In A Two-Tier C-WPS Office
In A Two-Tier C-WPS Office
Client Tier: The client tier consists of the user interface or client application that communicates with the
server. It is responsible for presenting the data to the user, receiving user input, and sending requests to
the server for storing and retrieving data. The client software may be installed on multiple machines and
can be a thick or thin client.
Server Tier: The server tier is responsible for storing and managing the data in the database. This tier
also manages the communication between the client and the database. The server software may run on
a specific machine or may be distributed across multiple machines to improve performance and
scalability.
Reduced network traffic: Since all client requests go directly to the server, there is less network traffic
compared to three-tier architecture.
Faster response time: Since there is no middle tier, the data access time can be faster.
Simple design: Two-tier architecture is relatively simple to implement and maintain compared to three-
tier architecture.
Scalability: Two-tier architecture may not be able to scale well for large or complex systems.
Maintenance: If the client software needs to be updated, it has to be done on every client machine,
which can be time-consuming and costly.
A two-tier client/server architecture is a model for database management systems (DBMSs) where there
are two distinct tiers or layers of software. The first tier is the client software, which runs on an end-user
device, such as a desktop computer, laptop, or mobile device. The second tier is the server software,
which runs on a central machine or server and provides the database management service to the client.
In this architecture, the client software communicates directly with the server software to retrieve data
or execute a query. The client software can use libraries, APIs or drivers to connect with the server
software, which then executes the request and sends back information to the client.
Online Shopping: Suppose you want to buy a product online from a store. You use a web browser to
connect to the store's website. The website represents the client tier, which retrieves information about
the product from the server. The server tier stores product data, processes payments, and provides
other back-end services. When you click "add to cart" on the website, the client sends a request to the
server, which updates the cart and sends the updated information back to the client.
Banking System: Suppose you want to check your bank balance online. You use a mobile app to connect
to the bank's server. The app architecture is the client tier, which retrieves data such as your account
balance and transaction history from the server tier, which stores all the customer data. When you click
the "check balance" button on the app, the client sends an SQL query to the server, which retrieves the
account data and sends the results back to the client.
Email Service: Suppose you want to send an email to your friend using a web-based email service. You
use a browser to connect to the email service. The web application represents the client tier, which
interfaces with the email server running on the backend. The server tier stores all the user emails,
processes email sending requests, and provides other backend services. When you compose an email on
the client, the server receives the email contents, stores it in the database, and forwards it to the
recipient mailbox.
In conclusion, the two-tier client/server architecture for DBMSs allows for efficient communication
between the client and server, which makes it ideal for various online services. It facilitates faster data
processing and retrieval, provides better user experience, and is easy to deploy.
Three-tier and N-tier architectures are web application development models that separate the software
components of a web application into different tiers or layers. These architectures provide a scalable,
flexible, and maintainable design for building web applications.
Three-Tier Architecture Three-tier architecture for web applications consists of three main layers or
tiers:
a. Presentation Layer or User Interface (UI) Tier: This is the topmost layer and it represents the interface
of the web application that the users interact with. It contains all the UI elements such as forms,
buttons, and menus.
b. Application Logic or Business Logic Tier: This layer contains the business logic of the web application.
It handles all the requests from the presentation layer and communicates with the data tier to retrieve
or modify data. It contains all the application logic, validation, and business rules.
c. Data Storage or Data Tier: This is the bottom layer and it handles all the data storage and retrieval. It
contains all the databases, data stores and data access components.
Example: An Online Shopping Website Presentation Layer (UI): The website's homepage, navigation
menus, search bar, shopping cart, and checkout pages. Application Logic (Business Logic): Handling the
customer's cart, processing orders, retrieving product data from a database, applying discounts and
coupons, sending order confirmation emails, etc. Data Storage (Data Tier): A database that stores the
product catalog, customer information, order data, payment history, etc.
N-Tier Architecture N-Tier architecture for web applications expands on the three-tier architecture,
providing additional layers for increased scalability, flexibility, and maintainability. N-tier architecture
can have any number of tiers, depending on the requirements of the web application.
a. Presentation Layer or User Interface (UI) Tier (Same as three-tier) b. Application Logic or Business
Logic Tier (Same as three-tier) c. Service Tier: This layer provides services or APIs to the other tiers. It
could be a web service or a messaging service, and it can be used for integrating different parts of the
web application or even other applications. d. Data Access or Persistence Tier: This layer handles the
connections and queries to the database and provides a unified interface for all the database
operations. It also handles caching and optimization of queries.
Example: A Social Networking Platform Presentation Layer (UI): The desktop and mobile web interface,
which includes the user profile page, news feed, messaging, and likes/follows functionality. Application
Logic (Business Logic): Managing the network of users, content controls, authorization security, and user
preferences. Service Tier: Providing APIs for content delivery, network relations, and direct messaging
between users. Data Access or Persistence Tier: Handling database connections, queries, and caching.
Storing user profiles, posts, commenting, and background infrastructure analytics.
In conclusion, both three-tier and N-tier architectures are ideal for building scalable and maintainable
web applications. The choice of architecture will depend on the specific requirements of the application,
the scale of operations, the target audience, and other factors.