator is in its
basic form at a pH of 4.84 ?
2. A weak base BOH was titrated against a strong acid. The pH at 1/4th equivalence point was 9.24.
Enough strong base (6 m.eq) was now added to completely convert the salt. The total volume was
50 ml. Find the pH at this point.
3. The pH of pure water at 25°C and 35°C are 7 and 6 respectively. Calculate heat of formation of
water from H+ and OH–.
4. At what minimum pH will 103 mol of Al(OH)3 go into solution (V = 1 L) as Al(OH)4 and at what
maximum pH it will dissolve as Al3+?
Given : Al (OH)4- Al3+ + 4OH Keq = 1.3  1034
Al (OH)3 Al3+ + 3OH Ksp = 5.0  1033
5. What is solubility of PbS (A) ignoring the hydrolysis of ions (B) including the hydrolysis of ions
(assume pH of solution = 7).
Given that :

K b2 Pb(OH)   1.5  108

7
K a1 (H 2S)  1  10

Ksp(pbs) = 1  10–7, Ka2(H2S) = 10–14

6. Using the appropriate acidity constant, calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction
at 25ºC.

CN   HAC HCN  AC 
Where AC– for acetate anion.
7. Calculate at 25ºC the pH of a
0.10 M solution of Fe(NO3)2, given that

Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH)   OH  ; K1  1.0  10 4 M

Fe(OH) Fe 2   OH  ; K 2  2.5  10 6 M
Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

8. A solution is prepared by mixing one male of HA with one mole of HB, diluting to a tital volume of 1
dm3 with water. Bath HA and HB are weak acids which dissociate of HA according to the following
equation

HA  H 2 O H 3O  A  ; K1  1.0  10 6 M

HB  H 2 O H 3O   B ; K 2  1.0  10 6 M
Calculate the equilibrium concentration of H3O+, A– and B–.
9. The dissociation constants of HF and HNO2 are 6.71 × 10–4 M and 4.5 × 10–4 M respectively.
Calculate the PH and the ratio of [F–] to [NO 2 ] in a solution that is simultaneously 0.5 M in HF and
0.5 M in HNO2.
10. What is the PH of 10–3 M. Solution of NH4OH. (Kb = 1.85 × 10–5 M) at 25ºC ?

SECTION - II
SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. During salt analysis, the medium is made acidic in the precipitation of sulphides of group II to
(a) increase the S2– ion concentration (b) decrease the S2– ion concentration
(c) to dilute the solution (d) to make solution viscous
2. Which of the following solution will have pH close to 1?
N N M M
(a) 100 ml HCl + 45 ml of NaOH (b) 55 ml of HCl + 45 ml of NaOH
10 10 10 10
N M M M
(c) 10 ml of HCl + 90 ml of NaOH (d) 75 ml of HCl + 25 ml of NaOH
10 10 5 5
3. The precipitate of CaF2 (Ksp = 1.7  10–10) is obtained when equal volume of following are mixed
(a) 10–4 M Ca2+ + 10–4 M F– (b) 10–2 M Ca2+ + 10–3 M F–
(c) 10–5 M Ca2+ + 10–3 M F– (d) 10–3 M Ca2+ + 10–5 M F–
4. Equilibrium constant for the reaction; CH3COOH + –OH CH3COO– + H2O; is
1.8  109. Hence the equilibrium constant for
CH3COOH + H2O H3COO– + H3O+ is
(a) 1.8  1023 (b) 1.8  105
(c) 1.8  10–5 (d) 5.55  10–10
5. H2O + H3PO4 H3O+ +H2PO4– ; pK1= 2.15
H2O + H 2 PO 4 H3O+ + HPO 
4
; pK2 = 7.20. pH of 0.01M NaH2PO4 is
(a) 9.350 (b) 4.675
(c) 2.675 (d) 7.350
 Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

6. Which of the following mixture will be a buffer solution when dissolved in 500 ml. of water?
(a) 0.20 mole of aniline and 0.20 mole of HCl. (b) 0.20 mole of aniline and 0.20 mole of NaOH
(c) 0.20 mole of NaCl and 0.20 mole of HCl (d) 0.20 mole of aniline and 0.1 mole of HCl
Ka1
7. H – A and H – B are two weak monobasic acids if  is same for both and their  4, then their
Ka 2
molar concentration ratio will be
1
(a) 2 (b)
2
(c) 4 (d) 0.25
8. The compound whose 0.1M solution is basic is
(a) ammonium acetate (b) ammonium chloride
(c) ammonium sulphate (d) sodium acetate
9. The aqueous solution of NH4CN is slightly alkaline because
(a) CN– ion hydrolyses to a greater extent then NH4+ ion.
(b) NH4+ ion hydrolyses to a greater extent than CN– ion
(c) both hydrolyses to an equal extent
(d) it is a salt
10. If pKb of F– ion at 25C is 10.83, the ionisation constant of HF in water at this temperature is
(a) 1.35  10–4 (b) 3.52  10–3
(c) 6.75  10–4 (d) 5.38  10–2
11. To a solution having equal concentration of Cl–, Br– and I–, solid AgNO3 is slowly added. Which one
will precipitate out first? KspAgCl  KspAgBr  KspAgI
(a) AgCl (b) AgBr
(c) AgI (d) All precipitated simultaneously
12. The solubility of A2 X3 is y mol dm 3 . Its solubility product is :
(a) 6 y4 (b) 64 y4
(c) 36 y5 (d) 108 y5
13. The p ka of acetyl salicyclic acid (aspirin) is 3.5. The pH of gastric juice in human stomach is
about 2  3 and the pH in the small intestine is about 8 . Aspirin will be :
(a) unionized in the small intestine and in the stomach
(b) completely ionized in the small intestine and in the stomach
(c) ionized in the stomach and almost unionized in the small intestine
(d) ionized in the small intestine and almost unionized in the stomach .
14. A solution containing NH 4 Cl and NH4 OH has a hydroxide ion concentration of 10 6 mol lit 1 .
Which of the following hydroxides could be precipitated when this solution is added in equal volume
to a solution containing 0.1 M of metal ions .
(a) AgOH (Ksp = 5  10 3 ) (b) Cd (OH)2 (Ksp = 8  10 6 )
(c) Mg (OH)2 (Ksp = 3  10 11 ) (d) Fe (OH)2 (Ksp = 8  10 16 )
Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

15. 18 mL of mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate required 6 ml of 0.1 M NaOH for neutralization
of the acid and 12 ml of 0.1 M HCl for reaction with salt separately . If pK a of the acid is 4.75 ,
what is the pH of the mixture .
(a) 5.05 (b) 3.75
(c) 4.15 (d) 4.06
16. A student wants to prepare a saturated solution of Ag + ion . He has got three samples
AgCl (K sp = 10 10 ) , AgBr (Ksp = 10 13 ) and Ag2 CrO4 (Ksp = 10 12 ) . Which of the above
compound will be used by him using minimum weight to prepare the saturated solution .
(a) AgCl (Mol. Wt. = 143.5) (b) AgBr (Mol. Wt. = 188)
(c) Ag2 CrO4 (Mol. Wt. = 332) (d) all the above .
17. A weak acid HA after treatment with 12 ml of 0.1 M strong base BOH has a pH of 5 . At the end
point, the volume of same base required is 26.6 ml. K a of acid is :
(a) 1.8  10 5 (b) 8.12  10 6
(c) 1.8  10 6 (d) 8.2  10 5

18. An acid type indicator H I n differs in colour from its conjugate base (I n) . The human eye is

[ In  ]
sensitive to colour differences only when the ratio is greater than 10 or smaller than 0.1 .
[ H In ]
What should be the minimum change in the pH of the solution to observe a complete colour
change . (Ka = 1.0  10 5 )
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 6 (d) 1
19. The difference in P H for 1/3 and 2/3 stages of neutralisation of 0.1M CH 3 COOH with 0.1M
NaOH will be
(a) –2 log2 (b) – 2 log3
(c) 2 log1/4 (d) 2 log 2/3
20. For which titration would the use of phenophthalein introduce a significant error ? Kindicator for
phenolphthalein = 1 × 10 –9

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
 Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

SECTION - III
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(with one or more than one answer correct)
1. Choose the correct statement(s) :
(a) pH of an acid buffer increases if more salt is added
(b) pH of a basic buffer decreases if more salt is added
(c) In a saturated solution, ionic product is equal to its solubility product
(d) The term solubility product is only for sparingly soluble salts
2. In the following reaction :
[Cu(H 2 O)3 (OH)]  [Al(H 2 O) 6 ]3 
 [Cu(H 2 O) 4 ]2   [Al(H 2O) 5 (OH)]2 
A B C D
(a) A is an acid and B is the base
(b) A is a base and B is an acid
(c) C is the conjugate acid of A and D is the conjugate base of B
(d) C is the conjugate acid of A and D is the conjugate base of B
3. Which among the following will not react with NaOH or which is not acid salt :
(a) NaH 2 PO 2 (b) Na 2 HPO 3
(c) Na 2 HPO 2 (d) NaHCO3
4. Dissociation of an indictor can be considered as HIn H+ + In–. Colour of HIn is P and In– is Q.
1
Given that ratio of conc. of HIn to In– rangers from 10 to , then which of the following statements
10
are correct ?—
(a) Solution assumes P-colours, when pH  pK In  1
(b) Solution assumes Q-colours, when pH  pK In  1
(c) Solution assumes P-colour, when pH  pK In  1
(d) Solution assumes Q-colour, when pH  pK In  1
5. In which of the following pairs of solutions, there will be no effect upon the pH on dilution ?
(a) 1 M CH3COOH + 1 M CH3COONa (b) 0.5 M H2CO3 + 0.05 M HCO3Na
(c) 0.1 M NH4OH + 0.1 M NH4Cl (d) 0.1 M KCl + 0.1 M HCl
6. A weak acid HA has pH = 4. This can confirm :
(a) C =10–3 , = 10% (b) C = 10–2 , Ka = 10–6
(c) [A– ] = 10–4 (d) Ka = 10–2 ; = 10%
7. Which pair will show common ion effect?
(a) BaCl2 + Ba(NO3)2 (b) NaCl + HCl
(c) NH4OH + NH4Cl (d) HCN + KCN
8. About buffer solution which are correct statements?
(a) It contains a weak acid and its conjugate base
(b) It contains a weak base and its conjugate acid
(c) It shows change in pH on adding small amount of acid or base
(d) pH changes slightly on dilution
Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

9. Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is a weak acid and hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. It follows that
the
(a) pH of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid will be approximately 1
(b) Solution containing 0.1 mole of ethanoic acid and 0.1 mole of sodium ethanoate (sodium
acetate) will be a good buffer
(c) pH of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid will be less than that of 0.1 M ethanoic acid.
(d) pH of a solution formed by mixing equimolar quantities of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
will be greater than that of a similar solution formed from sodium hydroxide and ethanoic acid.
10. Which mixture forms a buffer when dissolved in 1.0 L of water?
(a) 0.2 mol NaOH + 0.2 mol HBr (b) 0.2 mol NaCl + 0.3 mol HCl
(c) 0.4 mol HNO2 + 0.2 mol NaOH (d) 0.5 mol NH3 + 0.2 mol HCl

SECTION - IV
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS

 Write-up I
In qualitative analysis, cations of group II as well as group IV both precipitated in the form of
sulphides due to low value of Ksp of group II sulphides, group reagent is H2S in presence of dil. HCl
and due to high value of Ksp of group IV sulphides, group reagent is H2S in presence of NH4OH and
NH4Cl.
In a 0.1M H2S solution, Sn2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions are present in equimolar concentration (0.1 M).
Given:
K a1 (H 2 S )  =  10 –7 , K a 2 (H 2 S) = 10 –14 , Ksp (SnS) = 8  10 –29 K sp (CdS) = 10 –28 ,
Ksp (NiS) =3 × 10–21

1. If HCl solution is passed slowly then which sulphide will precipitate first -
(a) SnS (b) CdS
(c) NiS (d) none of these
2. At what pH precipitate of NiS will form -
(a) 12.76 (b) 7
(c) 1.24 (d) 4
3. Which of the following sulphide is more soluble in pure water-
(a) CdS (b) NiS
(c) SnS (d) all have equal solubility
 Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

 Write-up III
Like poly protic acids polyhydroxy bases also dissociate or ionise in steps. However, the first step is
always stronger than the subsequent ones. Under the conditions if
k1>> k2>> k3; the H3O+/OH– concentration in the solution can be computed by considering only the
first dissociation or ionisation. For example the base M(OH)2 dissociates in two steps e.g:-
M(OH)2 MOH+ + OH– and MOH+ M+2 +OH–
[MOH  ][OH  ] [M 2  ][OH  ]
These are characterised by k b1  k
and b2 
[M(OH) 2 ] [MOH  ]

4. When, k b1  k b 2 then [OH–] can be computed through

 2
 
(a) [OH ]  k b1 [M(OH) 2 ]0  [OH ]   2
 
(b) [OH ]  k b 2 [M(OH) 2 ]0  [OH ] 
(c) [OH  ]2  k b 2 [M(OH) ]
2 0  [OH  ] (d) [OH  ]2  k b1 [M(OH) ]
2 0  [OH  ]

5. If K b1 itself is small [M(OH) 2 ]0  [OH  ]  [M(OH) 2 ]0 and then [OH-]2 can be computed as
(a) [OH  ]2  k b2 [M(OH) 2 ]0 (b) [MOH  ]  [OH  ]
2

(c) [OH  ]  k b 1 [M(OH) 2 ]0  (d) [OH ]  k b2

6. As k b1  k b 2 , the second dissociation would not affect the concentration of MOH+ significantly..
Hence
(a) [MOH  ]  [OH  ] (b) [M 2 ]  k b2

(c) [MOH  ]  [OH  ] (d) [M 2 ]  k b2

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS

7. Matching the following
Column A Column B
+
(P) Acid is a substance which gives H (W) Bronsted
and base is a substance which give
–
OH ions
(Q) An acid is a proton donor and proton (X) Lewis concept
is a proton acceptor
(R) An acid is an electron pair acceptor (Y) Arrhenius
and base is an electron pair donor
(S)   Ka / c (Z) Ostwald dilution law
Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

P Q R S
(a) W X Y Z
(b) Y W X Z
(c) Y W Z X
(d) W Y X Z
8. Matching the following
Column A Column B
(P) Passing H2S through ammonical solution (W) Analysed IInd group of cation analysis
(Q) Passing H2S through acidfied solution (X) Analysis of V group cation analysis
(R) Addition of (NH4)2 CO3 to the solution (Y) Analysis of IV group of cation analysis
made ammonical with NH4OH
(S) Ionic product < solubility product (Z) No precipitation
P Q R S
(a) Y W X Z
(b) W Y X Z
(c) Y W Z X
(d) Y X W Z

ASSERTION-REASON TYPE PROBLEMS

The following questions consists of two statements, one labelled as ASSERTION (A) and REASON (R).
Use the following key to chose the correct appropriate answer.
(a) (A) and (R) both are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) and (R) both are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
(d) (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct

9. ASSERTION (A) : Sb (III) is not precipitated as sulphide when in its alkaline solution, H2S is
passed.
REASON (R) : The concentration of S2– ion in alkaline medium is inadequate for precipitation.
10. ASSERTION (A) : Addition of silver ions to a mixture of aqueous sodium chloride and sodium
bromide solution will first precipitate AgBr rather than AgCl.
REASON (R) : Ksp of AgCl  Ksp of AgBr.
11. ASSERTION (A) : The addition of silver ions to a mixture of aqueous sodium chloride and sodium
bromide solution, will first precipitate AgBr rather than AgCl.
REASON (R) : The value of Ksp of AgCl < Ksp of AgBr.
12. ASSERTION (A) : H2SO4 acts as a base in presence of HClO4.
REASON (R) : Perchloric acid is stronger acid than H2SO4.
 Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

13. ASSERTION (A) : A very dilute acidic solution of Cd2+ and Ni2+ gives yellow precipitate of CdS on
passing hydrogen sulphide.
REASON (R) : Solubility product of CdS is more than that of NiS.
14. ASSERTION (A) : pH of boiling water is nearly 6.6. This means that boiling water is not neutral.
REASON (R) : H+ ion concentration in boiling water decreases because some water boil off.

SECTION - V

OBJECTIVE
A. Fill in the Blanks
1. The conjugate base of HSO 4 – in aqueous solution is ..............
2. In the reaction I– + I2  I3 – , the Lewis acid is ..............
3. (CH3 OH2 )+ is .............. acidic than (CH3 NH3 +)

B. True / False
1. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3 ) is a Lewis acid because it can donate electrons.
2. Solubility of sodium hydroxide increases with increase in temperature.
3. The following species are in increasing order of their acidic property : ZnO, Na 2 O2 , P 2 O5 ,
MgO

C. Only one option is correct (Objective Questions)

1. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of X– and HX. The Kb for X– is 10–10. The pH
of the buffer is :
(a) 4 (b) 7
(c) 10 (d) 14
2. A certain weak acid has a dissociation constant of 1.0 × 10–4. The equilibrium constant for its reaction
with a strong base is :
(a) 1.0 × 10–4 (b) 1.0 × 10–10
(c) 1.0 × 1010 (d) 1.0 × 1014
3. The best indicator for detection of end point in titration of a weak acid and a strong base is :

(a) methyl orange (3 to 4) (b) methyl red (5 to 6)

(c) bromothymol blue (6 to 7.5) (d) phenolphthalein (8 to 9.6)
4. The conjugate acid of NH2– is :
(a) NH 3 (b) NH 2 OH
+
(c) NH 4 (d) N 2 H 4
5. The pKa of acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) is 3.5 The pH of gastric juice in human stomach is about 2-
3 and the pH in the small intestine is about 8. Aspirin will be :
(a) unionized in the small intestine and in the stomach
(b) completely ionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
(c) ionised in the stomach and almost unionised in the small intestine.
(d) ionised in he small intestine and almost unionised in the stomach
Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

6. Which of the following solutions will have pH close to 1.0?

(a) 100 mL of (M/10) HCl + 100 mL of (M/10) NaOH
(b) 55 mL of (M/10) HCl + 45 mL of (M/10) NaOH
(c) 10 mL of (M/10) HCl + 90 mL of (M/10) NaOH
(d) 75 mL of (M/5) HCl + 25 m of (M/5) NaOH
7. The pH of 0.1 M solution of the following salts increases in the order :
(a) NaCl < NH4Cl < NaCN < HCl (b) HCl < NH4Cl < NaCl < NaCN
(c) NaCN < NH4Cl < NaCl < HCl (d) HCl < NaCl < NaCN < NH4Cl
8. For a sparingly soluble salt ApBq, the relationship of its solubility product (Ls) with its solubility(s) is :
(a) Ls = Sp + q · Pp · qq (b) Ls = Sp + q · Pq · qp
(c) Ls = Spq · Pp · qq (d) Ls = Spq · (P ·q)(p + q)
9. Which of the following acids has he smallest dissociation constant?
(a) CH3 CHFCOOH (b) FCH2CH 2COOH
(c) BrCH2 CH2 COOH (d) CH3CHBrCOOH
10. A solution which is 10–3 M each in Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Hg2+ is treated with 10–16 M sulphide ion. If
Ksp of MnS. FeS, ZnS and HgS are 10–15, 10–23, 10–20 and 10–54 respectively, which one will precipriate
first.
(a) FeS (b) MgS
(c) HgS (d) ZnS
–5
11 HX is a weak acid (Ka = 10 ). It forms a salt NaX (0.1 M) on reacting with caustic soda. The degree
of hydrolysis of NaX is :
(a) 0.01% (b) 0.0001%
(c) 0.1% (d) 0.5%
12 0.1 mole of CH3NH2 (Kb = 5 × 10–4) is mixed with 0.08 mole of HCl and diluted to one litre. What will
be the H+ concentration in the solution ?
(a) 8 × 10–2 M (b) 8 × 10–11 M
(c) 1.6 × 10–11 M (d) 8 × 10–5 M

SUBJECTIVE
1. A certain weak acid has K a = 1.0  10 4 . Calculate the equilibrium constant for its reaction
with strong base .
2. The [ H+] in 0.2 M solution of formic acid is 6.4  10 3 mole litre 1 . To this solution sodium
formate is added so as to adjust the concentration of sodium formate to one mole litre 1 . What
will be pH of this solution ? K a for HCOOH is 2.4  10 4 and degree of dissociation of
HCOONa is 0.75 .
3. How many gram mole of HCl will be required to prepare one litre of a buffer solution containing
NaCN and HCN of pH 8.5 using 0.01 gram formula weight of NaCN .
 Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

4. Freshly precipitated aluminium and magnesium hydroxides are stirred vigorously in a buffer
solution containing 0.25 mol/l of ammonium chloride and 0.05 mole/l of ammonium hydroxide.
Calculate the concentration of aluminium and magnesium ions in solution .
Kb (NH4OH) = 1.8  10 5 , Ksp [Mg(OH)2] = 6  10 10 , Ksp [Al(OH)3] = 6  10 32 .

5. What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of acetic acid ? To what volume must one litre of this
solution be diluted so that the pH of the resulting solution will be twice the original value.
[ Given ka = 1.8  10 5 ]
6. A 40.0 ml solution of a weak base BOH is titrated with 0.1 N HCl solution . The pH of the
solution is found to be 10.04 and 9.14 after adding 5.0 ml and 20.0 ml of the acid respectively .
Find out the dissociation constant of the base .
7. The solubility product of Ag2C2O4 at 25º C is 1.29  10 11 mol3 l 3 . A solution of K2C2O4
containing 0.1520 moles in 500 ml water is shaken at 25º with excess Ag2CO3 till the following
equilibrium is reached , Ag2CO3 + K2CO3 Ag2C2O4 + K2CO3 .
At equilibrium the solution contains 0.0358 moles of K2CO3 . Assuming the degree of dissociation
of K2C2O4 and K2CO3 to be equal , calculate the solubility product of Ag2CO3.
8. The solubility product Ksp of Ca(OH)2 at 25º C is 4.42  10 5 . A 500 ml of saturated solution of
Ca(OH)2 is mixed with equal volume of 0.4 M NaOH. How much Ca(OH) 2 in milligrams is
precipitated ?
9. The pH of blood stream is maintained by a proper balance of H2CO3 and NaHCO3 concentrations.
What volume of 5 M NaHCO3 solution should be mixed with a 10 ml sample of blood which is
2 M in H2CO3 in order to maintain a pH of 7.4 ? K a for H2CO3 in blood is 7.8  10 7.

10. An aqueous solution of a metal bromide MBr 2 (0.05 M) is staurated with H 2S. What is the
minimum pH at which MS will be precipitated . K sp for M S = 6.0  10 21. Concentration of
saturated H2S = 0.1 M , K1 = 10 7 , K2 = 1.3  10 13 for H2S .
11. Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution of 1.0 M ammonium formate assuming complete
dissociation . [ pKa of formic acid = 3.8 , pKb of ammonia = 4.8 ]
12. What is the pH of a 0.50 M aqueous NaCN solution. pK b of CN is 4.70.
13. A sample of AgCl was treated with 5.00 ml of 1.5 M Na 2CO3 solution to give Ag2CO3 . The
remaining solution contained 0.0026 g of Cl per litre. Calculate the solubility product of AgCl.
[Ksp of Ag2CO3 = 8.2 × 10–12]
14. What will be the resultant pH when 200 ml of an aqueous solution of HCl (pH = 2.0) is mixed
with 300 ml of an aqueous solution of NaOH (pH = 12.0) .
15. Given Ag (NH3)2+ Ag+ + 2 NH3 , Kc = 6.2  10 8 & Ksp of AgCl = 1.8  10 10 at 298
K.Calculate the concentration of the complex in 1.0 M aqueous ammonia .
16. The solubility of Pb (OH)2 in water is 6.7  10 6 M . Calculate the solubility of Pb (OH)2
in a buffer solution of pH = 8 .
17. The average ion concentration of SO 2 in the atmosphere over a city on a certain day is
10 ppm, when the average temperature is 298 K . Given that the solubility of SO 2 in water at
298 K is 1.3653 moles litre 1 and the pKa of H2SO3 is 1.92 . Estimate the pH of rain on that
day.
Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

18. 500 mL of 0.2 M aqueous solution of acetic acid is mixed with 500 mL of 0.2 M HCl at 25°C.
(i) Calculate the degree of dissociation of acetic acid in the resulting solution and pH of the
solution.
(ii) If 6g of NaOH is added to the above solution, determine the final pH (assuming there is no
change in volume on mixing, K a of acetic acid is 1.75 × 10 –5 mol/L.

19. Match the following of the molecular weight of x, y, z are same

Boiling Point Kb.
x 100 0.68
y 27 0.53
z 253 0.98
20. 0.1 M NaOH is titrated with 0.1 M HA fill the end point; Ka for HA is 5.6 × 10–6 and degree of
hydrolysis is less compared to 1. Calculate pH of the resulting solution at the end point.
 Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

ANSWERS
EXERCISE - 1

1. 0.18%, 9.26 2. 9.56

3. 10–4 M 4. 1.38%, 0.019%

EXERCISE - 2
1. 0.043 2. 0.05 mol
3. 9.56

EXERCISE - 3

1. HClO4 < KHSO4 < CH3NH3Br < NaHCO3 < Na2O

2. pH = 2.84 3. 3.636
4. (a) 4.74 5. 6.02
(b) 8.72

EXERCISE - 4
1. 1.1 × 10–12
2. Molar solubility of Ag2CrO4 as well as gL–1 solubility is greater than that of AgCl.
3. 1.96 × 10–9 mol L–1
4. (a)
5. (a) increases (b) decreases
(c) no change (d) decreases
6. (a) 5.6 × 10–8 mol L–1 (b) 5.6 ×10–2 mol L–1

EXERCISE - 5
1. 5.7 2. red
3. 7.82 to 10.38

SECTION - I

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Level-I
1. 4  10 12 M
2. [ OH] = 1.077  10 2 mol l 1 ; [ H+ ] = 9.28  10 13 mol l 1
3. pH = 9, [ OH] = 10 5 M
4. 8.26  10 4
Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

5. (i) 0.1761  decrease (ii) 0.1761  increase

6. 1.66 %
7. [ HS  ] = 3.32  10 8 M;[ S 2  ] = 1.44  10 20 M
8. 2% 9. [ NaOH ] = 10 2 M
10. 2.5  10 3

Level-II
1. pH = 8.71
2. Conc. of NH4 Cl = 0.4 mol/litre; Conc. of NH 3 = 0.2 mol/litre
3. 39.62 ml
4. S = 1.5  10–8 mol l -1
5. 9
6. AgBr = 4.08 × 10–7 M; AgCNS = 8.16 × 10 –7 M
7. 8 × 10–8 mol per litre
8. 4.8  10 3 M 9. pH = 5, 10 9 mol l 1
10. 5.248

Level-III
1. 80% 2. 11.22
3. H = – 84.55 Kcal/mole 4. 9.415, 4.231
5. (a) 8.4 × 10–15, (b) 1.0146 × 10–10 6. 3.674 × 104
7. 4.70 8. 0.707 × 10–3 M for Both A– and B–
1.414 × 10–3 for [H3O+]
9. 1.49 10. 10.10

SECTION - II
SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b)
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (a)
16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d)

SECTION - III
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(with one or more than one answer correct)
1. (a, b, c) 2. (b, c) 3. (a, b, c) 4. (a, b) 5. (a, b)
6. (a, b, c) 7. (c, d) 8. (a, b) 9. (a, b, c) 10. (c, d)
 Chemistry : Ionic Equilibrium

SECTION - IV
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (a)
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
7. (b) 8. (a)

ASSERTION-REASON TYPE PROBLEMS

9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (c)
14. (a)

SECTION - V

OBJECTIVE
A. Fill in the blanks
1. SO 4 2– 2. I2 3. more
B. True False
1. F 2. F 3. F
C. Objective Questions with one option correct
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (d)
6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (b)

SUBJECTIVE
1. K = 1010
2. 4.19
3. 8.85  10 3 M
4. [Al3+] = 1.28 × 10–15 M, [Mg2+] = 0.686 M
5. V = 2.78  104 litres 6. 1.828  10 5
7. 3.974  10 12 mol3 l 3 8. 743.3 mg
9. 78.36 ml 10. 0.983
11. 6.5 12. 11.5
13. 1.71  10 10 14. 11.3020
15. 0.0538 M 16. 1.2  10 3 M
17. 0.4946 18. (i) pH = 1, (ii) 4.757
19. x = 0.63, y = 0.53, z = 0.92 20. 9
l l