REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND EXISTING ALTERNATIVES

Agriculture is the most important of human life so it can be improvised by using IoT

technology. IoT technology gives a grasp to enhance the power of automation systems in

agriculture. Smart agriculture System that uses the advantages of cutting-edge technologies such

as Arduino and Wireless Sensor Network. Raghuvanshi, Roy, & Panwar (2021)

Chicken or poultry farms increase its production as the population in the Philippines

demanded more supply of food resources. The livestock production is a billion-peso industry

where many Filipinos are depending on.  An Android application was developed to set the time,

in which the user intends to give food to the chicken. Water is constantly provided to the poultry

once the sensor detects that the water container is empty. As the feed and water tank gets low, a

notification system is in place to inform the user about it. A solar panel is used to charge the

battery that powers the microcontroller and motors. This technology provided a relevant result in

upgrading poultry businesses that saves time and effort. Batuto, Dejeron, Cruz & Samonte

(2020).

The livestock farming sector usually require a lot of manpower and may face problems

such as adhering the designated feeding schedule. The smart feed system designed is different

from the existing livestock feeding machines that are available anywhere in the market due to the

implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in the system. The usage of IoT allows farmers to set

the feeding schedule automatically by using an application via smartphone. Besides, users will

also be informed on the weight of food in the storage and food container through the application.

This will allow the users to monitor the food storage and only come to refill it when it is empty.

Farmers can also observe whether the livestock have eaten or not by getting updated on the level

of food of the food storage using an ultrasonic sensor.  Fakharulrazi, & Yakub (2020)
 A combination of wireless sensors and database servers can be used for controlling and

monitoring environmental parameters in a poultry farm. Various environmental parameters like

temperature, humidity, ammonia gas have a big role in operations of Poultry. Operator can get

updates regarding the internal environmental situation of poultry farm by accessing the data

using a web page. A combination of hardware and software is used which will initiate the action

automatically to control the environmental parameters according to present standards, if there are

any changes in parameters which exceed the present system will act automatically and help to

take actions to control the environmental parameters. Sensors are used to control temperature,

water level, smoke, gas and food dispensing. All these sensors are connected with the Arduino

uno which can control and monitor all data. The data is stored in the database servers, and

detailed record of poultry farm with status of environmental conditions is maintained at a

webpage. System thus focuses on maintaining best possible environmental conditions with

minimal human effort. Sheethal, Bedramane, Gonsalves & Shivakumar (2020)

The pet feeder device can distribute food and water while also monitoring the creature's

movement. This gadget is outfitted with several embedded components that allow it to feed food

and dispense water without the need for human participation. The monitoring was carried out

because an internet connection was supplied by the gadget, allowing the user to view the pet's

feeding on the relevant Thing Talk cloud. The Arduino UNO and the server motor are two of the

machine's new components, which are housed in a bottle with electrical connections that can last

for a week. Devi, Jyothi, & Nagajyothi, (2022)

The advent of technology has led to the automation of a number of systems globally such

that the use of machines, control systems and information technology are implemented to

optimize productivity in the manufacturing of goods and delivery of services. A typical poultry
farm requires a lot of labour, but automation can proficiently moderate the amount of effort

required, thereby making farming easier, faster, and leading to increased productivity. A poultry

liquid and solid feed dispensing system are designed to discharge feed at specific time intervals

in a poultry farm. The remote and monitoring system applies the Sim900A GSM and AT2560

microcontroller in Arduino Uno for remote monitoring and control of the feed dispensing.

Olaniyi, Buhari, Bala, Arulogun, & Kaa, (2019)

Review of Existing Technologies

Dogs Feed Smart System with Food Scales Indicator IoT Based

IoT-based system with remote control and monitoring to make it easier for pet owners to

provide food and water to their pets using smartphone devices. This system has two primary

functions: feeding and drinking. Each of these features can be used both manually and

automatically. There is a further function, weighing food, in addition to these two. Automatic

feeding and drinking can be programmed using the RTC sensor DS2321 or manually via the

Blynk Android app. A load cell sensor is used to determine the weight of food in the food

container, and an ultrasonic sensor is used to determine the amount of food residue and drinking

water in the container.

IoT Based Smart Fish Feeder

An IoT system to automate fish feeding was built using NodeMCU Esp32

microcontrollers, Firebase as an IoT server, and a mobile app to track and control these two. This

system monitors characteristics that are usually related with fish feeding and health. It uses a

temperature sensor to detect the tank water temperature, an ultrasonic sensor to measure the
amount of fish food remaining, and a photoresistor (LDR) to measure the ambien t light levels.

These sensors were linked to a NodeMCU Esp32 microcontroller, which continuously updates

the sensor values in the IoT server. The device was able to automate the actual feeding process

by delivering food and then sifting the uneaten food. This is accomplished through the use of

servo actuators and specialized 3D-printed pieces for storing food and collecting uneaten food. A

light strip was used to either manually or automatically enhance the ambient light level based on

the sensor's current reading. All of the aforementioned actuators were linked to another Esp32,

which was constantly checking the IoT server for directives to activate or deactivate any of the

actuators. The app allowed the user to examine the status of his aquarium by reading data from

sensors and to take manual control of the feeding process and lighting by sending commands to

the actuators. The Firebase real-time IoT server was used for all communication between the

app, sensors, and actuators. The app also included a scheduling tool that allowed the owner to set

up feeding regimens. The machine would then automatically distribute meals based on the time

interval and food amount indicated by the active schedule. The sensors, actuators, and app can

successfully communicate, and the user can check the status of the aquarium in real time or make

a feeding operation via the app.

Automatic Feeds Dispenser for Sow and Milk Feeding of Piglets with SMS Notification
The feeding system featured a scheduling system that allows owners to specify the time

and amount for the feeding of pigs, eliminating issues and saving money on labor expenditures.

The automated feeder may be accessed remotely via messaging, and SMS notifications are

provided after the machine has dispensed the pellet meals or milk. One of the advantages of the

Automatic Feeds Dispenser over the manually controlled feeding system is the remote access

function. Furthermore, the device sends an SMS notification to the owner after each feeding.
Finally, an alternative milk source reduces piglet pre-weaning mortality by providing equitable

feeding opportunities and potentially avoiding crushing of disadvantaged piglets.

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Buenaflor, G. M., Carlos, R. M., & Plata, K. T. (2019). Automatic Feeds Dispenser for Sow and
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Devi, M. R., Jyothi, V., & Nagajyothi, D. (2022, December). IoT and Cloud-based Automated
Pet Care System. In 2022 6th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and
Aerospace Technology (pp. 1366-1372). IEEE.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10009347
Fakharulrazi, A. N., & Yakub, F. (2020). Control and Monitoring System for Livestock Feeding
Time via Smartphone. Journal of Sustainable Natural Resources, 1(2), 21-26.
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Harahap, R. K., Wibowo, E. P., Nur'ainingsih, D., Wijaya, A. K., & Anindya, R. S. C. (2022,
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https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10031344
Olaniyi, O. M., Buhari, U. U., Bala, J. A., Arulogun, O. T., & Kaa, T. (2019). Remote
monitoring and control system for poultry feed dispensing. 2019 IEEE 1st International
Conference on Mechatronics, Automation and Cyber-Physical Computer System.
http://repository.futminna.edu.ng:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18798
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