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On Binary structure of Supra Topological space

Article  in  Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matematica · April 2017

DOI: 10.5269/bspm.v35i3.28982

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 Bol. Soc. Paran. Mat. (3s.) v. 35 3 (2017): 25–37.
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SPM: www.spm.uem.br/bspm doi:10.5269/bspm.v35i3.28982

On Binary Structure of Supra Topological Spaces

M.Lellis Thivagar and J.Kavitha

abstract: In this paper we introduce the new concept of binary supra topology
and deals with concrete examples. Also we examine some binary supra topological
properties. Further characterizations and properties of weak and strong forms binary
supra continuity have been obtained.

Key Words: Supra topology, Binary topology, Binary continuity, Binary

closure, Supra closure.

Contents

1 Introduction 25

2 Preliminaries 26

3 Binary Supra Topology 28

4 Characterisations of binary supra interior and closure 29

5 Binary supra continuity 31

6 Distinct forms of continuity in binary supra space 33

7 Conclusion 36

1. Introduction
Let X be a nonempty set. The subclass µ ⊆ P(X) where P(X) is a power
set of X is called a supra topology on X if X, ∅ ∈ µ and µ is closed under arbitrary
union. The pair (X,µ) is called a supra topological space. The members of µ are
called supraopen sets and some of the properties are discussed in [5]. Let (X,τ ) be
a topological space and µ be an supra topology on X. We call µ a supratopology
associated with τ if τ ⊂ µ. Let (X,τ 1 ) and (Y,τ 2 ) be two topological space and µ
be an associated supra topology with τ 1 . A function f :X −→ Y is supra continuous
function if the inverse image of each open set in Y is supra open in X. A function
f :(X,τ ) −→ (Y,σ) is said to be θ-continuous [7](weakly continuous [7]) if for each
x ∈ X and each V ∈ σ containing f (x), there exist U ∈ τ containing x such that
cl(U) ⊆ f −1 (cl(V ))(U ⊆ f −1 (cl(V ))). In 1965, O.Njastad [6] introduced a weak
form of open sets called α-sets. A single structure which carries the subsets of X as
well as the subsets of Y for studying the information about the ordered pair (A,B)
of subsets of X and Y. Such a structure is called a binary structure from X to Y is
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54C05

Typeset by BSP
M
style.
25 c Soc. Paran. de Mat.

26 M. Lellis Thivagar and J. Kavitha

given in [11]. A point (x,y) ∈ X × Y is called binary point of X and Y.

In this paper we introduce the concept of Binary supra topological space is
nothing but a binary supra topology from X to Y is a binary structure µ ⊆P(X)
× P(Y) that satisfies the following axioms. If (X,Y) ∈ Bµ and (∅, ∅) ∈ Bµ and If
{ (Aα , Bα ) : α ∈ ∆} is a family of members of Bµ , then (∪Aα , ∪Bα ) ∈ Bµ . We
also investigate binary supra α-continuous function and some of the relationship
between them.

2. Preliminaries
In this section we have given the preliminaries and definition required in the
sequel of our work.

Definition 2.1. [7]:A function f :X −→ Y is said to be η-continuous if for every

regular open sets U,V of Y,

(i) f −1 (V ) ⊆ int(cl( f −1 (V ))).

(ii) int(cl( f −1 (U ∩ V ))) = int(cl( f −1 (U ))) ∩ int(cl( f −1 (V )))

Definition 2.2. [3]: Let A be a subset of X. Then,

(i) the supra closure of a set A is denoted by clµ (A) defined by clµ (A) = ∩ {B:
B is a supra closed and A ⊆ B }.

(ii) the supra interior of a set A is denoted by intµ (A) defined by

intµ (A) = ∪ {G: G is a supra open and A ⊇ G}.

Definition 2.3. [3]: A subset A of X is called,

(i) supra semiopen if A ⊆ clµ (intµ (A)).

(ii) supra α-open if A ⊆ intµ (clµ (intµ (A))).

(iii) supra preopen if A ⊆ intµ (clµ (A)).

Lemma 2.1. : Let A be a subset of a supra space (X,µ). Then A is supra α-open
iff A is supra semiopen and supra preopen.

Proof: :Necessity.Let A ∈ αµ . By the definition A ⊆ intµ (clµ (A)) and A ⊆

clµ (intµ (A)). Therefore we obtain A ∈ SOµ (X) ∩ P Oµ (X).
Sufficiency. A ∈ SOµ (X) ∩ P Oµ (X). Let A ∈ SOµ (X) and hence it follows
from A ∈ P Oµ (X) so that A ⊆ intµ (clµ (A)) ⊆ intµ (clµ (clµ (intµ (A)))) =
intµ (clµ (intµ (A))). Therefore A ∈ αµ -open. ✷

Lemma 2.2. : Let A and B be subsets of (X, µ). If either A ∈ SO(X,µ) or B ∈

SO(X,µ) then intµ clµ (A ∩ B) = intµ (clµ (A)) ∩ intµ (clµ (B)).
 On Binary Structure of Supra Topological Spaces 27

Proof: : For any subsets A ⊆ X and B ⊆ X, we generally have intµ (clµ (A ∩ B))
⊆ intµ (clµ (A)) ∩ intµ (clµ (B)). Assume A ∈ SO(X,µ). Then we have clµ (A) ⊆
clµ (intµ (A)). Therefore intµ (clµ (A)) ∩ intµ (clµ (B)) = intµ (clµ (intµ (clµ (A))))
∩ intµ (clµ (B)) ⊆ intµ (clµ (clµ (A))) ∩ intµ (clµ (B)) = intµ (clµ (clµ (intµ (A))))
∩ intµ (clµ (B)) ⊆ intµ (clµ (intµ (A) ∩ clµ (B))) ⊆ intµ (clµ (intµ (A) ∩ intµ (B))) ⊆
intµ (clµ (A ∩ B)). This completes the proof. ✷

Definition 2.4. [11]: Let X and Y be two nonempty sets and let (A,B) ∈ P(X)
× P(Y) and (C,D) ∈ P(X) × P(Y) respectively. Then
(i) (A,B) ⊆ (C,D) iff A ⊆ C and B ⊆ D.
(ii) (A,B) = (C,D) iff A = C and B = D.
(iii) (A,B) ∪ (C,D) iff (A ∪ C) and (B ∪ D)
(iv) (A,B) ∩ (C,D) iff (A ∩ C) and (B ∩ D)
(v) (Ac , B c ) = (X\A, Y \B)
(vi) (A, B) − (C, D) = (A, B) ∩ (C, D)c .
Definition 2.5. [11]: A binary topology from X to Y is a binary structure
M⊆P(X) × P(Y) that satisfies the following axioms.
(i) (∅, ∅) and (X,Y) ∈ M.
(ii) (A1 ∩ A2 , B1 ∩ B2 ) ∈ M whenever (A1 , B1 ) ∈ M and (A2 , B2 ) ∈ M.
(iii) If { (Aα , Bα ) : α ∈ ∆} is a family of members of M, then (∪Aα , ∪Bα : α ∈
∆) ∈ M .
If M is a binary topology from X to Y then the triplet (X,Y,M) is called binary
topological space and the members of M are called binary open subsets of the
binary topological space (X,Y,M). The elements of X × Y are called the binary
points of the binary topological space (X,Y,M).
If Y = X then M is called a binary topology on X in which case we write
(X,X,M) as a binary space.
Definition 2.6. [11]: The ordered pair ((A, B)1∗ , (A, B)2∗ ) is called the binary
closure of (A,B), denoted by B-cl(A,B) in the binary space (X,Y,M) where (A,B)
⊆ (X,Y) and,
∗
(i) (A, B)1 = ∩ { Aα : (Aα , Bα ) is binary closed and (A, B) ⊆ ( Aα , Bα )}.
∗
(ii) (A, B)2 = ∩ { Bα : (Aα , Bα ) is binary closed and (A, B) ⊆ ( Aα , Bα )}.
And also, (A,B) is binary closed in (X,Y,M) iff (A,B) = B-cl(A,B).
Definition 2.7. [11]: Let (X,Y,M) be a binary topological space and (A,B) ⊆
o o
(X,Y). The ordered pair ((A, B)1 , (A, B)2 ) is called the binary interior of (A,B)
denoted by B-int(A,B) where,
28 M. Lellis Thivagar and J. Kavitha

o
(i) (A, B)1 = ∪ { Aα : (Aα , Bα ) is binary open and ( Aα , Bα ) ⊆ (A,B)}.
o
(ii) (A, B)2 = ∪ { Bα : (Aα , Bα ) is binary open and ( Aα , Bα ) ⊆ (A,B)}.
And also binary open in (X,Y,M) iff (A,B)= B-int(A,B).
Definition 2.8. [11]: Let (X,Y,M) be a binary topological space.Let (A,B) ⊆
(X,Y). Then (A,B) is called binary regular open if (A,B) = B-int(B-cl(A,B)).
Definition 2.9. [11]: If f :Z −→ X × Y be a function and A ⊆ X and B ⊆ Y.We
define f −1 (A, B) = { z ∈ Z : f (z) = (x, y) ∈ (A,B)}.

3. Binary Supra Topology

In this section by merging binary and supra topological space we have formed
a new topological structure called binary supra topological space and also paves
way to some peculiar yields.
Definition 3.1. : A Binary Supra Topology from X to Y is a binary structure
Bµ ⊆ P(X) × P(Y) that satisfies the following axioms.
(i) If (X,Y) ∈ Bµ and (∅, ∅) ∈ Bµ .
(ii) If {(Aα , Bα ) : α ∈ ∆} is a family of members of Bµ , then (∪Aα , ∪Bα ) ∈
Bµ .
If Bµ is a binary supra topology from X to Y then the triplet (X,Y, Bµ ) is
called binary supra topological space. The elements of Bµ are called binary supra
open sets. The complement of binary supra open sets are called Binary supra closed
sets.
Definition 3.2. : Let (X,Y, Bµ ) be a binary supra topological space and let
(x,y)∈X ×Y, then a subset (A,B) of (X,Y) is called a binary supra neighbourhood
of (x,y) if there exist a binary supra open set (U,V) such that (x,y) ∈ (U,V) ⊆
(A,B).
Example 3.3. :Let X = {a,b,c} and Y = {1,2} with binary supra topology
Bµ = { (X, Y ), (∅, ∅), ({b}, {1}), ({a, b}, {2}), ({a, b}, Y )}.Hence ({a, b}, Y ), ({a, b},
{2}), (X, Y ) is binary supra neighbourhood of a point (a,2).
Definition 3.4. : Let (X,Y, Bµ ) be a binary supra topological space and let (A,B)
be a subset of (X,Y). Then a binary point (x,y) ∈ X × Y is called a limit point of
(A,B) if [(U,V)-(x,y)] ∩ (A,B) 6=(∅,∅) for all binary supra neighbourhood (U,V) of
(x,y).
Example 3.5. :Let X = {a,b,c} with binary supra topology Bµ = {(X, X), (∅, ∅),
({b}, {a}), ({a, b}, {b}), ({a, b}, {a, b})}. Let (A,B) = ({c},{a,c}). The set of all
limit points of (A,B) are (a,c),(b,c),(c,a),(c,c),(c,b).
∗ ∗
Definition 3.6. : The ordered pair ( (A, B)1 , (A, B)2 ) is binary supra closure
of (A,B), denoted by Bµ cl(A, B) in the binary supra space (X,Y, Bµ ) where (A,B)
⊆ (X,Y).
 On Binary Structure of Supra Topological Spaces 29

∗
(i) (A, B)1 = ∩ { Aα : (Aα , Bα ) is binary supra closed and (A,B) ⊆ ( Aα , Bα )}.
∗
(ii) (A, B)2 = ∩ { Bα : (Aα , Bα ) is binary supra closed and (A,B) ⊆ ( Aα , Bα )}.

Definition 3.7. : Let (X,Y, Bµ ) be a binary supra topological space and (A,B)
o o
⊆ (X,Y). The ordered pair ( (A, B)1 , (A, B)2 ) is called binary supra interior of
(A,B), denoted by Bµ int(A, B).
o
(i) (A, B)1 = ∪ { Aα : (Aα , Bα ) is binary supra open and ( Aα , Bα ) ⊆ (A,B)}.
o
(ii) (A, B)2 = ∪ { Bα : (Aα , Bα ) is binary supra open and ( Aα , Bα ) ⊆ (A, B)}.

Example 3.8. :Let X = {a,b,c} and Y = {1,2} with binary supra topology
Bµ = { (X, Y ), (∅, ∅), ({a}, Y ), ({a, b}, {2}), (∅, Y ), ({a, b}, Y )}. Bµ closed sets
= { (X, Y ), (∅, ∅), ({b, c}, ∅), ({c}, {1}), (X, ∅), ({c}, ∅)}. Let (A,B) = ({b},∅) then
Bµ cl(A, B) = ({b,c},∅), Bµ int(A, B) = (∅,∅).

4. Characterisations of binary supra interior and closure

Here we discussed the properties of binary supra interior and closure in binary
supra space.

Theorem 4.1. :In a binary supra topological space (X,Y, Bµ ) if (A,B) ⊆ (X,Y)
then prove the following,

(i) Bµ cl(A, B) is the smallest Bµ closed set containing (A,B).

(ii) (A,B) is binary supra closed in (X,Y, Bµ ) iff (A,B) = Bµ cl(A,B).

Proof: : (i):Let { (Aα , Bα ) : α ∈ ∆} be the collection of all binary supra closed

sets containing (A,B). Then (C,D) = ∩ { (Aα , Bα ) : α ∈ ∆} is a binary supra
closed set. Now each (Aα , Bα ) is a superset of (A,B) that is (A,B) contained in
their intersection. Therefore (A,B) ⊆ (C,D) that is (C,D) ⊆ (Aα , Bα ) for each
(x,y) ∈ ∆ and hence (C,D) is the smallest binary supra closed set containing (A,B).
Therefore Bµ cl(A, B) is the smallest binary closed set containing (A,B).
(ii): As we know that (A,B) be binary supra closed. Since (A,B) ⊆ Bµ cl(A, B) that
is Bµ cl(A, B) is the smallest binary supra closed set containing (A,B). Conversely,
let Bµ cl(A, B) = (A,B) then (A,B) is binary supra closed because by definition of
Bµ cl(A, B) is the smallest binary supra closed set containing (A,B) and Bµ cl(A, B)
= (A,B) is given it follows that (A,B) is binary supra closed. ✷

Proposition 4.2. :Let (A,B) and (C,D) ⊆ P(X) × P(Y) and (X,Y, Bµ ) is a
binary supra space. Then

(i) Bµ cl(∅, ∅) = (∅, ∅) and Bµ cl(X, Y ) = (X, Y ).

(ii) (A,B) ⊆ Bµ cl(A, B).

(iii) Bµ cl(Bµ cl(A, B)) = Bµ cl(A, B).

30 M. Lellis Thivagar and J. Kavitha

(iv) Bµ cl(A, B) ∪ Bµ cl(C, D) ⊆ Bµ cl((A, B) ∪ (C, D)).

(v) Bµ cl((A, B) ∩ (C, D)) ⊆ Bµ cl(A, B) ∩ Bµ cl(C, D).

Proof: : (i): By the theorem 4.1 (A,B) is binary supra closed in (X,Y, Bµ ) iff
(A,B) = Bµ cl(A,B) and since both (∅, ∅) and (X,Y) are binary supra closed sets
then Bµ cl(∅, ∅) = (∅, ∅) and Bµ cl(X, Y ) = (X, Y ).
(ii): By the theorem 4.1 Bµ cl(A, B) is the smallest binary supra closed containing
(A,B) so that (A,B) ⊆ Bµ cl(A, B).
(iii): By the theorem 4.1 (A,B) is binary supra closed in (X,Y, Bµ ) iff (A,B) =
Bµ cl(A,B) and Bµ cl(A,B) is also binary supra closed set. Hence Bµ cl(Bµ cl(A, B))
= Bµ cl(A, B).
(iv): (A,B) ⊆ (A,B) ∪ (C,D) and (C,D) ⊆ (A,B) ∪ (C,D). Therefore Bµ cl(A, B) ⊆
Bµ cl((A, B)∪(C, D)) and Bµ cl(C, D) ⊆ Bµ cl((A, B)∪(C, D)). Hence Bµ cl(A, B)
∪ Bµ cl(C, D) ⊆ Bµ cl((A, B) ∪ (C, D)).
(v): (A,B) ∩ (C,D) ⊆ (A,B) and (A,B) ∩ (C,D) ⊆ (C,D). Therefore Bµ cl((A,B)
∩ (C,D)) ⊆ Bµ cl(A,B). Therefore Bµ cl((A,B) ∩ (C,D)) ⊆ Bµ cl(C, D). Hence
Bµ cl((A,B)∩ (C,D)) ⊆ Bµ cl(A,B) ∩ Bµ cl(C,D). ✷

Proposition 4.3. : Let (X,Y, Bµ ) be a binary supra topological space and let
(A,B) be a subset of (X,Y, Bµ ). Then

(i) Bµ int(A, B) is an binary supra open.

(ii) Bµ int(A, B) is the largest binary supra open set contained in (A,B).

(ii) (A,B) is binary supra open if and only if Bµ int(A, B) = (A,B).

Proof: : (i): We know that every binary supra open set is a binary supra neigh-
bourhood of each of its points. Let (x,y)∈ Bµ int(A, B) =⇒ (x,y) is an binary
supra interior point of (A,B) so that there exist a binary supra open set (C,D) such
that (x,y) ∈ (C,D) ⊆ (A,B). Now (C,D) is binary supra open, it is a binary supra
neighbourhood of each of its points and hence (A,B) being a superset of (C,D)
is also binary supra neighbourhood of each point of (C,D). Hence by definition
every binary point of (C,D) is an binary supra interior point of (C,D). Therefore
(C,D) ⊆ Bµ int(A, B). Now from (i)(x,y) ∈ (C,D) ⊆ Bµ int(A, B). Since (x,y)
chosen arbitrarily, it follows that each (x,y) ∈ Bµ int(A, B) which is contained in
Bµ int(A, B). Hence Bµ int(A, B) is a neighbourhood of each of its points and
consequently Bµ int(A, B) is binary supra open.
(ii): Let (C,D) be any open subset of (A,B) and let (x,y) ∈ (C,D) that is (x,y)
∈ (C,D) ⊆ (A,B). Since (C,D) is binary supra open, (A,B) is a neighbourhood of
(x,y) ∈ (C,D) and consequently (x,y) is an binary supra interior of (A,B). Since
(x,y) ∈ (C,D) =⇒ (x,y) ∈ Bµ int(A, B). Therefore (C,D) ⊆ Bµ int(A, B) and by
(i) is an binary supra open set. Thus Bµ int(A, B) contains every binary supra
open subset (C,D) of (A,B) and as such Bµ int(A, B) is the largest subset of (A,B).
(iii):Let (A,B) = Bµ int(A, B),we know that Bµ int(A, B) is an binary supra open
 On Binary Structure of Supra Topological Spaces 31

then (A,B) is also binary supra open. Conversely (A,B) is binary supra open.
Then by (i), Bµ int(A, B) is the largest binary supra open subset of (A,B). Hence
Bµ int(A, B) = (A,B). ✷

Theorem 4.4. :Let (X,Y, Bµ ) be a binary supra topological space and (A,B),(C,D)
be any subsets of (X,Y), then prove the following.
(i) Bµ int(∅, ∅) = (∅, ∅).
(ii) Bµ int(X, Y ) = (X, Y ).
(iii) Bµ int((A, B) ∩ (C, D)) ⊆ Bµ int(A, B) ∩ Bµ int(C, D).
(iv) Bµ int(Bµ int(A, B)) = Bµ int(A, B).
(v) Bµ int(A, B) ∪ Bµ int(C, D) ⊆ Bµ int((A, B) ∪ (C, D))

Proof: : (i) and (ii): By the proposition 4.3 (A,B) is binary supra open iff
Bµ int(A, B) = (A,B). Since both (∅, ∅) and (X,Y) are binary supra open sets
it follows that Bµ int(∅, ∅) = (∅, ∅), Bµ int(X, Y ) = (X,Y).
(iii): (A,B) ∩ (C,D) ⊆ (A,B) and (C,D) ∩ (A,B) ⊆ (C,D). Then Bµ int((A, B) ∩
(C, D)) ⊆ Bµ int(A, B), Bµ int((A, B) ∩ (C, D)) ⊆ Bµ int(C, D). Hence
Bµ int((A, B) ∩ (C, D)) ⊆ Bµ int(A, B) ∩ Bµ int(C, D).
(iv): As we know that Bµ int(A, B) is binary supra open and hence
Bµ int(Bµ int(A, B)) = Bµ int(A, B).
(v): We know that (A, B) ⊆ (A, B)∪(C, D)and(C, D) ⊆ (A, B)∪(C, D). Therefore
Bµ int(A, B) ⊆ Bµ int((A, B) ∪ (C, D)) and Bµ int(C, D) ⊆ Bµ int((A, B) ∪ (C, D)).
Hence Bµ int(A, B) ∪ Bµ int(C, D) ⊆ Bµ int((A, B) ∪ (C, D)). ✷

5. Binary supra continuity

In this section we define a new form of continuity called binary supra continuity
which is a map from a topological(single dimension)space to a binary space(2-D
space).
Definition 5.1. : Let (X,Y,M) be a binary topological space, let (Z,τ ) be a topo-
logical space and µ be an supra topology associated with τ . Let f :Z −→ X × Y be
a function. Then f is called binary supra continuous if f −1 (A, B) is supra open
in Z for every binary open set (A,B) in X × Y.
Example 5.2. :Let X = {a,b,c} and Z = {p,q,r,s} with binary topology M =
{ (X, X), (∅, ∅), ({b}, {a}), ({b, c}, {a}), ({b, c}, {a, b})}. Binary closed sets = { (X,
Y ), (∅, ∅), ({a, c}, {b, c}), ({a}, {b, c}), ({a}, {c})}. τ = {Z, {p}, {q, r}, ∅, {p, q, r}},
µ = {Z, {p}, {q, r}, {p, r}, ∅, {p, q, r}, {p, s}, {q, r, s}, {p, r, s}}. f (p) = (b,a),f(q) =
(a,c),f(r) = (b,a),f(s) = (b,a). Hence f is binary supra continuous.
Theorem 5.3. : Let (X,Y,M) is a binary topological spaces, (Z,τ ) is a topological
space and µ be an associated supra topology with τ . Then a function f : Z −→ X
× Y binary supra continuous iff if the inverse image under f of every binary open
set (A,B) in (X,Y,M) is supra open in Z.
32 M. Lellis Thivagar and J. Kavitha

Proof: : If f −1 (U, V ) = ∅ then ∅ is supra open. But if f −1 (U, V ) 6= ∅ then let x

be an arbitrary element of f −1 (U, V ) so that f (x) ∈ (U,V). As f is binary supra
continuous hence corresponding to binary open set (U,V) in X × Y there exists an
supra open set G containing x such that f(G) ⊆ (U,V) or G ⊆ f −1 (U, V ). Hence
x ∈ G ⊆ f −1 (U, V ). It is clear that f −1 (U, V ) is a supra neighbourhood of x.
Therefore f −1 (U, V ) is supra open.
Conversely to prove that f :Z −→ X × Y is binary supra continuous, that is it
is binary supra continuous at every point x of Z. Let (U,V) be any binary open
set containing f (x) so that x ∈ f −1 (U, V ) where f −1 (U, V ) is supra open set.
Put f −1 (U, V ) = A where A is an supra open set containing x. Also f (A) =
f (f −1 (U, V )) ⊆ (U,V). Hence by definition, f is binary supra continuous at x, but
x is arbitrary it follows that f is binary continuous at every point x of Z. Hence f
is binary supra continuous. ✷

Theorem 5.4. : Let (X,Y,M) is a binary topological spaces,(Z,τ ) is a topological

space and µ be an associated supra topology with τ . Let f :Z −→ X × Y be a
function such that Z \ f −1 (A, B) = f −1 (X\A, Y \B) for all A ⊆ X and B ⊆ Y.
Then f is binary supra continuous iff f −1 (A, B) is supra closed in Z for all binary
closed sets (A,B) in (X,Y,M).

Proof: :Assume that f is binary supra continuous. Let (A,B) ∈ X × Y be binary

closed. Therefore,(X \A, Y \B) is binary open set. Since f is binary supra con-
tinuous, we have f −1 (X \A,Y \B) is supra open in Z. Therefore Z \ f −1 (A,B) is
supra open in Z. Hence f −1 (A, B) is supra closed in Z. Conversely, assume that if
f −1 (A, B) is binary supra closed in Z for all binary closed set (A,B) in (X,Y, Bµ ).
Let (A,B) ∈ X×Y be a binary open set. To prove f −1 (A, B) is supra open in Z.
Since (A,B) ∈ Bµ , we have (X \A, Y \B) is binary closed set in X × Y. Therefore,
by our assumption f −1 (X \A,Y \B) is supra closed in Z. Thus, Z \ f −1 (A,B) is
supra closed in Z. Hence f −1 (A, B) is supra closed in Z. Therefore f is binary
continuous. ✷

Theorem 5.5. : Let the function f :Z −→ X × Y is binary supra continuous iff

for every subset (A,B) of X × Y , intµ (f −1 (A, B)) ⊇ f −1 (B − int(A, B)).

Proof: :Let (A,B) be any subset of (X,Y) then B − int(A, B) is binary open and f
being binary supra continuous it follows that f −1 (B−int(A, B)) is a supra open set
in Z. Therefore intµ (f −1 (B −int(A, B))) = f −1 (B −int(A, B)). Again B-int(A,B)
⊆ (A,B) =⇒ f −1 (B − int(A, B)) ⊆ f −1 (A, B) =⇒ intµ (f −1 (B − int(A, B)))
⊆ intµ (f −1 (A, B)). Hence intµ (f −1 (A, B)) ⊇ f −1 (B − int(A, B)). Conversely,
Let (A,B) be any binary open set in (X,Y) so that B-int(A,B) = (A,B). Now
intµ (f −1 (A, B)) ⊇ f −1 (B − int(A, B)) = f −1 (A, B). Since B-int(A,B) = (A,B).
Therefore intµ (f −1 (A, B)) ⊇ f −1 (A, B). But intµ (f −1 (A, B)) ⊆ f −1 (A, B),
since B-int(A,B) = (A,B). Hence intµ (f −1 (A, B)) = f −1 (A, B). Here f −1 (A, B)
is supra open where (A,B) is binary open. Therefore f is binary supra continuous.
✷
 On Binary Structure of Supra Topological Spaces 33

6. Distinct forms of continuity in binary supra space

In binary supra space we have explored various forms of continuity and its
properties were investigated.

Definition 6.1. : A subset (A,B) of (X,Y, Bµ ) is called

(i) a binary supra α-open set if (A,B) ⊆ Bµ int(Bµ cl(Bµ int(A, B))).

(ii) a binary supra semiopen set if (A,B) ⊆ Bµ cl(Bµ int(A, B)).

(iii) a binary supra preopen set if (A,B) ⊆ Bµ int(Bµ cl(A, B)).

(iv) a binary supra regular open set if (A,B) = Bµ int(Bµ cl(A, B))

(v) a binary supra nowhere dense set if (A,B) 6= Bµ int(Bµ cl(A, B))

The family of all binary supra α-open sets (binary supra semiopen sets, binary
supra preopen sets, binary supra regular open sets) is denoted by Bµ α( Bµ SO,
Bµ P O, Bµ RO).

Remark 6.2. Binary supra α-open sets forms a binary supra topology. Every
binary supra open sets is binary supra α-open sets but the converse is not true.

Example 6.3. :Let X = {a,b} and Y = {1,2} with binary supra topology Bµ =
{ (X, Y ), (∅, ∅), ({a}, {2}), ({b}, Y )}. Bµ α = { (X, Y ), (∅, ∅), (X, {2}), ({a}, Y ),
({a}, {2}), ({b}, Y )}. Here Bµ α-open sets need not be binary supra open set.

Example 6.4. :Let X = {a,b} and Y = {1,2} with binary supra topology Bµ
= { (X, Y ), (∅, ∅), (X, ∅), (X, {1}), (X, {2}), ({a}, ∅), ({b}, ∅)}. Bµ RO = { (X, Y ),
(∅, ∅)}. Hence Bµ RO is binary supra open but the converse not true.

Definition 6.5. : Let (X,Y,M) be a binary topological space,let (Z,τ ) be a topo-

logical space and µ be an supra topology associated with τ . Let f :Z −→ X × Y be
a function then:

(i) f is called binary supra α-continuous if f −1 (A, B) is supra α-open in Z for

every binary open set (A,B) in X × Y.

(ii) f is called binary supra semicontinuous if f −1 (A, B) is supra semiopen in Z

for every binary open set (A,B) in X × Y.

(iii) f is called binary supra precontinuous if f −1 (A, B) is supra preopen in Z for

every binary open set (A,B) in X × Y.

Definition 6.6. : Let (X,Y,M) is a binary topological spaces, (Z,τ ) is a topological

space and µ be an associated supra topology with τ . A function f :Z −→ X × Y is
said to be
(i) Binary supra η-continuous function if for every binary regular open sets (A,B),
(C,D) of X × Y,
34 M. Lellis Thivagar and J. Kavitha

(a) f −1 (C, D) ⊆ intµ (clµ (f −1 (C, D))) and

(b) intµ (clµ (f −1 ((A, B) ∩ (C, D)))) =
intµ (clµ (f −1 (A, B))) ∩ intµ (clµ (f −1 (C, D))).
(ii) Binary supra θ continuous if for each x ∈ Z and each (U,V) ∈ Bµ containing
f (x), there exists A ∈ µ containing x where clµ (A) ⊆ f −1 (Bµ cl(U, V )).
(iii)Binary supra weakly continuous if if for each x ∈ Z and each (U,V) ∈ Bµ
containing f (x), there exists A ∈ µ containing x where A ⊆ f −1 (Bµ cl(U, V )).
Theorem 6.7. : Every binary continuous function is binary supra α-continuous
function.

Proof: : Let f:Z −→ X × Y be a binary continuous function and (A,B) is binary

open in (X,Y). Then f −1 (A, B) is open in Z. Since µ is associated with τ then τ
⊂ µ. Therefore f −1 (A, B) is supra open in Z and it is supra α open in Z. Hence
f is binary supra α-continuous function. ✷

Remark 6.8. : The converse of the above theorem is not true as shown in following
example
Example 6.9. :Let X = {a,b}, Y = {1,2} and Z = {p,q,r} with binary topology
M = { (X, Y ), (∅, ∅), ({a}, {2}), ({b}, {1})}, τ = { Z, ∅, {p}, {p, q}}. µ = { Z, ∅, {p},
{q}, {p, q}} where µ is assosiated with τ . Supra α-open sets = { Z, ∅, {p}, {q}, {p, q},
{q, r}, {p, r}}. Define f :Z −→ X × Y, where f (p)=(b,1), f(q)=(b,1), f(r)=(a,1),
So f is binary supra α-continuous but not binary supra continuous.
Theorem 6.10. : Let f : Z −→ X × Y be a mapping, and if Z \ f −1 (A,B)=
f −1 (X \ A, Y \ B) for all A ⊆ X and B ⊆ Y then the following statements are
equivalent.
(i) f is binary supra α-continuous.
(ii) The inverse image of each binary closed set in X × Y is supra α-closed.
(iii) αµ cl(f −1 (A, B)) ⊆ f −1 (B − cl(A, B)) for every binary set (A,B) of X × Y.
(iv) f −1 (B − int(C, D)) ⊆ αµ int(f −1 ((C, D))) for every binary set (C,D) in X
× Y.

Proof: : (i)=⇒(ii):trivial.
(ii)=⇒(iii): Since (A,B) is binary closed in X × Y, then it follows that
f −1 (B −cl(A, B)) is supra α-closed in Z. Therefore, f −1 (B − cl(A, B)) =
αµ cl(f −1 (B − cl(A, B))) ⊇ αµ cl(f −1 (A, B)).
(ii)=⇒(iv): Since (A,B) is binary closed in X × Y, then it follows that X \A and
Y \B is binary open where (X,Y) \(A,B) = (C,D) it follows that f −1 int(C, D) is
supra open in Z. Therefore, f −1 (B − int(C, D)) = αµ int(f −1 (B − int(C, D))) ⊆
αµ int(f −1 (C, D))
(iv)=⇒(i): it is obvious. ✷
 On Binary Structure of Supra Topological Spaces 35

Proposition 6.11. : Let f :Z −→ X × Y be a mapping and if

Z \ f −1 (A,B)= f −1 (X \A,Y \B) where A ⊆ X and B ⊆ Y then the following are
equivalent.
(i) f is binary αµ -continuous.
(ii) The inverse image of each binary closed set in X × Y is αµ closed.
(iv) clµ (intµ (clµ (f −1 (U, V )))) ⊆ f −1 (cl(U, V )) for each (U,V) ⊆ (X,Y).

Proof: : The proof is obvious. ✷

Theorem 6.12. : A function f :Z −→ X × Y is binary supra α- continuous

function iff binary supra semicontinuous and binary supra precontinuous function.

Proof: : Let f is binary supra α-continuous then inverse image of each binary
open set in X × Y is supra α-open in Z. Since by using lemma 2.1 every binary
supra α-continuous function is binary supra semicontinuous and binary supra pre-
continuous. Converse is obvious. ✷

Remark 6.13. :The concept of binary supra precontinuous and binary supra semi-
continuous are independent of each other.
Example 6.14. : Let X = {a,b}, Y = {1,2} and Z = {p,q,r,s} with binary topology
M = {(X,Y), (∅, ∅), ({a},{2}), ({a},Y), ({b},{1})},τ = {Z, ∅, {p}, {q,r,s}}, µ
= {Z, ∅, {p}, {q,r}, {r,s}, {q,r,s}, {p,q,r}, {p,s}, {p,r,s}, {s}}, SOµ = {Z, ∅,
{p}, {s}, {p,s}, {q,r}, {r,s}, {p,q,r}, {q,r,s}, {p,r,s}}, P Oµ = {Z, ∅, {p}, {r},
{p,r}, {q,r}, {q,s}, {s}, {r,s}, {p,q,r}, {p,q,s}, {q,r,s}, {p,r,s}, {p,s}},Define f :
Z −→ X × Y, where f (p) = (a,2), f(q) = (a,1), f(r) = (a,2), f(s)=(b,2). Here
f −1 ({a}, {2}) = {p,r} which is supra preopen but not supra semiopen. Therefore
f is binary supra precontinuous but not binary supra semicontinuous.
Theorem 6.15. : Every binary supra α-continuous mapping f :Z −→ X × Y is
binary supra θ-continuous.

Proof: : Let x ∈ Z and (A,B) ⊆ (X,Y) be an binary open set containing f (x),
By proposition clµ (intµ (clµ (f −1 (A, B)))) ⊆ f −1 (B − cl(A, B)). Since f is binary
supra α continuous,then f −1 (A, B) ⊆ intµ (clµ (intµ (f −1 (A, B))))
⊆ clµ(intµ (clµ (intµ (f −1 (A, B)))))⊆ clµ (intµ (clµ (f −1 (A, B))))⊆ f −1 (B−cl(A, B).
Put intµ (clµ (intµ (f −1 (A, B)))) = U, so U is a supra neighbourhood of x such that
clµ (U ) ⊆ f −1 (B − cl(A, B)). Hence clµ (U ) ⊆ f −1 (B − cl(A, B)). Therefore, f
is binary supra θ-continuous. ✷

Example 6.16. : Let X = {a,b}, Y = {1,2} and Z = {p,q,r} with binary topology
M = { (X, Y ), (∅, ∅), ({a}, {2}), ({b}, {1})}. τ = { Z, ∅, {q, r}},µ = {Z, ∅, {p, q},
{q, r}}.µ = αµ , Define f :Z −→ X × Y, where f (p)=(a,1), f(q)=(a,2), f(r)=(a,2),
Here f is binary supra weakly continuous but not binary supra θ-continuous.
36 M. Lellis Thivagar and J. Kavitha

Theorem 6.17. : If a function f :Z −→ X × Y is binary supra α-continuous, then

f is binary supra η-continuous.

Proof: : Since f is binary supra α-continuous, by the lemma 2.1 f −1 (U, V ) ⊆

αµ ∈ P O(Z, µ) for any (U,V) ∈ (X,Y,M) and hence f −1 (U, V ) ⊆ intµ (clµ (f −1
(U, V ))). Further, f −1 (A, B), f −1 (U, V ) ∈ αµ ⊆ SO(Z, µ) for any (U,V), (A,B)
∈ (X,Y,M) and hence by lemma 2.2 we have intµ (clµ f −1 (((U, V ) ∩ (A, B)))) =
intµ (clµ (f −1 (U, V ))) ∩ intµ (clµ (f −1 (A, B))). It follows that f is binary supra η-
continuous. ✷

Example 6.18. : Let X = {a,b,c} and Z = {p,q,r} with binary topology M

= { (X, X), (∅, ∅), ({a}, {b})}, MRO = { (X, X), (∅, ∅)} ,τ = {Z, ∅, {p}}. µ =
{ Z, ∅, {p}, {p, r}, {q, r}}. µα = { Z, ∅, {p}, {p, r}, {q, r}, Define f :Z −→ X×X
where f (p) = (b,c),f(q) = (a,b),f(r) = (b,c). Therefore f is binary supra η-
continuous but not binary supra α- continuous.

Remark 6.19. :For a function f :Z −→ X × Y, the following implication are

known.

3 2

4 5

1.Binary supra continuous, 2.Binary supra α-continuous, 3.Binary supra η-

continuous,4.Binary supra θ-continuous, 5.Binary supra weakly continuous.

7. Conclusion
We introduce the basic concepts of binary supra topological spaces. We then
studied some fundamental properties of binary supra topological space. Moreover
we introduce the concepts of binary supra α-continuous maps by using binary supra
α-open sets and investigated their behaviour. The interrelations among theta-
continuous, η-continuous, weakly continuous in binary supra topological space were
also studied. Further our concepts of binary supra topological space can be ex-
tended to stronger forms.
 On Binary Structure of Supra Topological Spaces 37

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M.Lellis Thivagar
School of Mathematics,
Madurai Kamaraj University,Madurai
India
E-mail address: [email protected]

and

J.Kavitha
School of Mathematics,
Madurai Kamaraj University,Madurai
India
E-mail address: [email protected]

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