LENGGWAHE: A MOBILE APPLICATION FOR PRIMARY LEARNERS

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of

Iloilo Science and Technology University

Miagao Campus

Miagao, Iloilo

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

By

Angel Mae S. Abelo

Jemerle Mae T. Dello

Jenena A. Padrigo

Rey Louie A. Sedigo

Rhasnin Mae S. Selirio

Cheryline A. Silva

Ace Valerie G. Togiaman

Eva Mae E. Torreverde

July 2023
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Table of Contents Page

Title Page i

Table of Contents ii

Chapter Page

I INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Objectives of the Study 3

Conceptual Framework 4

Definition of Terms 5

Significance of the Study 7

Scope and Limitation of the Study 8

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Mobile Application 9

Mother Tongue 10

Interactive Games 10

Language Translator 11
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Primary Learners 11

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES 12

LOCAL STUDIES 12

An Android language translator Application 12

A Mobile- Assisted Learning Application of Mother Tongue for Grade 3 12

I’m the Map Mobile Game Application 12

Quiz Time: A Grade level Readiness Test Application 13

Hiligaynon-English Dictionary Mobile Application 14

FOREIGN STUDIES

GRF: Development of a Greek language teaching platform via a learning 14

Management system for primary school pupils

With Russian as a mother tongue 14

Doulingo: A Mobile Application to assist second language learning 15

Using android Application for teaching and

Learning English as Second language 15

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Mobile learning Application to support mandarin language learning

For high school student 16

Language translator Application using Image in android 16

Synthesis 17

CHAPTER Page

III METHODOLOGY 19

Project Description 19

Project Development 19

Design Specification 22

Use Case Diagram 22

Activity Diagram 23

System Evaluation 24

Requirement Analysis 25

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND

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RECOMMENDATIONS 29

Summary of Findings 29

Conclusions 30

Recommendations 31

REFERENCES 32

APPENDICES
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List of Tables

Table

1 Hardware Specifications 25

2 Software Specification 25

3 Likert Scale Rating 26

4 Evaluation Result of IT Experts 26

5 Evaluation Result of End Users 27

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List of Figures

Figure

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 3

2 System Development Methodology 20

3 Use Case Diagram 22

4 Activity Diagram 23
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List of Appendices

Appendix

A ISO/IEC 2510 Quality Model 36

B Letter for End User 37

C Questionnaire for Information Technology 38

D Questionnaire for End User 43

E End User Evaluation Result 47

F IT Experts Evaluation Result 48

G Comparison Table 49
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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The mother tongue can often be referred to as our first language or native language. It is

the language that you most commonly speak. However, mother tongue is always referring to the

language that the child has used from birth and in important and impacting times in the child’s

life (Importance of Mother Tongue in Education| Independent Education Today, 2019). In the

year 2012, the Department of Education implemented the Mother Tongue based Multilingual

Education in primary years of their elementary education in all public school in the country.

And there are 12 major language or lingua franca that will be included to the curriculum these

includes, Tagalog, Pangasinan, Kapampangan, Ilokano, Bikolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray,

Tausog, Maguindanao, Maranao, and Chabacano.

The Philippines is the only country in Southeast Asia to have a Mother Tongue based

Multilingual Education. The problem is that there are pupils that their primary language of

communication is English. They personally don’t know how to pronounce and understand their

language in their region. And this implementation of the said curriculum in primary learners

makes the student confused and frustrated because they cannot understand those unique words in

the mother tongue language that is present in their specific region.

This curriculum makes the Mother Tongue language as the primary language in creating

modules which is usually written in English, such example are the subject English, Mathematics

and Science in elementary grade especially from Grade 1 to Grade 3, there are difficulties

encountered by the pupils, teachers and parents. The teachers had a difficulty to deliver the

lesson to the pupils because they had no idea of some basic Mother Tongue words of what it is
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mean. The pupils had also encounter difficulties in answering their module when modular

learning had been implemented due to the Global pandemic. The parents also cannot teach their

child because they also no idea or knowledge in some certain words. It is complicated to

understand especially when it is now being used in every subject. This will lead to

misinterpretation to what it truly means and it will cause the pupils in incompetence in the said

subjects.

E-learning as defined from the website of true education is a type of learning conducted

digitally via electronic media, typically involving the internet. It can be accessed via most

electronic devices including a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone, making it a versatile and

easy way for students to learn wherever they are. E-learning resources come in a variety of forms

– from software programs and digital courses to interactive online platform and apps.

The LENGGWAHE is a mobile interactive learning application that contains the lessons

from the modules and followed by interactive games for the child to enjoy and test what they had

learned in the lessons displayed in three specific subjects: Science, Mother Tongue and

Mathematics. The application will allow as their basic reference of the Mother Tongue words in

the three specific mentioned subjects.

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Objectives of the Study

To develop a mobile interactive learning application in three specified subjects of

primary learners; Mother tongue and Mathematics using the Mother Tongue language.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. Develop a mother tongue mobile application for primary learners.

a.) Translate mother tongue language to English vocabulary.

b.) Create interactive game

c.) Evaluate the system using ISO 25010

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study is illustrated in Figure 1 showing the input,

process and output.

Input Process Output

Lessons in Subjects Translate Hiligaynon words to “Lenggwahe Mobile

English in games.
Mother Tongue Application for Primary
Mathematics Create interactive games. Learners.
Science

System Evaluation
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Figure 1: The Conceptual Framework of the Study

The inputs includes lessons in the different grade levels specifically in Grade 1, Grade 2,

and Grade3. If the user selected the Grade 1 button, it will display three input subjects namely,

Mother Tongue, Science and Mathematics which will show lesson from the gathered modules.

The same process is applied also for the Grade 2 and Grade 3 grade level. After the lessons, there

are key terms provided to sum up the important terms used in every lesson of each subject. The

processing involves the translation of words in Hiligaynon to English depending on the subjects.

The lessons are all displayed in Hiligaynon dialect. The interactive games involve exercises that

are based only on the lessons provided and a quiz that involves a random Hiligaynon words

translated in English. The application use the ISI0/IEC 25010 Quality Model for the system

evaluation. It will be evaluated by five IT experts and ten end users.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding of the study.

Hiligaynon. Hiligaynon is a member of the Visayan branch of the Central Philippine

language family. It is spoken mainly in Iloilo province on Panay Island in the Western Visayas

region of the Philippines. (http://omniglot.com/writing/hiligaynon.html)

In this study, it is the mother tongue language that the developers of this system will be

using.
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Interactive Game. (n.) An electronic game played by manipulating moving figures on a

display screen, often designed for play on a special gaming console rather than a personal

computer. (https://www.freedictionary.com/Interactive+game).

In this study, interactive games are included by the developers to test the understanding

of the users which is the pupils of Grades 1 to 3.

ISO 25010. ISO 25010, titled “Systems and software engineering – Systems and software

Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) – System and software quality models”, is a

software quality standard. It describes the models, consisting of characteristics and sub-

characteristics, for both software product quality, and software quality in use together with

practical guidance on the use of the quality models. (https://www.perforce.com/blog/gac/what-is-

iso-25010)

In this study, ISO 25010 will be the evaluation standard in creating this application.

Mathematics. Mathematics is a subject of numbers, shapes, data, measurements and also

logical activities. It has a huge scope in every field of our life, such as medicine, engineering,

finance, natural science, economics, etc. (https://byjus.com/maths/what-is-mathematics/)

In this study, Mathematics is one of the subject that will be included in the application.

Mobile application. A mobile app is a software application developed specifically for use

on small, wireless computing devices, such as smartphones and tablets, rather than desktop or

laptop computers. (http://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/mobile-app)

In this study, mobile application is the final product of this system entitled “Lenggwahe

mobile application for primary learners.

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Mother Tongue. Mother tongue is the language acquired during childhood through

interaction with surrounding adults. The learning of the mother tongue and the development of

the faculty of verbal language are the same and a unique process.

(https://www.upf.edu/en/web/ecodal/glosario-lengua-materna)

In this study, Mother Tongue is one of the subject that we used as an important

input in the application. It is the language used in exporting the lessons.

Science. The careful study of the structure and behavior of the physical world, especially

by watching, measuring, and doing experiments, and the development of theories to describe the

results of these activities. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/science)

In this study. Science is used as an input in the application. It is one of the subject that its

basic lessons can be seen in the application.

Translate. To change something into a new form, especially to turn a plan into something

real. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/translate)

In this study, translate refers to the process that is used for the inputs. It refers to the

translating of words of the lessons in a specific language.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will give significance to the following.

Teachers. The application will act as an enhanced guide to their teachings in mother

tongue language. With this, they can provide their students appropriate information regarding

with the subject Mother tongue.

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Pupils. The application will broaden the vocabulary of the pupils regarding with the

subject so that they can perform well if they had an advance learning. It will help them in order

to familiarize some basic mother tongue words.

School. This project will also benefit the school because it will provide an interactive

mobile learning materials for future use.

Parents. This study will help the parents in teaching their children easier and more

comfortable.

Researchers. They will gain a better insight and knowledge of the project as a result of

the research.

Future Researcher. The study will inform them and act as a guide for their future

research on the project.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The application is an offline module-based mobile application that can be used as an

electronic learning material for the primary learners specifically in Grades 1 to 3 with interactive

games included labelled as translation of words and exercises which is based on the displayed

lessons. It will run on Android devices. There are three different subjects included in the

application; Mother tongue, Science and Mathematics. The lessons is only limited on the

collected printed modules by the researchers. Not all lessons in the specified subjects are

included in the application. Just like in the printed modules, the application also provides

important terms at the end of every lessons in the three subjects. The application also include

sounds, pictures, videos in displaying the lessons and games of the three mentioned subjects.
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In the interactive games, the researchers included translation of words from Hiligaynon to

English. The end user will literally interact with the games because the application supports a

google speech game using the end users correct pronunciation. This application do not support

translations of phrases and sentences. The translations of words questions is limited only to

fifteen questions per grade .It also includes exercises that is display randomly depending on the

lessons displayed in each subject of the three grade level. The application limitation is that the

lessons are permanent and cannot be updated unless the researchers will develop another version.

This application does not have a database. It is only develop using the MIT App Inventor

and it is an Android based application that runs in mobile devices. This application will be

evaluated using ISO 25010. ISO 25010, titled “Systems and Software Engineering – Systems and

Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) – System and Software Quality

Models”, a system quality standard evaluation.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

Mobile devices are rampant in all aspects of human life. The developers become

unstoppable to invent mobile application. Mobile Application has been categorize according to

their functions and uses and has been a great help to humans daily routine.

This chapter characterized the review on related studies concerning the topic about

Lenggwahe: A Mobile Application for Primary Learners to supply a strong background in the

learning of mother tongue terms. The main objective of this application is to help the user

acknowledge the mother tongue term with a facile way to accessing its English term.

RELATED LITERATURE

Mobile Application

A mobile application, more commonly known as an app, is a category of application

software created specifically to run on mobile devices like smartphones and tablets, according to

Technopedia (2020). Users of mobile applications frequently receive services that are

comparable to those accessed through PCs. Apps are often small, discrete software modules with

constrained functionality. Apple Inc. and its App Store, which has thousands of apps for the

iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch, are responsible for making this use of apps popular in the first

place.

The "Lenggwahe mobile application for primary learners" is a planned offline Android

mobile application that will aid students in grades 1 through 3 in understanding mother tongue

modules in the areas of mathematics, science, and mother tongue.

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Mother Tongue

Verna claims (2020). Your mother tongue is the first language you learned from your

parents. Additionally, your mother tongue can be the language you learned from your

forefathers. Even the regional or state languages may not be the same as your mother tongue.

You might even have more than one mother tongue. But the language that your family members

speak at home the most is always your primary mother tongue.

Lenggwahe Application aims to provide a platform that converts some traditional

teaching methods into visual aids; some of the students and teachers need are already stored in

this application. Similar to the books and printed materials that are being utilized with, this

proposed application will have unique features.

Interactive Games

Greenhow (2020) asserts that interactive is used in mobile and educational games to

make them sound more difficult than they actually are and to increase their appeal. Although it

can be true, being more interactive does not necessarily imply being more engaging. Even a

simple game can become tedious to play if there is too much or the wrong kind of interaction

present.

However, if done well, an interactive experience can increase the appeal of the activity,

which is great for educational purposes because if it is fun or engaging, it is more likely to be

effective in the case of games, more attractive to the player, and can increase a sense of

investment in the world. Participate in the game.

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Language Translator

Market claims (2019). In order for the intended audience to understand the written word,

it must be translated from one language into another in a way that is both linguistically and

culturally suitable. An instrument that can be used to translate between any two dialects,

including English and Hiligaynon, is a language translator.

Language interpreters must be able to converse in and comprehend both the target

language and verse. The study develops an Android language converter software to increase its

usefulness. The relevant information may be accessed by the student thanks to a language

translator that makes communication simple and stress-free. Students are constantly willing to

utilize their phones to learn.

The language translator is one of the key features of this application.

Primary Learners

According to Alicia (2020). Primary learners are those individuals who have difficulty

learning in one-size-fits-all environment. They need differentiation in order to best receive and

retain information that is presented by the teacher. Primary learners retain information and skills

better when teachers apply principles that incorporate auditory, visual and hands- on learning

with the material. In addition, social skills and lifelong interactive behaviors are critical to the

learning environment of primary.

In this research primary learners are the pupils in grade 1 to 3 that will be the expected

users of our application entitled “Lenggwahe Mobile Application for Primary learners. Primary

learners is also the reason why we want to create this application specially for those pupils that
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cannot understand some words in mother tongue in their subjects in grade 1 to 3. This

application will assist them in the specific subject’s mother tongue, and mathematics which is

written in “Hiligaynon” the native language in Iloilo.

RELATED STUDIES

Local Studies

An Android based Language Translator application

This application created by RO Ogundoken et al (2021) is an example of a mobile

language converter that uses the real time Google translation API and it is programmed using the

java programming language. The languages that this application will be able to translate are

based on the most used languages globally such as English, Spanish, Arabic, Hindi, French and

Chinese. The expected users of the said applications are tourists that they can use for

communication purposes for them to communicate in the locals when they are traveling in the

other country. This will relate to our proposed application because language translator is one of

the feature and we will include it in the form of games which we will provide.

In our application will only focuses on Mother Tongue to English translation which will

help the pupils in primary grade levels to understand well in their specific subjects specifically

Mother Tongue, Science and Mathematics.

A Mobile-Assisted Learning Application of Mother Tongue for Grade 3

This research study is created by KV. Carreon, JJ. Mejia, CA. Padlan, and H. Palagana

(2019). The application is a mobile application that adopted the contents of mother tongue books

in mother tongue subjects and curriculum guide of Grade 3 in Bolosan-Caingal Elementary

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School. It is an interactive application that contains dictionary, flashcards, lessons and quiz. This

study is created using the (SDLC) or the Software Development Life Cycle, this method is a step

by step process that will describe on how to design and maintain the specific software

requirements that is needed in developing a mobile application.

This study relates our proposed project entitled “Lenggwahe mobile application for

primary learners because our application also will adopt the contents of learning materials in

mother tongue subjects in grade 1 to 3 and we will also include lessons, and games, but the

difference of our proposed project to this study is we include three subjects namely mother

tongue science, and mathematics.

I’m the Map Mobile Game Application

This is a mobile game application that is presented as an electronic map to evaluate the

Philippines in the idea of using a mobile game and improved the access to education and

promoted new learning. This application is applicable on Android Operating System. (Estoesta,

et al. 2018). This study is similar to the present project in terms of its scope that it is an Android-

based application and it is interactive. It differed in a way that the present project featured

lessons in three subjects, the Mother Tongue, Mathematics, and Science before proceeding in the

interactive game.

Quiz Time: A Grade Level Readiness Test Application

This study covered with the development of a mobile game application on the subjects

like Science, Mathematics, English, and Filipino. This also covered offline gameplay, save

achievements, game level, random questions, Android, and scoring mode. (Fieldad, et al., 2019).
 14

It is similar to the present project in terms of scope that it is an Android based application and its

gameplay features is the same to the present project. It is also an offline application. It differed in

a way that the present project does not only focuses on the interactive games. It has a lesson to be

finished reading before unlocking the corresponding games.

Hiligaynon- English Dictionary Mobile Application

A mobile application that can generate different meanings of the words. It focuses only

in searching and viewing the meaning of the given word. This is only applicable on Android

operating system with a minimum version of jellybean 4.1.1 up to the latest version of android

(Arcilla, et al. 2015). It is similar to the present project in terms of its scope that it is an Android

based application and generates translation of words. It differed in a way that the present project

featured lessons and translation occurs in the interactive games.

Foreign Studies

GrfKids: Development of a Greek language teaching platform via a Learning Management

System for primary school pupils with Russian as a mother tongue

An online platform created by E Michailidi, I Skordas, M Papatsimouli(2019). This study

aims to develop an online greek language learning platform via a learning management system

based on the WordPress paltform for primary school pupils with Russian as a mother tongue.

This project is made to help the Russian native speakers in Greece, as well their smooth

integration into society.

Thus the result of this study serves as our inspiration for our proposed subject entitled

Lenggwahe mobile application for primary learners because just like this webpage we aims to
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help the lack of understanding of some pupils in grade 1 to 3 in their subjects in mother tongue

language by creating this application we can help them to perform well in their subjects as well

as enjoying the games in the application.

Duolingo: A Mobile Application to Assist Second Language Learning

This study created by M Nushi, MH Eqbali - Teaching English with Technology (2017),

is a useful language application that can provide learners with practical and systematic steps to

learn a new language on their own. Duolingo has a sleek design, is user-friendly, and can be used

by learners of different ages and cultures. Duolingo also encourages peer-to-peer collaboration,

with learner's friends being able to challenge one another.

This study is will also relate our proposed system especially in our language translator

which is English to Hiligaynon that will help the pupils in primary grade levels in their

vocabulary in mother tongue.

Using Android Application for Teaching and Learning English as Second Language

This study created by KSS Kowsar, S Karthnik, S. Mukherjee (2017). Is a mobile

application intended for teachers and students in India as an alternative learning materials for

learning English as a secondary language in schools? This application feature different kinds of

language games that will enhance the vocabulary of Indian students and teachers in English. It

also features an emphasis practice which will help the learners in the correct pronunciation

different words and English and also how it can used in sentences.

This study will help us in producing also a high quality system that will help the primary

learners mainly the pupils in grade 1 to 3 in their subjects in mother tongue.

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Mobile Learning Application to Support Mandarin Language Learning for High School student

It is an application created by D Darmanto, H Yulius and H.Budi (2016). It was created to

aid Indonesian high school students in their study of Mandarin. The system changes utilizing.

The conversion of the system development life cycle into an Android-based mobile application.

The applications' content is taken from Chinese learning resources that researchers gathered from

various public and private schools. Using Android Studio and Apache Cordova as a support

engine, the application is created. A combination package execution AMP (Apache / MySQL /

PHP) with the Windows Operating System is used to support the server and data management

requirements [Senopati]. To lower license costs, the Open Source AMP Package was chosen

[Olson]. This study will serve as the foundation for creating our application. With the help of this

study, we will make note of the materials we'll need to create our application, which will be

made with an Android app developer.

Language Translator Application using Image in Android

This application is created by Renupriya, V & Vignesh, K. (2015). This application

provides new means of translating unfamiliar words it is a language application using images to

translate words. The application is created using Tesseract an open source Optical character

recognition (OCR) technology used to extract the text from the image and Google API is used for

translation of language. It is a very useful application when times of emergency situations.

The study will provide to our proposed project just like our application we will use

images in designing our application to make it more knowledgeable and pupils.

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Synthesis

With the aforementioned reviews of related literature and related studies, Lenggawahe

Mobile Application for Primary Learners convinced the researchers that the present study were

implemented accordingly with the purpose of instilling the application’s fundamental principles

by conducting an assessment or evaluation to the primary learners. The Lenggwahe Mobile

Application for Primary Learners, Hiligaynon- English Dictionary Mobile Application, Quiz-

Time: A Grade Level Readiness Test Application, I’m the Map Mobile Game Application, A

Mobile- Assisted Learning Application of Mother Tongue for Grade 3 were made for Android

devices and focuses only on games except for the Lenggwahe Mobile Application for Primary

Learners that it contains lessons and games. The mobile application mentioned in the comparison

table of existing mobile application and the current mobile application supports sound effects,

scoring mode, electronic learning, categories, featured image, and educational purposes.

However, the present application runs offline.

The researchers foresee that this study may bring as an advantage to the parents , teachers

, and primary learners to learn in advance the lessons in Grade 1 , Grade 2 and Grade 3 in three

specific subjects; Mother Tongue , Science and Mathematics. The study may bring

encouragement to the ISAT U students to develop another version of this application.

This study focuses on the learning competencies and vocabulary of primary learner’s

grade level 1 to 3 in the specific subjects Science and Mathematics that is written in Hiligaynon

as based on the Department of Education curriculum in Mother Tongue Education of 2012.

These related literature and related studies is a product of countless research and reading, the

researchers discovers that the previous studies has similarities in features.

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In the better improvement of the study, the researchers choose these related studies and

literatures to be the basis for the learning mobile application that to be develop and will focus on

the modules of grade 1 to 3 in the specific subjects namely; Mother Tongue and Mathematics,

and Science. This application contains lessons in the said subjects and an interactive games that

the end user may enjoy.

Furthermore these related studies and literature will give us tips in keeping our proposed

application to become more unique and more complex. By these above study we can surpass

their finished studies and creating a mobile application that will help the teachers and parents and

especially the primary learners in improving their learning competencies and enhance their

vocabulary by their lessons in Mother Tongue, Science and Mathematics that is written in

Hiligaynon according to the Mother Tongue curriculum.

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Chapter III

METHODOLOGIES

Project Description

Lenggwahe App for Primary Learners is an offline module- based mobile application that

contains translation of words in mother tongue from the specified subjects of Mathematics,

Science and Mother Tongue .The contents of the applications are only limited to the availability

of the modules gathered. The contents are categorized depending on the grade level and every

grade level contains three subjects mainly Mathematics, Science and Mother Tongue. After

learning from the lessons in the said subjects we included games in a form of quiz that is will be

displayed randomly to test their learnings. The type of the games is like a dictionary wherein we

will provide words which are related to the lessons in the specific subjects that we provided, then

we will also provide choices in Hiligaynon when the user chooses the correct answer the

application will have a child friendly design that contains pictures to make it easier to the users

to understand the contents while reading.

Project Development

System Development Methodology referred to the framework and content followed in an

organization to plan, design and control the process on developing information systems.
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Figure 2 Illustrate the Rapid Agile Development by James Martin

Figure 2. Rapid Application Development (Martin, 1991)

As shown in Figure 2, Rapid Application Development of James Martin (1991) is a

methodology that focuses on developing applications rapidly through frequent iterations and

continuous feedback.

The Rapid Application Development is a popular application development methodology

as it keeps a lot of scope for improvements and works to keep the user’s comfort and preferences

above all. It is best for web-based or mobile applications. Change for the applications feature can

be change anytime. Rapid Application Development have four phases: define project

requirements, prototype, rapid construction and feedback gathering and finalize product/

implementation.
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Phases of Rapid Application Development are as follows:

Define Project Requirements. In this process, the researchers gathered modules of three

specific grade levels. The modules of Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3. All the inputs in the

application are based on this module especially the lessons.

Prototype. The researchers design the application to meet the user’s need according to the

application features. It is open for adjustments until all the features run smoothly and there is no

presence of errors. The application undergo rapid changes until it will meet the user’s

expectation.

Rapid Construction and Feedback Gathering. In this process, the researchers construct the

application. On the construction process, the researchers uses MIT App Inventor as the primary

tool for the application development. The images, background, and the designs are edited in the

Microsoft PowerPoint. The researchers distribute questionnaires for the end users and for the IT

experts as an evaluation for the proposed project. The result will serve as the feedback of the

effectiveness of the application and reference for the additional improvement of the proposed

application.

Finalized Project/Implementation. The application will be implemented after it will pass

the system evaluation and undergo changes. The target user will find the application useful and it

will encourage other users to use the application.

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Design Specification

Use Case Diagram

Click
Grade 1

Click
Grade 2

Select Grade
Level
<<extend>>
Click
Grade 3

Click
Select Lessons Mathemaatics

Click
Mother
Tongue

Click
Science
Select Games
Click
Exercises
User
Click Words
Translations

Figure 3: Use Case Diagram

As shown in figure 3, we have one actor which is the user, when the user successfully

installed the application the user will select his/her grade level labeled; Grade 1, Grade 2 and

Grade 3. Then after the grade level has been successfully selected it will go to the next screen

which contains the lessons in the subjects Science, Mother Tongue, and Mathematics. After the

user successfully completed the lessons based on the subject the games will unlock. When the

user successfully clicked the game button it will go to the next screen and it will shows the two

categories which is the translations of words and exercises which will all based on the subject

and grade level that has been selected.

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Activity Diagram

Select Grade Select

Select Games
level Lessons

Click Click Click Click Words

Click Grade 1 Click Grade 2 Click Grade 3 Click Science
Mathematics Mother Tongue Exercises Translation

Figure 4: Activity Diagram

Figure 4 depicts how the user selects his or her grade level after successfully

installing the application. The categories are Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3. Once the grade level

has been properly chosen, the user is taken to the following screen, which comprises lessons for

the topics of Mother Tongue, Mathematics, and Science. The games will become available once

the user has successfully finished the subject-based lectures. After the user successfully clicks

the game button, a new screen appears with two categories word translations and exercises that

are dependent on the subject and grade level that the user has chosen.
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System Evaluation

The researchers gathered and analyzed information by conducting an evaluation. The

software evaluation of Lenggwahe Mobile Application used ISO/IEC 25010 Quality Model to

determine the effectivity of the application to the target users. The research instrument that the

researchers used from ISO/ IEC 25010 Quality Model, which is composed of three the same

questionnaires that is for the random parents, teachers and pupils and IT experts to identify the

effectiveness of the application.

To gather the needed data and information for the study, the researchers introduced the

application to the respondents and let them install it using their android device. It is done to

check the functionality of the application. The data gathered were encoded, analyzed and

interpreted.
 25

Requirement Analysis

The minimum hardware and software requirements that were used in the development of

the system are presented.

Hardware Specification

Table 1

PROCESSOR HELIO G35

SCREEN RESOLUTION 720X1640

INPUT DEVICES TOUCHSCREEN

OUTPUT DEVICES MOBILE PHONE

Software Specification

Table 2

OPERATING SYSTEM ANDRIOD OS , XOSV7.6(ANDRIOD 11)

FRONT END MIT APP INVENTOR

BACK END MIT APP INVENTOR

APPLICATION MIT APP INVENTOR

 26

Chapter IV

Results and Discussions

This chapter includes the presentation and discussion of results obtained from the study.

The ISO 25010 criteria for software evaluation was adopted to evaluate the application. The

researchers identified Five (5) IT Experts and Ten (10) End Users to evaluate the system using

Likert Scale Rating shown below.

Table 3.Likert Scale Rating

Scale Description

4.50 – 5.00 Very Effective

3.50 – 4.49 Effective

2.50 – 3.49 Moderately Effective

1.50 – 2.49 Ineffective

1.0 – 1.49 Very Ineffective

Table 4. Evaluation Result using ISO/IEC 25010 Evaluated by the Five (5) IT Expert

Variables N Standard Deviation Mean Description

Functional Sustainability 5 0.6 4.4 Effective

Performance Efficiency 5 0.5 4.5 Very Effective

Compatibility 5 0.4 4.7 Very Effective

Usability 5 0.3 4.5 Very Effective

 27

Reliability 5 0.5 4.4 Effective

Maintainability 5 0.4 4.6 Very Effective

Portability 5 0.5 4.6 Very Effective

Overall Result 5 0.45 4.5 Very Effective

Table 4 shows the evaluation result of the IT Experts using the ISO/IEC 25010 Quality

Model. It displays the number of sample (N), standard deviation (sd), mean (M) and the

description of the mean. The result revealed the application is “Very Effective” as shown in the

table. In terms of Functional Sustainability (M= 4.4, SD = 0.6), Performance Efficiency (M= 4.5,

SD= 0.5), Compatibility (M=4.7, SD=0.4), Usability (M=4.5, SD =0.3), Maintainability (M=4.6

SD = 0.4), Portability (M=4.6, SD = 0.5) and “Effective” in terms of Reliability (M=4.4,

SD=0.5). This means that the result implied that the application satisfies all the criteria

effectively from the IT expert’s perspective.

Table 5. Evaluation Result using ISO/IEC 25010 Evaluated by the Ten (10) End Users

Variables N Standard Deviation Mean Description

Functional Sustainability 10 0.45 4.47 Very Effective

Usability 10 0.5 4.1 Very Effective

Maintainability 10 0.6 4.0 Very Effective

Portability 10 0.50 3.83 Effective

Overall Result 10 0.24 4.10 Very Effective

 28

Table 5 shows the evaluation result of the end users using the ISO/IEC 25010 Quality

Model. It displays the number of sample (N), standard deviation (sd), mean (M) and the

description of the mean. The result revealed the application is “Very Effective” as shown in the

table. In terms of Functional Sustainability (M= 4.47, SD = 0.45), Usability (M= 4.1, SD= 0.5),

Maintainability (M=4.1, SD=0.6), and “Effective” in terms of Portability (M=3.83, SD=0.50).

This means that the result implied that the application satisfies all the criteria effectively from the

end-user’s perspective.
 29

Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of the Findings

The Lenggwahe Mobile Application for Primary Learners was developed to serve as an

electronic learning material for primary learners. It can help them to enhance their learning and

knowledge in Mother Tongue, Science and Mathematics subjects by reading the lessons and

playing the games which includes exercises and words translation. The questions in the

interactive games is display randomly provided by the researchers. The application was

developed with the use of MIT App Inventor. The user interface of the application was displayed

effectively. The user was able to select grade level and subjects and able to play the games

provided. It was evaluated successfully using the ISO/IEC 25010 Quality Model.

The Lenggawahe Mobile Application for Primary Learners is an example of e-learning. It

is an e- learning application in a way that the users learn lessons using an electronic device

specifically the mobile phones. It also enable users to interact with the games provided. The

games enhance their critical thinking and self-monitoring skills. The application is also an easy

access of the lessons of Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3 in three subjects mentioned above. It is

develop for user’s convenience in a way that it runs without the need of internet connection. The

application is intended for mobile users specifically parents, pupils or the primary learners, and

teachers.
 30

The development of this type of application is essential in this time. Everyone can use the

application if they want to. The application may help the primary learners to have an advance

idea of their subject and the basic words that they may encounter. The games is also one way to

test what they learn in each subject. Since it was an offline based application, the mobile users is

allowed to access easily and the application is available anytime upon installing.

The Rapid Application Development was used in developing of the application which is

very useful to attain successfully the objectives and is done systematically using each phase.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The application Lenggwahe Mobile Application for Primary Learners was

successfully developed to provide a more efficient way of giving basic ideas about the

three selected subjects of the three selected grade level and present the words

translation as an interactive game.

2. The application keeps and maintains the basic lessons in the three selected subjects of

the three grade level; it provide an interactive game that can help the users monitor

their self of what they had learn.

3. The application is an effective tool to be an electronic learning material to the users

especially the primary learners.

 31

Recommendations

Based on the preceding findings and conclusions, the following series of actions are

recommended:

1. The parents may use the mobile application during they encounter difficulties in

understanding the lessons of their child. This could help lessen their worries about the

subjects.

2. The teacher may use the application to enhance the performance of the pupils in

school and serve as a learning aide.

3. The pupils may utilize the mobile application to ensure their level of understanding of

the lessons of the three selected subjects.

4. Future Researchers may be encourage to develop a mobile application that will not

only focus on games but it will provide also a necessary and useful information. The

researchers recommend that they will import more lessons and additional subjects and

features to improve this application and also to be user-friendly. This application may

serve as the basis.

 32

REFERENCES

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Learning English as Second Language | Sangeeta Mukherjee, Karthik Sivam, and S0 20K -

Academia.edu. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from

https://www.academia.edu/42223402/Using_Android_Application_for_Teaching_and_Learning

_English_as_Second_Language

Darmanto, Darmanto and Hari, Yulius and Hermawan, Budi (2016) Mobile Learning

Application to Support Mandarin Language Learning for High School student. Imperial Journal

of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), 2 (4). pp. 402-407. ISSN 2454-1362 Retrieved September

18, 2022, from

(http://repository.widyakartika.ac.id/119/)

Feliscuzo, Larmie & Bacalso, Patrick & Seadino, Rex. (2015). Cebuano Kid's Picture Dictionary

with English Translation for Android Devices V1.0. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318120315_Cebuano_Kid's_Picture_Dictionary_with_

English_Translation_for_Android_Devices_V10/citation/download

James Martin (1991). Rapid Application Development Methodology. Retrieved September 24,

2022 from https://codebots.com/app-development/what-is-rapid-application-development-rad

 33

M. N. Jamis, E. R. Yabut, R. E. Manuel and A. E. Catacutan-Bangit, "Speak App: A

Development of Mobile Application Guide for Filipino People with Motor Speech Disorder,"

TENCON 2018 - 2018 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2018, pp. 0717-0722, doi:

10.1109/TENCON.2018.8650157. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from

(https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8650157/citations?tabFilter=papers)

Michailidi, Eleni & Skordas, Ioannis & Papatsimouli, Maria & Lazaridis, Lazaros & Michailidis,

Heracles & Tavoultzidou, Stavroula & Fragulis, George. (2019). Development of a Greek

language teaching platform for primary school pupils.. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334867064_Development_of_a_Greek_language_teac

hing_platform_for_primary_school_pupils

Nushi, Musa & Eqbali, Mohamad. (2017). Duolingo: A mobile application to assist second

language learning. Teaching English with Technology. 17. 89-98.

Retrieved September 18, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

313572795_Duolingo_A_mobile_application_to_assist_second_language_learning

Ogundokun, Roseline & Bamidele, Awotunde & Misra, Sanjay & Segun-Owolabi, Tobe &

Adeniyi, Emmanuel & Jaglan, Vivek. (2021). An android based language translator application.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1767. 012032. 10.1088/1742-6596/1767/1/012032.

Retrieved September 18, 2022, from

 34

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349449352_An_android_based_language_translator_a

pplication

Pagtaconan, Wilben Christie & Aganus, Marc & Alcantara, Tristan & Salvador, Wency &

Tolentino, Mark. (2014). Sirib Mobile: A Mother Tongue-Based Mobile Application. Retrieved

September 18, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275772098_Sirib_Mobile_A_Mother_Tongue-

Based_Mobile_Application

Renupriya, V & Vignesh, K. (2015). Language Translator Application using Image in Android.

Retrieved September 18, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296678370_Language_Translator_Application_using_I

mage_In_Android

Vincent, Karl & Joy, Jessa & Ann, Charry & G., Hanzrick. (2019). A Mobile-Assisted Learning

Application of Mother Tongue for Grade 3. International Journal of Computer Applications. 178.

15-18. 10.5120/ijca2019918949 Retrieved September 18, 2022, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333857376_A_Mobile_Assisted_Learning_Applicatio

n_of_Mother_Tongue_for_Grade_3
 35

APPENDICES
 36

APPENDIX A

ISO/IEC 25010 QUALITY MODEL

 37

APPENDIX B

LETTER FOR THE END USERS

 38

APPENDIX C

Questionnaire for Information Technology Experts

Part I. Responder’s Profile

Direction: Please fill up this form. All data inputted will not be disclosed in the research paper.

This document will only be used to establish the respondent’s credibility

Name:

Company:

Position:

Educational Background

Highest Educational Attainment

( ) Bachelor’s Degree

( ) Master’s Degree

( ) Doctorate Degree

Field of Expertise:
 39

Part II. Assessment of the system based on ISO 25010 Lenggwahe: A Mobile Application for

Primary Learners

Instruction: Please tick ( ) the rating apply to each statement about the system

(5 – Excellent, 4 – Very Satisfactory, 3 – Satisfaction, 2 –Good, 1 – Poor)

ISO 25010 Quality Characteristics 5 4 3 2 1

Functional Sustainability

Functional Completeness. Degree to which the set of functions covers

all specified task user objectives

Functional correctness. Degree to which a product or system provides

the correct results with the needed degree of precision

Functional appropriateness. Degree to which the function facilitate the

accomplishment of specified tasks and objectives

Performance efficiency

Time behavior. Degree to which the response and processing times and

through put rates of a product or system, when performing its functions,

meet requirements

Resource utilization. Degree to which the amounts and types of

resources used by a product or system, when performing its functions

meet requirements

Capacity. Degree to which the maximum limits of a product or system

parameter meet requirements

Compatibility

Co-existence. Degree to which a product can perform its required

 40

functions efficiently while sharing a common environment and resources

with other product, without detrimental impact on any product

Interoperability. Degree to which two or more systems, products or

components can exchange information and use the information that has

been exchanged

Usability

Appropriateness recognizability. Degree to which users can recognize

whether a product or system is appropriate to their needs

Learnability. Degree to which a product or a system can be used by

specified users to achieve specific goals of learning to use the product or

system with effectiveness, efficiency, freedom from risk and satisfaction

in a specified context of use.

Operability. Degree to which a product or system has attributes that

make it easy to operate and control

User error protection. Degree to which a system protects users against

making errors

Accessibility. Degree to which a product or system can be used by

people with the widest range of characteristics and capabilities to

achieve as is specific in a specified context of use

Reliability

Maturity. Degree to which a system,, product or component meets

needs for reliability under normal operation

Availability. Degree to which a system, product or component is

 41

operational and accessible when required for use

Fault tolerance. Degree to which a system, product or component

operates as intended despite the presence of hardware and software faults

Recoverability. Degree to which, in the event of an interruption or a

failure, a product or system can recover the data directly affected and

reestablish the desired state of the system

Security

Confidentiality. Degree to which a product or a system ensures that data

are accessible only to those authorized to have access

Integrity. Degree to which a system, product or components prevents

unauthorized access to, or modification of, computer programs an data

Non- repudiation. Degree to which actions or events can be proven to

have taken place, so that the events or action cannot be repudiated latter

Accountability. Degree to which the actions of an entity can be traced

uniquely to the entity

Authenticity. Degree to which the identity of a subject or resource can

be proven to be one claimed

Maintainability

Modularity. Degree to which a system or computer program is

composed of discrete components such that a change to one components

has minimal impact on other components

Reusability. Degree to which an asset can be used in more than one

system, or in building other assets

 42

Analyzability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which it is

possible to assess the impact on the product or system of an intended

change to one or more of its part, or to diagnose a product for

deficiencies or causes of failures, or to identify parts to be modified

Modifiability. Degree to which a product or system can be effectively

and efficiently modified without introducing defects or degrading

existing product quality

Testability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which test

criteria can be established for a system, product or component and tests

can be performed to determine whether those criteria have been met

Portability

Adaptability. Degree to which a product or system can effectively and

efficiency be adapted for different or evolving hardware, software or

other operational or usage environment

Installability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a

product or system can be successfully installed and/or uninstall in a

specified environment

Replaceability. Degree to which a product can replace another specified

software product for the same purpose in the same environment

Respondent’s Name and Signature

APPENDIX D

Questionnaire for End User

 43

Part I. Responder’s Profile

Direction: Please fill up this form. All data inputted will not be disclosed in the research paper.

This document will only be used to establish the respondent’s credibility

Name:

Company:

Position:

Educational Background

Highest Educational Attainment

( ) Bachelor’s Degree

( ) Master’s Degree

( ) Doctorate Degree

Field of Expertise:
 44

Part II. Assessment of the system based on ISO 25010 Lenggwahe: A Mobile Application For

Primary Learners

Instruction: Please tick ( ) the rating apply to each statement about the system

(5 – Excellent, 4 – Very Satisfactory, 3 – Satisfaction, 2 –Good, 1 – Poor)

ISO 25010 Quality Characteristics 5 4 3 2 1

Functional Sustainability

Functional Completeness. Degree to which the set of functions covers

all specified task user objectives

Functional correctness. Degree to which a product or system provides

the correct results with the needed degree of precision

Functional appropriateness. Degree to which the function facilitate the

accomplishment of specified tasks and objectives

Usability

Appropriateness recognizability. Degree to which users can recognize

whether a product or system is appropriate to their needs

Learnability. Degree to which a product or a system can be used by

specified users to achieve specific goals of learning to use the product or

system with effectiveness, efficiency, freedom from risk and satisfaction

in a specified context of use.

Operability. Degree to which a product or system has attributes that

 45

make it easy to operate and control

User error protection. Degree to which a system protects users against

making errors

Accessibility. Degree to which a product or system can be used by

people with the widest range of characteristics and capabilities to

achieve as is specific in a specified context of use

Maintainability

Modularity. Degree to which a system or computer program is

composed of discrete components such that a change to one components

has minimal impact on other components

Reusability. Degree to which an asset can be used in more than one

system, or in building other assets

Analyzability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which it is

possible to assess the impact on the product or system of an intended

change to one or more of its part, or to diagnose a product for

deficiencies or causes of failures, or to identify parts to be modified

Modifiability. Degree to which a product or system can be effectively

and efficiently modified without introducing defects or degrading

existing product quality

Testability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which test

criteria can be established for a system, product or component and tests

can be performed to determine whether those criteria have been met

Portability
 46

Adaptability. Degree to which a product or system can effectively and

efficiency be adapted for different or evolving hardware, software or

other operational or usage environment

Installability. Degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a

product or system can be successfully installed and/or uninstall in a

specified environment

Replaceability. Degree to which a product can replace another specified

software product for the same purpose in the same environment

Respondent’s Name and Signature

 47

APPENDIX E

End User Evaluation Result

FUNCTIONAL SUSTAINABLITY Usability Compatibility Reliability Portability Performance Efficiency Overall

Respondents End Users
FS1 FS2 FS3 AVERAGE U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 AVERAGE C1 C2 AVERAGE R1 R2 AVERAGE P1` P2 P3 AVERAGE PE1 PE2 PE3 AVERAGE
1 4 4 4 4.00 4 4 5 4 5 4.4 3 4 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3.67 4.0
2 1 5 5 3.67 5 5 5 5 5 5.00 1 5 3.00 5 5 5.00 5 4 2 3.67 4 3 2 3.00 4.0
3 5 5 4 4.67 5 4 4 4 5 4.4 4 4 4.0 4 3 3.5 4 3 4 3.67 3 3 2 2.67 3.87
4 5 5 5 5.00 1 5 4 1 5 3.2 5 5 5.00 1 3 2.00 5 1 5 3.67 5 5 4 4.67 3.90
5 4 4 4 4.00 4 4 4 4 4 4.00 4 4 4.00 4 4 4.00 3 2 3 2.67 3 4 4 3.67 3.72
6 5 4 5 4.67 3 5 4 4 5 4.2 5 4 4.50 5 5 5.00 5 4 3 4.00 4 5 5 4.67 4.46
7 5 5 5 5.00 4 3 4 5 1 3.4 4 4 4.00 5 5 5.00 5 5 4 4.67 5 4 4 4.33 4.31
8 5 5 5 5.00 5 5 4 3 5 4.4 4 4 4.00 5 4 4.50 5 4 3 4.00 3 4 5 4.00 4.33
9 5 5 4 4.67 5 5 4 4 5 4.6 5 4 4.50 5 5 5.00 4 4 4 4.00 4 5 5 4.67 4.56
10 5 4 4 4.33 4 3 4 3 4 3.6 4 4 4.00 4 4 4.00 4 5 4 4.33 3 4 3 3.33 3.90
AVERAGE 4.50 4.1 4.1 4.20 3.87 3.87
SD 0.45 0.5 0.52 0.90 0.50 0.69
 48

APPENDIX F

Information Technology Experts Evaluation Result

FUNCTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY COMPATIBILITY USABILITY RELIABILITY MAINTAINABILITY PORTABILITY OVERALL
Respondents IT EXPERTS F1 F2 F3 AVERAGE PE1 PE2 PE3 AVERAGE C1 C2 AVERAGE U1 U2 U3 U4 AVERAGE R1 R2 R3 R4 AVERAGE M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 AVERAGE P1 P2 P3 AVERAGE
1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
2 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4.3 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4.3 4 5 5 4 4.5 4 4 4 5 5 4.4 5 5 5 5 4.5
3 5 4 5 4.7 5 5 4 4.7 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4.5 5 5 4 4 4.5 5 4 5 5 5 4.8 5 4 5 4.7 4.7
4 4 5 5 4.7 5 5 4 4.7 4 5 4.5 4 5 5 4 4.5 5 4 4 4 4.3 5 5 5 4 5 4.8 4 5 5 4.7 4.6
5 4 3 3 3.3 4 3 4 3.7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3.7 3.7
AVERAGE 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6
SD 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5
 49

APPENDIX G

Comparison Table of Existing Mobile Application and Mobile Games related in Lenggwahe

Mobile Application for Primary Learners

Quiz Time: A mobile

Hiligaynon I’m the A Grade assisted Android Lenggwahe

–English Map level learning based Mobile

Features Dictionary Mobile readiness application language application

Mobile game test of Mother translator for primary

Application Application application Tongue for learners

Grade 3

Android

     

IOS

     

Offline

     

Scoring

mode      
 50

Lessons

     

Educational

Purpose      

Game level

     

Words

Translation      

Mapping

function      

Sounds

     

Featured

image      