POINTERS

This document defines key geometric terms including points, lines, planes, rays, line segments, angles, polygons, and circles. It discusses subsets of lines such as rays and line segments. It describes different types of angles like acute, right, complementary, and supplementary angles. It also covers topics like parallel lines cut by a transversal, geometric constructions using a compass and straightedge, properties of polygons, and solving problems involving sides and angles of polygons.

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POINTERS

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Circe Manunulat

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POINTERS

UNDEFINED TERMS IN GEOMETRY

 A point is represented by a dot. It has no width, length, or thickness.
 A line has a length but does not have width or thickness.
 A plane has an infinite length and width but does not have thickness.

SUBSETS OF A LINE
 A ray is a subset of a line that has one endpoint and extends infinitely in one direction.
Order matters in naming a ray, always write the endpoint first.
 A line segment is a subset of a line that has two endpoints.

ANGLE
 An angle is formed by two rays that share an endpoint.
 An acute angle is an angle whose measure is greater than 0º but less than 90º.
 A right angle is an angle whose measure is exactly 90º.
 Complementary angles are pair of angles whose sum is equal to 90º.
 Supplementary angles are pair of angles whose sum is equal to 180º.
 Vertical angles are pair of two non-adjacent angles formed by two intersecting lines.
 Adjacent angles are two angles that share a common side and a common vertex. Also,
adjacent angles do not overlap.
 Linear pairs are adjacent angles and are supplementary. This means that the sum of the
measurement of the angles add up to 180º.

Angles Formed by Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal Line

 Perpendicular lines are two intersecting lines that form a right angle.
 Parallel lines are lines on the same plane that will never intersect.
 Transversal is a line which intersects two coplanar lines at two different points.
 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate interior angles are
congruent.
 Same-side Exterior Angles are exterior angles on the same side of the transversal.

Geometric Construction Using a Compass and Straightedge

 Geometric construction is a method of drawing of geometric figures such as lines and
angles using only a compass and straightedge.
 Geometric construction restricts the measurement of the lengths or angles when
constructing various figures.
 Straightedge is a drawing instrument which is used as a guide for the pencil when
drawing a straight line.

POLYGONS
 Polygon is a closed figure formed by the union of two or more coplanar segments which
intersects at endpoints by only two noncollinear segments.
 The common endpoints of the consecutive sides of the polygon are called vertices.
 Polygon Interior Angles Theorem states that the sum of the measures of the interior
angles of a convex polygon with n sides is (n – 2) 180°.
 The formula used in finding the measurement of each interior angle of a regular polygon
( n−2 ) 180 °
is .
n
 The sum of exterior angles of a convex polygon is 360°.
CIRCLES
 Semi-circle is an arc that measures exactly 180°.
 Major arc is an arc of the circle that measures greater than a semicircle.