__ [Avs "APPENDIX - 1 Appgiite OGA AND MEDITATION NCE AND STRESS MANAGEMENT TION TO YOGA ‘ipline based on an extremely subtle | harmony between mind and body. | living. 4 al conscious! with the universal (te t : stence is said to be "in Yoga” and . mind to attain self-realisation. : Pha The aim of Yoga practice (sadhana) it lead to a sense of freedom in appiness and harmony. BRIEF HISTORY AND DEVELO! ¥ The science of Yoga has its origin thousands of years ago, long before the " first religion or belief systems were’ bo seers and sages carried this ‘powerful Yogic science to different ps the world including Asia, the Middle East, northern Africa and Sc rica. Interestingly, modern | ~ _ scholars have noted and marvelled atee — Sa Professional Eth ngineering ancient cultures across the globe However, it was in India that the Yogic System found its fullest expression. Agagtya, the saptarishi, who travelled @cross the Indian subcontinent, crafted this culture around a core Yogic way Of life. = Yoga is widely considered as an "iMMOral cultural outcome” of the Indus Saraswati Valley Civilisation - dating back to 2700 BC - and has proven itself to cater to both material and spiritual uplift of humanity. A number of seals and fossil remains of Indus Saraswati Valley Civilisation with Yogic motifs and figures performing Yoga sadhana suggest the presence of Yoga in ancient India. The seals and idols of mother Goddess are suggestive of Tantra Yoga. The presence of Yoga is also available in folk traditions, | Vedic and Upanishadic heritage, Buddhist and Jain traditions, Darshanas, epics of Mahabharata including Bhagawadgita and Ramayana, theistic traditions of Shaivas, Vaishnavas and Tantric traditions. Though Yoga was being practiced in the pre-Vedic period, the great sage Maharishi Patanjali systematised and codified the then existing Yogic practices, its meaning and its related knowledge through Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. After Patanjali, mdny sages and Yoga masters contributed greatly for the preservation and development of the field through well documented Practices and literature. Yoga has spread all over the world by the teachings of eminent Yoga masters from ancient times to the present date. Today, everybody has conviction about Yoga practices towards prevention of diseases, and promotion of health. Millions of people across the globe have benefitted by the practice of Yoga and the practice of Yoga is| . blossoming and growing more vibrant with each passing day. A1.3. THE FUNDAMENTALS OF YOGA | ¥ Yoga works on the level of one's body, mind, emotion and energy. This has given rise to four broad classifications of Yoga: Karma Yoga where we utilise the body; Jnana Yoga where we utilise the mind; Bhakti Yoga where we utilise the emotion and Kriya Yoga where we utilise the energy. Each system of Yoga we practice falls within the gamut of one or more of these categories.{pendix — -_ [Ar.3) — . —- Every individual is a unique Combination of these four factors. Only a guru | (teacher) can advocate the appropriate combination of the four| fundamental paths as it WS necessary for each seeker, All ancient | commentaries on Yoga Have Stressed that it is essential to work under the direction of a guru. | 41.3.1. What's Involved With Yoga? | y The practice of yoga involves stretching the body and forming different | poses, while keeping breathing slow and controlled. The body becomes relaxed and energized at the same time There are various-styles of , some moving through the poses more quickly, almost like an aerobic workout, and other styles relaxing deeply nto each pose. wee The widely practiced Yoga sadhanas are: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, Samadhi, Bandhas and | | Mudras; Shatkarmas, Yukte Mantra-japa, Yukta-karma ete, esi A1.4. BENEFITS OF YOGA F é ” Medical research ini recent years has uncovered many physical and mental benefits that Yoga offers. Some of the benefits include: (i) Yoga is beneficial for physical fitness, musculoskeletal functioning and cardio-vascular health. ~~ 4 fe (ii) It is beneficial in the management of diabetes, respiratory disorders, hypertension, hypotension and. many lifestyle related disorders. " (ili) Yoga helps to reduce depression, fatigue, anxiety disorders and stress. (iv) Yoga regulates menopausal symptoms. y In essence, Yoga is a process of creating body and mind that are stepping-| Stones, not hurdles, to an exuberant and fulfilling life. 41.4.1. Physical Benefits of Yoga Some of the physical benefits of yoga inelude: = Reduced stress * Sound sleep )+ Reduced cortisol levels Improvement of many medical cond Allergy and asthma symptom relief Lower blood pressure ‘ Smoking cessation help- _ SEessional Ethics in En AP.6 becomes silent. When the mind is sil@RETnd no longer distracts you, meditation deepens. v Some of the most common elements of Meditation include . Focused attention. Focusing your attention is generally one of the most important elements of meditation. FO@Using your attention is what helps free your mind from the many distractions that cause stress and worry. You can focus your attention on Sieh things as a specific object, an image, a mantra, or even your breathing, Relaxed breathing. This technique involves deep. even-paced breathing using the diaphragm muscle to expand your lungs. The purpose is to slow your breathing, take in more oxygen, and reduce the use of shoulder, neck and upper chest muscles while breathing so that you breathe more efficiently. | |. A quiet setting. If you're a beginner, practicing meditation may be | easier if you're in a quiet spot with few distractions, including n° television, radios or cellphones. « A-comfortable position. You can practice meditation whether youre sitting, lying down, walking, or in other positions or activities. Just try to be comfortable so that you can get the most out of your meditation. A2.3. TYPES OF MEDITATION | Y Meditation is an umbrella term for the many ways to a relaxed state of being. There are many types of meditation and relaxation techniques that have meditation components. All share the same goal of achieving inner peace. : ¥ Ways to meditate can include: = Guided meditation. Sometimes called guided imagery. visualization, with this method of meditation you form mental images : of places or situations you find relaxing. You try to use as many senees as possible, such as smells, sights, sounds and textures. You may be led through this process by a guide or teacher. b = Transcendental meditation. Transcendental meditation is a simple. natural technique. In transcendental meditation, you silently repeat personally assigned mantra, ‘such as a word, sound or phrase, in 2 specific way. This form of ion allows your body to settle into 2relaxation and your! ding to use concent type of medita id awareness jndfuiness Me \ on wh dif foc' at w of your breath, let them pass without ler than sit wit sensations, felt like the ide m of instructis j gong and Te and let you ret ible to fe us to mcs your jical respons se physical dat dy in exa[AP.8] A greater gain that meditation come with regular practice. Rese meditation regularly begin to experience ch that allow them to recover from stres | experience less stress from the challenges | Some of this is thought to be the result of lcan come from meditation; research | positive moods more often are more resili¢ Y Meditation can give a sense of cal both emotional well-being and overall Y Meditation and Emotional Well-b meditation can include: \ * Gaining a new perspective on str: ayn abbrovial ponsibility (OFactions of the nization and e' that (He @ al e means ‘ coer. nec of te . 8 : organization can be @ ganization, Organization's : ) uSINg the ineuding ox feporting. isms, lernal imy fori pacts, Mation Provided by the Y India is a fast growing © multinational firms. At the s3! challenges like poverty, popu name a few. Therefore it i companies to be sensitized to facilitate and create an enabli between the civil society and busin Although some companies may lieve remark: CSR initiatives, it is difficult to be on. eeaiareronts ne Se with unique Considering this, the example below provides goog aspects of CSR. aspect of CSR — environmental sustainability. Practices on ong Example: oh = Unilever is a multinational corporation, in the food an with a comprehensive CSR strategy. The Stony oe ‘Food Industry leader’ in the Dow Jones Sustainability World _ the 11. consecutive years and ranked 7th in the ‘Global 100 1 ‘Sustainable Corporations in the World’. One of the major and unique initiatives j es is the ‘sustai programme. On a partnership-based 3 me inab! {an NGO), Unilever aims to source Gn coe the Rainfores from Rainforest Alliance Certified™ famg ipton and PG Ti Alliance Certification offers : by 2015. TI farms @ Way to gj : being socially, economically and itn a? th lly sustainabl A.3.2.1. National Voluntary Guidelines on Responsibilities of Business ~ ‘al, Environmental ‘i IY Voluntary CSR guidelines create a can improve their CSR efforts, especialy, dard for ce _ Wh reANNA UNIVERSITY B.E/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBERIDECEny, eventh Semester = Electronics and Communication Eng; (Regulation 2013) ngineering [ee ors — PROFESSIONAL ETHICS ENGINEERING What are human values in engi Human values are basic moral val citizen or a person. Typical human peace, non-violence, etc. Zz List out any two aspects of h (i thfulness - Meeting respon: ustworthiness - Meeting 1. ne Ought to possess to live as ues are love, truth, right 3 ; Define moral dilemma. Moral dilemmas are situati: duties, rights, goods, or ide: 4. State Kohlberg’s theory. Y According to Kohlberg reasoning through a foundation ‘that moralit structural stages. Y The three levels of moral d: 1. Pre-conventional level: * 2. Conventional level; and 3. Post-conventional level,TR ear ern EES 5. What is the need to vie” engineerig Projects as experiments? Engineering projects are wer as eee because engineering projects requires experiments @ a and every, stage; and also there may be many uncertainties @' °8ch stage as in conventional experiments. Jes of codes (1 ies Of profession 6. Enumerate the ro! idee codes ethi Some of the roles of the ‘ 'CS propagated by professional societies are: 4. Inspiration; 2. Guidance; conduct; 3. Support for responsible : 4, Deterring and disciplining unethical professional conduct: 5. Education and promotion of mutual understanding; etc. 7. Define ‘Risk’ in professional ethics perspective. William W. Lowrence has defined risk as “a compound measure of th probability and magnitude of adverse effect”. sf Mathematically, Risk = (Probability of the harm) x (Magnitude or consequence of the harm) 8. What is collective bargaining? International Labor Organization (ILO) has defined collective bargaining as ‘negotiation about working conditions and terms of employment pe employer and one Or more representative employee's with a view to reaching agreement’. y What is meant by computer ethics? Computer ethics is he suey of ethical ie om primarily with computing machines an, the - ues that are assoc . mputing profession. | ___—_ i. spiritual 9 se of well th and flexibility . increased streng glowed aging process jitation for Stress Management: Y Meditation originally was meant a Ha deepen Pe es ” sacred and mystical forces 0} ie inesenersee ae tce commonly used for relaxation and stress reduction. nsidered a type Of mind-body complementary V Meditation ig co fe a deep state of relaxation and a medicine. Meditation produces tranquil mind. ¥ During meditation, you focus your attention and eliminate the stream of jumbled thoughts that may be crowding your mind and causing stress. This process may result in enhanced physical and emotional well-being. ¥ Meditation can give you a sense of calm, peace and balance that benefits both your emotional well-being and your overall health. Y The emotional benefits of meditation can include: + Gaining a new perspective N Stressful situations + Building skills to manage yOur stress + Increasing self-awareness + Focusing on the present + Reducing negative emotions 5412. (a) Discuss in detay - | @ Moral ditemmas the concept of Ans, Refer Chapter 4 Section No. 1.11 (i) Moral Autonomy oC Ans. Refer Chapter 1, Section 4.11, Page No. 1.13. (b) Discuss in details the val Be un eories about right action. Ans. Refer Chapter 2, Section 2.8, Page No. 2.8. wie 13. (a) Explain in deta) apout engineers 5 responsib! experimenters. Ans. Refer Chapter 3, Section 3,4, Page N° 3.5. about (b) Explain in detail about on outlook on law. Ans. Refer Chapter 3, Section 3.8, Page No. 3.12. 14. (a) Define the term Risk and Safety. How We, Engineers assess the safety? 2 ; eet : 5 “Ans. Halen Chantepancacions 4.22, 44:2 & 4.9. Page Nos. 4.2, 4% & 4.10. [OR] (b) Discuss Event Tree analysis with some practical example of| risk analysis.” F Ans. Refer Q.No.13(a), solved Anna University Question Papers, Nov/Dec 2012, Page No. 28. 15. (a) Explain in detail the various advantages and disadvantages of MNCs. Ans. Refer Chapter 7, Section 7.2, Page No. 7.1. [OR] (b) Discuss the scope and functions of corporate r ¥ Corporate responsibility, also known as _ Responsibility (CSR), is d‘or exceeds the ethical, 1g g of business ¥ Corporate Social Responsibility is Behaviour and Governangt addressed and implemented v CSR is one such effective % India is a fast growing econ multinational firms. At the sé social challenges like poverty: Indian compani panies order cilitate aEXAMINATION, | ; Seventh/Eighth Se il ENGINEERING ONAL ETHICS INE teachin y service nce, teat y € gineerini spects of engvol moral solve all '"" yal dilemn imeworks 10! underaonditions and@) Deseribe Kohiberg 277 Gilligan's th@ories on moral autonomy. Ans. Refer Chapter 1, Set!" 1.12, Page No, 1.15. [OR] (©) @ Name and describe the 20" ies Of right action. (8) Ane Reter Chapter 2, Sections 2.82.10, Page No. 2.8. (ii) Discuss the role of * ‘self-interest’ with an example. (8) | Ans. Refer Chapter 2, S°cioM/21@ Rage No, 2.16. | #3. (2) What is the importance of codes Of ethics? Explain in detail. ; Ans. Refer Chapter 3, Section 3.6, Page No. 3.8. i [OR] | (b) How can an engineer become @ ld experimenter? Explain in detail. Ans. Refer Chapter 3, Section 3.4, Page No. 3.5. 14. (a) Describe the concept of Ri: «-Benefibenalysis with an example. Ans. Refer Chapter 4, Section 4. 14; Page No..4.13. TOR] (b) Discuss in detail about the ponplaye Rights” and its role in the organisations. Ans. Refer Chapter 6, Section 6. 7, Page No. 67. 15. (a) Discuss in detail about the Mora! and ethical issues involved! in use of computers. as Ans. Refer Chapter 7, Section 7.14, Page No. 7.12. JOR) (b) Explain the role of oars as consultant and expert witnesses. Ans. Refer Chapter 8, Sections & 3-8.4, Page No. 8.7. ao we ee 560