MATS523: TUTORIAL CHAPTER 1: MATRICES & SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIO! 1 [Junel9 | Given the following system of linear equations x+ yt fe =0 2x4 By42pe = 4 -Kt ay =2 Determine the value(s) of a and fi such that the linear system has: 2) unique solution| (4 marks) bt) nosolution (2 marks) ©) one-parameter infinte soluticns. (2 marks) = [Jexe19 | Given a system of linear equations 2x + -2x - 2x + a) Show that the system Is inconsistent. (2 marks) b) Find a least squares solution to the system (7 marks) ©) Calculate the magnitude of the error vector] (3 marks) 3. [Deel | Consider the following system of linear equations: xe yo o-2 23 y +omzs1 me + (2m-2)y =2 Show that the reduced augmented matnx for the above system is, 11 -2 3 o4 m 1+ |. ;: 0 0 -m?44m 4-4m (3 marks) EB Hence, determine the vi at tho system a) _ has no solution. b) has a unique solution ¢) has infinitely many solution. (6 marks)Decis a) The system (ATA = (a7b) is an associated normal system to the system Ax =b Uist two ways that can be usd to soe the associated normal system. (2 marks) b) Consider the following system of linear equations: ax + 12y - 2 aye - xo) ay = 3 i) Find the least squares solution to the system ji) Calculate the error vector and its magnitude. | (B marks) Tuned +2 -3 Oo a) ConsideramatrixA=|2 -1 4 of. 0 1 a7-3 2-2 ICA is an augmented matrix of a nonhomogeneous system of linear equations, find the value(s) of a and b such that the system x 1) has.a unique solution! li) Is inconsistent, (5 marks) b) IA is a coefficient matix of a homogeneous system of linear equations, find value(s) of a and b so that the system has » a one - parameter solutions. li) atwo- parameter solutions. (3 marks) Tunels Consider the following data collected from an experiment. PR 6 1 5/2 ‘Suppose the points fit a polynomial y =a + bx. 8) Form a 4x2 system of linear equations based on the points and the polynomi Represent the system in an augmented matrix. b) Solve the system in ' What * ™ ‘= “ of the system? (3 marks) ©) Suggest a technique that can be used to approxi ion to the system in (a). (1 mark) 8) Based on (c), write down @ matrix equation that represents the technique. Name the system. (2 marks)Tans Given the following system of linear equations: x+my1z=0 mx-y+z=0 x+y+mz=0 Determine the value of m such that the linear system has a) a trivial solution. (5 marks) b) a one-parameter family of solutions. (2 marks) c) _a two-parameter family of solutions. (2 marks) Jani8 | a) State the two conditions so that an inconsistent system Ax = b will have a unique least squares solution, (2 marks) b) Given a system of linear equations 3x + y= 2 ryt ( ax 4 y= 0 ye i) Show that the system is inconsistent (2 marks) i) Determine the,teas| squares solution to the system. (6 marks) Jull7 b) It A is a coefficient matrix of a homogeneous system of linear equations, find tha value(s) of a and B in which the system has : = i) one parameter solution. (4 marks) ii) two parameter solutions | (1 mark) If A is an augmented matrix of a system of linear equations, find the value(s) of «and B in which the system i) has a unique solution. (2 marks) ii) is inconsistent. (mark)10. Jull7 | In an experiment, the values of x and the corresponding values of y collected are (2,2),(~1,0),(3,2), and (2,-2) a)__,_ form a.system of linear equations based on the equation y =a + bx. (2 marks) b) how thal the system is inconsistent (2 marks) ©) Find the least square straight line fil to the four points, (7 marks) a) Calculate the magnitude of the error vector. (3 marks) 11. | Decl6 | Given the following system of linear equations x+ 342-6 2x - 2 =2 x +44 sz =t Determine the value of s and ¢ such that the above system will have 8) _ infinitely many solutions, (5 marks) b) a unique solution. (1 mark) °) no solution. (1. mark) 12.|Decl6 | 3) The system (A7A)x =(A"b) is a normal system associated with a system Ax = b. State two (2) types of least square solutions to the normal system. (2 marks) b) Consider the following system of linear equations xe y=2 x + 3y = 5 x = 6 1) Find the least square soluti the magnitude of the error vector. (9 marks) i) Based on the solution to (b) i) determine the best fit straight line for the points (1,2), (3,5) and (0,6). (2 marks)Tunel6 1-123 O 2k 1 2 Let A= elo 0 4 2 [0 0 4 p? a) Reduce A to an upper triangular matrix. (2 marks) b) IFA is an augmented matrix of a non-homogenecus system of linear equations, find values of k and p for the system to be i) inconsistent. i) consistent and have infinitely many solutions. (3 marks) ©) Let A be the coefficient matrix for the homogeneous system Ax = 0.Find the values of kand p if the solution is nontrivial, (4: mark) 14, | June 16 a) State two (2) conditions fer an inconsistent system to have a unique least square solution, (2 marks) b) Consider the following matrices that represent a system of linear equations Ax = b. 36 2 2-4] and b=|0| where aA=| “4 28) ong avn -( 2], 28 56 16 1 2 2 ) Calculate det(A’ A). Hence, determine the type of least square solution to the system. il) Find a least square solution to the system. iii) __ Calculate the error vector and its magnitude. (9 marks)15.) DeelS | Given the following system of linear equations: x ty + 2-2 2x -z-2 x -3y 4+ a= b ) Write down the augmented matrix for the given system. (1 mark) b) Determine the value(s) of the constants a and b such that the system: i) has no solution ji) has a unique solution lil) has infinitely many solution: (6 marks) ©) Determine the value(s) of the constant @ such that the coefficient matrix for the above system is nonsingular (2 marks) 16. | DeelS | Given five points: (1,1), (2.2), (2,1), (-2,2) and (1,- 2). a) Form a system of linear equations based on the equation y = a+bx using the given points, (3 marks) b) Show that the system in (a) is inconsistent (2 marks) ° ind the least sqiares straight line fi five points. [_ (6 marks) d) Calculate the magnitude of the error vector. (3 marks) 17, | Janel | Given the following system of linear equations: my 4 x = % = 1 2x, + Bez + akg =D + og = x3 = Find the value(s) of « so that the system has a) —_nosolution, (6 marks) b) infinitely many solutions, (1 mak ©) aunique solution. (man)TS. | Sunels , 5 i a) When will an inconsistent system have a unique least squares solution? (1 mark) b) Given an inconsistent system in the form Ax = b: i) Find the least squares solution of the linear system. marks) ii) Find a conditional-inverse of the matrix A. Then, explain why the conditional inverse of a matrix A may not be unique. (8 marks)