FAKULTI KEJURTERAAN MEKANIKAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

CAW. JOHOR, KAMPUS PASIR GUDANG
MEC111 STATICS

CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

Section A: Method of Joint

Instruction:
1. Draw overall FBD – find reaction force at support by using equation of equilibrium (rigid body).

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ;∑𝑀 = 0

2. Then draw, FBD for each joint of the truss.

3. Using equation of equilibrium (particle), find force for each member of the truss. Start with joint with only TWO unknown
forces. Then proceed to the rest of the joints.

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

Exercise 1
A truss is supported with a pin at A and roller at D. State ONE (1) zero-force member in the truss. Determine the forces in each
member of the truss, and state whether the member is in tension or compression.

Exercise 2
A 6-kN load is acting on the truss. Determine the forces in all members of the truss. State whether the members are in tension or
compression.
Exercise 3
Determine the forces in all members of the truss. State whether the members are in tension or compression.

Exercise 4
Determine the force in each member of the truss and state if the members are in tension or compression. Set P1 = P2 = 4 kN.

Exercise 5
Identify zero-force member in the truss. Determine the force in each member of the truss, and state if the members are in tension
or compression. [Ans: 𝐹𝐷𝐶 = 1.34𝑘𝑁(𝐶), 𝐹𝐷𝐸 = 1.2𝑘𝑁 (𝑇); 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 1.34𝑘𝑁 (𝐶); 𝐹𝐸𝐵 = 1.27𝑘𝑁 (𝐶); 𝐹𝐸𝐴 =
2.10 𝑘𝑁 (𝑇).
Section B: Method of Section

Instruction:
1. Draw overall FBD – find reaction force at support by using equation of equilibrium (rigid body).
2. Mark all members on the truss that need to be solved.
3. Pick the section and draw FBD for the selected section. Make sure you have maximum 3 unknowns.
4. ALWAYS assume unknown forces to be in TENSION.
5. Apply equilibrium of rigid body equation, to solve the unknown forces.

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ;∑𝑀 = 0

Exercise 1
The truss in the figure is used to support the vertical load 800 N at D and it supported by hinge at B and roller at D. Knowing that all
joints are pinned:
i) Calculate the reaction at point B and D
ii) Classify zero-force members in the truss
iii) Determine the forces in member AB, BE and ED of the truss. State whether the members are in tension of compression.

Exercise 2
The truss is used to support vertical load of roof. The truss supported by roller at B and hinge at A.
i. Determine the force in members CD, BD and BE of the truss. indicate whether the members are in tension (T) or
compression (C).
ii. Classify all zero force members in the truss.
Exercise 3
The warren bridge truss is subjected with two forces. Determine;
i) The reaction at pin A and roller G
ii) The force in members BD, BC and AC. State whether each member is in tension of compression.

Exercise 4
A truss is subjected to two loadings. Determine
i) The reactions at hinge D and roller E
ii) The forces in member DC, DE and AE. State whether each member is in tension or compression

Exercise 5
A truss is supported by a hinge at A and roller at E and is subjected to the loading as shown. Calculate the forces in members CD,
FD and FE. State whether each member is in tension, or compression.
Exercise 6
Determine the reaction forces at pin E and roller F. Determine the forces in members AB, BF and FG.

Section C: Frames and Machines

Instruction:
1. Draw overall FBD – find reaction force at support by using equation of equilibrium (rigid body).
Certain case, no need to draw overall FBD.
2. Disassemble the structure and draw FBD for each member. Identify two-force member.
Hint: You may or may not to completely disassemble the structure.
3. Determine which member members and unknown forces that you need to evaluate.
4. Apply equilibrium of rigid body equation for each FBD, to solve the unknown forces.
Hint: One set of equation for one FBD. Start to solve with member which has two unknown forces.

Equation of equilibrium (Ridgid Body): ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ;∑𝑀 = 0

Example 1:
Determine the horizontal and vertical components of force at pins B and C. The suspended cylinder has a
mass of 75 kg.
1st step: Identify number of members and two-force member. Draw FBD for each member.

Member AB: Two-force member

Member CBD: Multi-force member

Pulley D

2nd step: Solve the unknown forces using equation of equilibrium (rigid body)

Pulley D: W = T = 735.75N (same cord)

(+→) ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
−𝑇 − 𝐷𝑥 = 0
𝐷𝑥 = −735.75𝑁
(+↑) ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
−𝑊 − 𝐷𝑦 = 0
𝐷𝑦 = −735.75𝑁

Member CBD: (+↺) ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0

−𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛36.87(2) + 𝐷𝑦 (2.5) = 0
(−735.75)(2.5)
𝐹𝐴𝐵 =
2𝑠𝑖𝑛36.87
∴ 𝑭𝑨𝑩 = −𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟐. 𝟖𝟏𝑵
∴ 𝑭𝑨𝑩𝒙 = −𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝑵
∴ 𝑭𝑨𝑩𝒚 = −𝟗𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟗𝑵

(+→) ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐶𝑥 − 𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝑜𝑠36.87 + 𝐷𝑥 = 0
𝐶𝑥 = (−1532.81)𝑐𝑜𝑠36.87 − (−735.75)
∴ 𝑪𝒙 = −𝟒𝟗𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟔𝑵
(+↑) ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝐶𝑦 − 𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛36.87 + 𝐷𝑦 = 0
𝐶𝑦 = (−1532.81)𝑠𝑖𝑛36.87 − (−735.75)
∴ 𝑪𝒙 = −𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟒𝟓𝑵
Exercise 1
A frame structure is subjected to a 400N load at point D. If 𝛼 = 75°
i) Draw FBD of members AC and BCD
ii) Determine all the forces that are acting at member AC and BCD.

Exercise 2
A frame structure is subjected to a 750-N load at point D. if 𝛼 = 60°
a) Draw FBD for members AC and BCD
b) Determine all the forces that are acting at members AC an BCD

Exercise 3
The frame is used to support the 50-kg cylinder. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction at A and D.
[Answer: 𝐴𝑥 = 695𝑁, 𝐴𝑦 = 245𝑁, 𝐷𝑥 = 695𝑁, 𝐷𝑦 = 254𝑁]
Exercise 4
Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction that the pins at A, B, and C exert on the frame. The cylinder has a
mass of 80 kg.
[Answer: 𝐴𝑥 = 2.98𝑘𝑁, 𝐴𝑦 = 235𝑁, 𝐵𝑥 = 2.98𝑘𝑁, 𝐵𝑦 = 549𝑁, 𝐶𝑥 = 2.98𝑘𝑁, 𝐶𝑦 = 1.33𝑘𝑁]

Exercise 5
A frame ABCDE is supported at hinge A and E.
a) Construct FBD for the entire structure, the disc and member DBE.
b) Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the force that is acting on the hinge of the member DBE.

Exercise 6
A plier is designed for cutting purpose.
a) Draw FBD for member AB, CDE, AC and BD.
b) Determine the cutting force exerted on the rod E if an external force P which is 35N is applied at the handle of the plier.
Exercise 7
If a force of F=350N is applied to the handle of the toggle clamp, determine the resulting clamping force at A. [Answer: 𝑁𝐴 =
284𝑁]

Exercise 8
The tractor shovel carries a 500-kg load of soil, having a center of mass at G. Compute the forces developed in the hydraulic
cylinders IJ and BC due to this loading. [Answer: 𝐹𝐼𝐽 = 9.06𝑘𝑁; 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 15.4𝑘𝑁]

Exercise 9
Members ABC and BDF are supporting an applied load 150.
a) Draw FBD for member AE, DG, BDF and ABC.
b) Determine the force at the member ABC and BDF
Exercise 10
A member ABC is controlled by the hydraulic cylinder CD.
a) Construct FBD for all the members.
b) Determine the forces exerted by the hydraulic cylinder CD and the reaction at B.