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Lab Report 6

This lab report describes an experiment on impedance and power in AC circuits. The objective was to understand impedance resulting from resistance, inductance, and capacitance, and different types of power measurement. Results showed that impedance is determined by the connected element and resistive parts absorb real power while reactive parts absorb imaginary power. A phasor diagram depicts voltage-current angles. The power factor represents the ratio of active to apparent power. Adding a capacitor in parallel with an inductive load improves the power factor. Overall, the experiment provided insights into properties of AC circuits with applications in electrical systems.

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32 views

Lab Report 6

This lab report describes an experiment on impedance and power in AC circuits. The objective was to understand impedance resulting from resistance, inductance, and capacitance, and different types of power measurement. Results showed that impedance is determined by the connected element and resistive parts absorb real power while reactive parts absorb imaginary power. A phasor diagram depicts voltage-current angles. The power factor represents the ratio of active to apparent power. Adding a capacitor in parallel with an inductive load improves the power factor. Overall, the experiment provided insights into properties of AC circuits with applications in electrical systems.

Uploaded by

Cattosphere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Engineering – Ain shams university

EPM 111s : Electrical Circuits 1

Lab report (6)

Name Abdallah Hossam Ragab


Sec 1
ID 2100844
Experiment 6: Impedance and Power in AC circuits

Objective:
In AC circuits, it is important to understand the various types of
impedance and how current and voltage relate across them. Additionally,
there are multiple types of power in AC circuits, each requiring different
methods of measurement.
Theoretical background:
AC circuits exhibit impedance, which arises from the combination of different
passive elements such as resistance, inductance, and capacitance. The type
of impedance is determined by the type of element connected, and can be
expressed as Z = R ± jX Ω, where a positive sign corresponds to inductive
impedance while a negative sign represents capacitive impedance. For a coil,
X = ωL Ω, whereas for a capacitor, X = 1/ωC Ω. When dealing with inductive
impedance, the current lags behind the voltage by an angle of θ = tan-1
(ωL/R), whereas in capacitive impedance, the current leads the voltage by an
angle of θ = tan-1 (1/ ωC R). The resistive part of the impedance absorbs real
power in watts, while the reactance absorbs imaginary power in VAR. The
combination of these powers presents the apparent or complex power
absorbed in the impedance in VA. A phasor diagram depicts the relationship
between the voltage and current angles.
In terms of power, we use S = V I VA, P = V I cos ϕ = I2R Watt, and Q = V I
sin ϕ = I2X VAR. Here, ϕ is the power angle, and cos ϕ is referred to as the
power factor. Power factor is given by the ratio of active power (W) to
apparent power (VA), i.e., cos ϕ = Active Power / Apparent Power. A unity
power factor is desirable, while a zero power factor is undesirable. In most
cases, loads are inductive and exhibit lagging power factor. To improve the
power factor, a shunt capacitor may be used in parallel with the load,
reducing the apparent power drawn from the supply, hence lowering the
current drawn.
-Displayed below are figures depicting the impedance triangle, which shows
the relationship between impedance and its component, the power triangle,
and the phasor diagram.

-Displayed below are figures depicting the power triangle prior to and post
correction, as well as the experimental circuit utilized to enhance the power
factor.

Apparatus used:
- AC power supply,
- Wattmeter,
- AC ammeter and voltmeter,
- Resistance, capacitor, and inductor.

Experimental results:

P V |line |load Pf
With C 35 100 0.4 0.87
Without C 35 100 0.5 0.5 0.7
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this experiment aimed to understand the different types of
impedance in AC circuits, the relationship between current and voltage
across different impedance types, and various power measurements. The
results showed that the type of impedance is determined by the
connected passive element, and the resistive part absorbs real power
while the reactive part absorbs imaginary power. The phasor diagram
presented the angle relationship between voltage and current, and the
power factor represented the ratio between active and apparent power.
The experiment also demonstrated how to improve the power factor
using a shunt capacitor in parallel with the loads. Overall, this experiment
provided valuable insights into AC circuits and their properties, which
have practical applications in various electrical systems.
Practice solution:

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