MATHS

FRACTIONS
Concepts § Fraction on the Number Line, Types of Fractions.
Covered § Equivalent Fractions.
§ Like-Unlike Fractions, Comparing Fractions.
§ Addition ond subtraction of Fractions.
§ Multiplication ond Division of Fractions.
Learning § Identify types of fractions
Objectives § Compare and contrast different types of fractions
§ Represent fractions on a number line
Learning § Students will be able to recognize parts and wholes both visually
Outcomes and numerically.
§ They will understand which number in a fraction is the
numerator and which is the denominator.
§ They will be able to identify which values are greater than or
lesser than.
Extended § Ask students to identify something in their home they could
Learning and divide into fractions, such as a pizza or crayons, and divide.
Skills Have them draw their fraction or take a picture to share.
Development § Leave the number line blank and have students create their own
number line from least to greatest. Determine the range
together.
 FRACTIONS
Introduction
Fraction is a method for representing the parts of a whole number. An orange is divided into two parts then the first part
of orange is half of the whole orange and represented by 1/2 of the orange,
1/2 is in fraction and called fractional number.
The upper part of the fraction is called numerator and lower part of the
fraction is called denominator. In the fraction, a/b, a is its numerator and b
is denominator.
Reciprocal of a fraction is obtained on reversing its order. Therefore,
reciprocal of a/b is b/a and product of a fraction with its reciprocal is one;
! "
"
× ! =1
#$ %&
For Example: × #$ = 1
%&

Representation of Fractions on Number Line

Fractions are greater than 0 but less than 1 come between 0 and 1. Number of fractions can be obtained between 0
and 1 by dividing distance among them into required number of times.
The following steps are used to represent fractions on the number line:
Step 1: Draw a line and mark 0 on it.
Step 2: If numerator of fraction that is to be represented on number line is
greater than denominator then the given fraction is represented beyond the
distance of 0 to 1.
Step 3: If numerator is smaller than denominator then fraction comes between 0 and 1.
'
Fraction, comes between 0 and 1 because numerator is smaller than denominator.
%(
'
Therefore, the following steps are used for representation of fraction on number line:
%(
Step 1: Draw the line and mark 0 on it.
Step 2: Mark another point 1 on the same line.
Step 3: Divide distance between 0 and 1 into 10 equal parts.
!
Represent the fraction at the point of 9 on the number line which
"#
has been drawn in step 3 as shown in the following figure.

Example:
𝟐
Choose the correct option from the following for representation of fraction on number line:
𝟑
(A) (B)

(C) (D) All of these

Solution: (C), The number line which has been given in (C) correctly represents the given fraction.
Operations on Fractions
In the ratio form of a fractional number, numerator is called dividend and denominator is divisor.
&
Therefore, 6 ÷ 3 is expressed in the form of fraction and written as .
)
&
is not in full simplified or reduced form therefore, by division it can be simplified and the
)
quotient of the division is the simplified form of the fraction. Let us consider an example of
#$
fraction .
)&
The numerator of the given fraction is not divisible by denominator but 12 is a common divisor
#
between both the numerator and denominator of the fractions. Therefore, its simplified form
)
is the solution of the fraction. The simplified form of the fraction is called reduced form of the
fraction.
Example:
In the following picture, some parts of picture are shaded but some are not. Find the part of
the unshaded portion of the picture.
Solution: Since there are total 5 parts and one of which is not shaded . So 1/5 of the part is unshaded.

Proper Fractions
) % +
A fraction which has greater denominator than numerator is called proper fraction. , , are proper
* # '
fractions.

Example:
Choose the proper fraction from the following options:
! "#%
(A) $ (B) &'
""
(C) &' (D) All of these
Solution: (C), The fraction which has smaller numerator than denominator is called proper
fraction.

Improper Fractions
A fraction is called improper fraction if:
§ It has smaller denominator than numerator or it has equal numerator and denominator.
& * %(' &
§
* #
, , )$
, & are improper fractions.
Example:
Choose the improper fraction from the following options:
*& #
(A) (B)
) )
#*
(C) (D) All of these
$)

Solution: (A), The fraction which has greater numerator than denominator is called
improper fraction.

Mixed Fractions
The combination of a fraction and a whole number is called mixed fractions. Every mixed
#
fraction can be simplified into an improper fraction, i.e. 5 .
+
The simplified form of a mixed fraction is always an improper fraction.
Example:
𝟏
The solution of an expression is 4 . which one of the following is correct about the common name of the
𝟐
solution of the expression?
(A) Mixed Fraction (B) Proper Fraction
(C) Improper Fraction (D) All of these
%
Solution: (A), 4 is a mixed fraction.
#
Conversion of Mixed Fraction
%
Let us consider a mixed fraction 4 . it is converted into fraction by multiplying denominator to whole
#
and the result of multiplication is added to the numerator of the fraction. The denominator of the
resulting fraction is same as the denominator of the mixed fraction. Therefore, the mixed fraction
% %)
4 is written into fraction as .
# )
(Denominator of mixed fraction × Whole ) + Numerator
Fraction =
Denominator of the mixed fraction
Example:
𝟑𝟒
The fraction, 𝟑
is equivalent of which one of the following fractions?
% %
(A) 12 (B) 13
) )
%
(C) 11 (D) All of these
)
)$ %
Solution: (C),
)
= 11 )

Conversion of Improper Fraction into Mixed Fraction

%)
Let us consider an improper fraction .
)
The following steps are used to obtain the mixed fraction of the above given
fraction:
Step 1: Divide the numerator by denominator 3 ÷ 13 So, Quotient = 4 and Remainder = 1
Step 2: Required mixed fraction.
Remainder 1
Quotient =4
Divisor 3
Example:
Add the following shaded parts of the pictures and express the result into its mixed fraction:
% %
(A) 2 (B) 1
# #

)
(C) 1 (D) All of these
#
Solution: (B), Here 1 part is shaded full and another part is shaded half. So total is one and half.

Equivalent Fractions
When numerator and denominator of a fraction is multiplied by same number, its
equivalent fraction is obtained.
By multiplying with a common number 12 to the numerator and denominator of the
# #×%# #$
fraction
)
= )×%#, we obtain its equivalent fraction )&
#
Another equivalent fraction of is obtained by multiplying common number, 13 to the
)
# %) #& $/
numerator and denominator, × = )'. The reduced form of the fraction, +# is obtained
) %)
$/
on dividing by its common divisor. can be divided by its common divisor, 24, therefore, reduced fraction of the
+#
$/ #
fraction, is .
+# )

Example:
𝟓
The fraction, 𝟐 can also be written by which one of the following options?
% %
(A) × 2 (B) 2 ÷
# #

% %
(C) +2 (D) 2 −
# #
% % *
Solution: (C), + 2 = 2 =
# # #
Fractions in its Lowest Term
The lowest term of a fraction is obtained when HCF of the numerator and denominator is not other than 1. Let a fraction
$*
is , the HCF of its numerator and denominator is 5 , therefore, it can be
#*
expressed into its lowest term on dividing the fraction by its HCF.
!"÷" % !" %
Therefore, = ", the lowest term of $" is ".
$"÷"
Example:
The lowest term of a fraction is obtained when HCF of its numerator and denominator is 2. Find the lowest term
𝟏𝟎𝟐
of
𝟒𝟔
$ "$
(A) (B)
+ $,

",
(C) (D) All of these
$+
"$
Solution: (B), HCF of numerator and denominator is 2, dividing by 2, we get .
$,

Every whole number has 1 as the denominator.

Zero as the numerator is always zero.
The word fraction comes from Latin word fraction.

Like and Unlike Fractions

When two or more fractions have same denominator then they are called like fractions. While unlike fractions do not
have equal denominators.

, $ + , $ +
The fractions, , , are like fractions and $ , + , ! are unlike fractions.
! ! !
Example:
Choose the group of unlike fractions from the following groups of fractions:
+ % " " % ,
(A) , ,
$ $ $
(B) , ,
$ ! -

+ % "
(C) , ,
+ + +
(D) All of these
" % ,
Solution: (B), The fractions , , having unequal denominators. Hence, this is the group of unlike fractions.
$ ! -

Comparison of Fractions
When two or more fractions are given then greater and smaller fractions can be obtained by comparing its
numerators and denominators.

Comparison of Like Fractions

Comparison of two fractions which have same denominator or like fractions is obtained on comparing its numerators,
in other words, if two or more fractions have equal denominators then the greater fraction has greater numerator and
smaller has smaller.
+ %
Fractions and have same denominator, therefore, those having
! !
% +
greater numerator # $ is greater than other #!$.
!
If two or more fractions have equal numerators but different denominators
then those having smaller denominator is greater than other fraction.
Example:
𝟏 𝟑 𝟒
Find the smallest fraction from the following fractions, , , .
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
! ,
(A) (B)
$ $

+
(C) (D) All of these
$
Solution: (B), The denominators of the fractions are equal thus the smaller has smaller numerator.

Comparison of Unlike Fractions

Two or more unlike fractions are compared by comparing its equivalent
fractions with same denominators. The following steps are used to compare
two or more unlike fractions:
Step 1: Find the LCM of denominators of the fractions.
Step 2: Convert the denominator equal to the LCM by multiplying with same
number to those, which do not have denominator equal to the LCM.
Step 3: Now compare the fractions in this way that the greater fraction has greater numerator.
+ % +
Let two unlike fractions,
! $
, are compared as follows, The LCM of both the denominators is 4. Fraction, ! has
%
denominator as same as the LCM but the fraction has different denominators, so it should be multiplied by 2.
$
% $ ,/ + ,/ ,/ %
× = , now both the fractions , have equal denominators, therefore, = is greater than because it has
$ $ ! ! ! ! $
greater numerator.
Example:
𝟕 𝟑 𝟓
Find the biggest fraction from the following fractions, , , .
𝟗 𝟕 𝟑
% +
(A) (B)
- -

"
(C) (D) All of these
+
Solution: (C), The LCM of the fractions is 63, therefore, given fractions are converted into its equivalent fractions in
- - !% + % $- " $,
such a way that their denominators should be equal. Therefore, × = , × = and × =
% - 3+ - % 3+ + $,
,4" !% $- ,4"
3+
thus the equivalent fractions of the given fractions are ,
3+ 3+
, 3+
respectively. Comparing them, we
,4" "
get
3+
= + is the greatest fraction because it has greater numerator.

Addition Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of Fractions

Addition of Like Fractions
Addition of like fractions is the addition of its numerator and denominator
of the resulting fraction is same as the common denominator.
% - "
Like fractions are ,
3, 3, 3,
, , therefore, the addition of the fractions

Additionofnumerators 9 + 7 + 5 21
= = =
Common denominators 61 61
Example:
Find the like fractions from the given fractions and add them:
5 7 1 121 7
, , , ,
2 5 6 2 2
,++ ,+-
(A) (B)
$ +

,+
(C) (D) All of these
$
" - ,$, "5-5,$, ,++
Solution: (A), Like fractions from the given fractions = , , . Their addition = =
$ $ $ $ $
 For the better understanding of the fractions the least common multiple should be known.
Fractions were written without division line in India.

Addition of Unlike Fractions

The following are the steps to perform the addition of unlike fractions:
Step 1: Find the LCM of denominators of the fractions.
Step 2: Using LCM, multiply the numerators and denominators of all the given
fractions such that they have same denominator
Step 3: Add the numerators and write down the addition over common
denominator.
Step 4: Reduce the resulting fraction into its lowest term if necessary.
- %
Let two unlike fractions are and , therefore, LCM of denominators is 8. Now
/ !
one fraction has same denominator as the LCM but other has different, so, to
make it same as LCM, it should be multiplied by 2, thus the equivalent fraction
% $ ,/
is
!
×$= /
.
- ,/ $"
Now the addition = + =
/ / /
Example:
Add the unlike fractions from the given fractions. Choose the correct option for their resulting addition?
𝟑 𝟕 𝟓 𝟑 𝟏
, , , ,
𝟒 𝟐 𝟗 𝟐 𝟖
-$ ,4+
(A) (B)
,4+ -$

-
(C) (D) All of these
,4+
+ " , "!5!45% ,4+
Solution: (B), + + = =
! % / -$ -$

Subtraction of Like Fractions

The subtraction of like fractions is same as its addition except that addition is converted into subtraction.
"3- !"!3
Let two like fractions are ,
!"3 !"3
Subtraction of its numerators
Subtraction =
Common denominators

4546 567 4546 − 567 3979
− = =
456 456 456 456

Example:
Choose like fractions from the given fractions and find the difference between greatest and smallest fractions:
𝟓 𝟔 𝟓 𝟕
, , ,
𝟑 𝟕 𝟗 𝟑
- $
(A) (B)
% +

"
(C) (D) All of these
-
- " - " $
Solution: (B), Like fractions are , and their difference = + − + = +
+ +

Subtraction of Unlike Fractions

Steps to perform the subtraction of unlike fractions:
Step 1: Find the LCM of denominators of the fractions.
Step 2: Convert the fractions into its equivalent fractions in such a way that the denominator
of every fraction should be equal to their LCM.
Step3: Subtract the numerators and write down the subtraction over common denominator.
% /
Let two unlike fractions are, and therefore, LCM of their denominators is 35. Now multiply the fraction by a number
- "
 % !" /
in such a way that denominator should be equal to their LCM. Therefore, the equivalent of is and equivalent of
- +" "
"3 "36!" ,,
is , now their subtraction = = .
+" +" +"
Example:
𝟏𝟏 𝟕
Find the difference between the fractions and
𝟑𝟓 𝟓
+- !"
(A) (B)
+" ,-"

+/
(C) (D) All of these
+"
- ,, !%6,, +/
Solution: (C),
"
− +" = +"
= +"

Multiplication of Fractions
The following are the steps to perform the multiplication of unlike and like fractions:
Step 1: Multiply the numerators by numerator denominators by denominator.
Step 2: Write the answer into lowest term of the resulting fraction.
- "
Let us consider the following unlike fractions , , therefore, multiplication
% ,-
%×" !"
of the fractions = =
-×,- ,,%
3 !
Consider the following like fractions
,% ,%
, ,
Product of numerators 3×! $!
multiplication of the fractions = = =
Product of denominators ,%×,% +3,
Example:
𝟒 𝟓
Find the product of the given fractions and reduce the resulting products into its lowest term ,
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐
:.
" !
(A) (B)
!, !,

"
(C) (D) All of these
+%
! " !×" $4
Solution: (C), Product of the fractions = × ,$ = ,+×,$ = ,"3
,+
The HCF of numerator and denominator = 4, therefore, the lowest or reduced term of the resulting
$4÷! "
product = =
,"3÷! +%

(1) Simplify: 8/9 ÷ 4/3 × 6/8 + 2/4 – 1/2.

(A) 1/2 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
(2) In an auditorium 8/9 of total seats are occupied by people. If the total number of people in the auditorium is
824 then how many number of sheets are there in the auditorium?
(A) 926 (B) 925
(C) 927 (D) All of these
Answer Key
(1) (A) (2) (C)
Division of the Fractions
Division of the fractions is multiplication of dividend by reciprocal of divisor.
3 % 3 % 3 %
Let the fractions are,
!3 +!
, , division of
!3
by
+!
is written as,
!3
÷ +! and division of the
3 % 3 +! $4!
fractions = ÷ +! = !3 × = !,!.
!3 %
+!
The HCF of 204 and 414 is 6 therefore, .
3%
Example:
𝟕 𝟐𝟒
Divide the following fractions, if dividend is and divisor is ?
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
- -
(A) (B)
$ 3

"
(C) (D) All of these
$
- $! - ,3 -
Solution: (B),
!
÷ ,3 = ! × $! = 3

(1) A plastic cane contains 52 litres of vegetable oil. How much oil is left after consuming 3/4 ?
(A) 14 (B) 12
(C) 13 (D) All of these
++
(2) A tub contains litres of milk. How many times a glass has to be filled with milk from the tub to empty it, if
$
+
one glass contains litres of milk?
$
(A) 12 (B) 10
(C) 11 (D) All of these
(3) The cost of a wood piece is Rs 100. What would be the cost of each piece of wood on cutting it into 9 equal
parts?
(A) 11.22 (B) 11.11
(C) 11.23 (D) All of these
(4) Denominator of a fraction is 6 greater than its numerator. If the sum of denominator and numerator is 16 then
find the fraction?
(A) 5/42 (B) 5/11
(C) 8/105 (D) 6/35
Answer Key
(1) (C) (2) (C) (3) (B) (4) (B)
 Solved Examples

Level – 1
(1) Reena dyes dresses. She had to dye 30 dresses. She has so far finished 20 dresses. What fraction of dresses has
she finished?
Solution: Total number of dresses to be dyed = 30
Number of dresses finished = 20
∴ Required fraction of finished dresses = 20/30 = 2/3
(2) What fraction of these circles have X's in them?
Solution: Total number of circles = 8;
Number of circles having X's = 4
∴ Required fraction = 1/2
(3) Put the appropriate sign in following pairs.
3 5 1 1 3 0 5 7
, , ,
7 7 9 5 8 8 18 18
Solution: After putting the appropriate signs, we have
3 5 1 1 3 0 5 7
< , < , > , <
7 7 9 5 8 8 18 18
(4) Shankar painted 2/3 of the wall space in his room. His sister Madhu helped and painted 1/3 of the wall space. How
much did they paint together?
Solution: Portion of the wall painted by Shankar = 2/3
Portion of the wall painted by Madhu = 1/3
Portion of the wall painted by both = 2/3 + 1/3 = (2+1) / 3 = 3 / 3 = 1
Hence, they painted complete wall together.
(5) Jai was given 5/7 of a basket of oranges. What fraction of oranges was left in the basket?
Solution: Let full basket of oranges = 1 = 7/7
Part of oranges given to Jai = 5/7
∴ Part of oranges left in the basket = 7/7 – 5/7 = (7 – 5) / 7 = 2/7
Hence, 2/7 part of oranges was left in the basket.

(6) Neha's house is 9/10 km from her school. She walked some distance and then took a bus for 1/2 km to reach
theschool. How far did she walk?
Solution: Given, distance of school from Neha's house = 9/2 km
Distance covered by Neha by bus = 1/2 km
∴ Distance covered by Neha by walking = 9/10 – 1/2
LCM of 10 and 2 = 10
9 1 9×1 1×5 9 5 9−5 4 2
− = − = − = = = km
10 2 10 × 1 2 × 5 10 10 10 10 5

(7) Fractions 15/39 and 45/117 are equivalent fractions. (True/ False)
Solution: True, because product of 15 and 117 = 15 × 117 = 1755 and product of 39 and 45 = 39 × 45 = 1755 Hence,
15/39 and 45/117 are equivalent fractions.
(8) The sum of two fractions is always a fraction. (True/ False)
Solution: False, e.g. let two fractions be 3/2 and 5/2.
Now, sum of 3/2 and 5/2 = 3/2 + 5/2 = 8/2 = 4, which is a whole number but not a fraction.
(9) The result obtained by subtracting a fraction from another fraction is necessarily a fraction. (True/ False)
Solution: False, e.g. let two fractions be 5/3 and 11/3.
Now, subtract 5/3 from 11/3 = 11/3 – 5/3 = 6/3 = 2, which is a whole number but not a fraction.
(10) If an object is divided into a number of equal parts, then each part represents a fraction. (True/ False)
Solution: True, Let a whole number be 4 and equal part of 4 = 2, 2
Total number of equal parts = 2
∴ Required fraction = 2/4 = 1/2
(11) Aman divided one fruit cake equally among six persons. What part of the cake he gave to each person?
Solution: Given, total number of fruit cake = 1
Here, Aman divided one fruit cake equally among six persons.
∴ The part of cake given to one person = 1/6.
Hence, the required part is 1/6.
(12) Three equivalent fractions of 2/3 are:
Solution: Equivalent fractions of 2/3 are
2×2 4 2×3 6 2×4 8 4 6 8
= , = , = i.e. , , ,
3 × 2 6 3 × 3 9 3 × 4 12 6 9 12
(13) A small tank is 2/5 full of water. The water is then poured into a large empty tank which has a capacity that is twice
that of the small tank. What fraction of the large tank is filled with water?
Solution: Let capacity of small tank be x.
∴ Capacity of large tank will be 2x
Water in small tank = 2/5 x
∴ Required fraction = 2x/5 ÷ 2x = 1/5
(14) How many fifths are there in
1 3
3 +4
5 5
Solution: We have,
1 3 16 23 39
3 +4 = + =
5 5 5 5 5
So, there are 39 fifths.

Level – 2

(1) Express the following as mixed fractions.

(i) 20/3 (ii) 11/5 (iii) 17/7
Solution: (i) We have, 20/3, On dividing 20 by 3, we get quotient = 6, remainder = 2
20 2
∴ =6
3 3
(ii) We have, 11/5, On dividing 11 by 5, we get quotient = 2, remainder = 1
11 1
∴ =2
5 5
(iii) We have, 11/7, On dividing 17 by 7, we get quotient = 2, remainder = 3
17 3
∴ =2
7 7
(2) Find the equivalent fraction of 36/48 with
(i) numerator 9 (ii) denominator 4’
Solution: Let N stands for the numerator and D stands for the denominator.
Given, numerator of an equivalent fraction = 9
9 36
∴ =
D 48
⇒ 9 × 48 = D × 36 [by cross product] ⇒ D = (9 × 48) / 36 = 12 ⇒ D = 12
∴ Required equivalent fraction of 36/48 = N/D = 9/12
(b) Given, denominator of an equivalent fraction = 4
N 36
∴ =
4 48
⇒ N × 48 = 4 × 36 [by cross product] ⇒ N = (4 × 36) / 48 = 3 ⇒ N = 3
∴ Required equivalent fraction of 36/48 = N/D = 3/4
(3) Check whether the given fractions are equivalent.
" +4 + ,$ - "
(i) ,
% "!
(ii) ,
,4 "4
(iii) ,
,+ ,,
Solution: (i) We have, 5/9 and 30/54, Now, 5 × 54 = 270 and 30 x 9 = 270
∵ 270 = 270 [by cross product]
∴ 5/9 and 30/54 are equivalent fractions.
(ii) We have, 3/10 and 12/50, Now, 3 × 50 = 150 and 10 × 12 = 120
But 150 ≠ 120 [by cross product]
∴ 3/10 and 12/50 are not equivalent fractions.
(iii) We have, 7/13 and 5/11, Now, 7 × 11 = 77 and 13 × 5 = 65
But 77 ≠ 65 [by cross product]
∴ 7/13 and 5/11 are not equivalent fractions.
(4) Ramesh had 20 pencils, Sheelu had 50 pencils and Jamaal had 80 pencils. After 4 months, Ramesh used up 10
pencils, Sheelu used up 25 pencils and Jamaal used up 40 pencils. What fraction did each use up? Check if each has
used up an equal fraction of her/his pencils?
Solution: Here, fraction of pencils used by Ramesh = 10/20
 Fraction of pencils used by Sheelu = 25/50 and fraction of pencils used by Jamaal = 40/80
,4 ,4÷,4 ,
Now,
$4
=
$4÷,4
= $ [∵ HCF of 10 and 20 is 10]
$" $"÷$" ,
"4
= "4÷$" = $ [∵ HCF of 25 and 50 is 25]
!4 !4÷!4 ,
And = /4÷!4 = $ [∵ HCF of 40 and 80 is 40]
/4
,4 $" !4 ,
Thus, = "4 = /4 = $
$4
(5) Find answers to the following. Write and indicate how you solved them.
(i) Is 5/9 equal to 4/5 (ii) Is 9/16 equal to 5/9
Solution: (i) LCM of 9 and 5 = 45
5 5 × 5 25 4 4 × 9 36
Now, = = and = =
9 9 × 5 45 5 5 × 9 45
Since, both fractions are like fractions but
25 36 5 4
≠ ∴ ≠
45 45 9 5
(ii) LCM of 16 and 9 = 144
9 9×9 81 5 5 × 16 80
Now, = = and = =
16 16 × 9 144 9 9 × 16 144
Since, both fractions are like fractions but
81 80 9 5
≠ ∴ ≠
144 144 16 9
(6) Asha and Samuel have book shelves of the same size partly filled with books. Asha's shelf is 5/6th full and Samuel's
shelf is 2/5th full. Whose book shelf is more full? By what fraction?
Solution: The portion of Asha's shelf filled by books = 5/6 part and the portion of Samuel's shelf filled by books =2/5
part. Now, LCM of 6 and 5 = 30
Equivalent fractions of 5/6 are
5×2 5×3 5×4 5×5 10 15 20 25
, , , , … 𝑖. 𝑒. , , , , …
6×2 6×3 6×4 6×5 12 18 24 30
and equivalent fractions of 2/5 are
2×2 2×3 2×4 2×5 2×6 4 6 8 10 12
, , , , , … 𝑖. 𝑒. , , , , , …
5×2 5×3 5×4 5×5 5×6 10 15 20 25 30
Here, equivalent fractions 12/30 and 25/30 have same denominator.
25 12 5 2
∴ > 𝑖. 𝑒. >
30 30 6 5
5 2 25 12 25 − 12 13
− = − = =
6 5 30 30 30 30
Hence, Asha's book shelf is more fall by fraction 13/30.
(7) Convert 2009 paise to rupees and express the result as a mixed fraction.
Solution: We know that, 1 paise = 1/100 rupees
∴ 2009 paise =2009/100 rupees = ₹20.09
When, we divide 2009 by 100, we get Quotient =20 and Remainder =9
2009 9
∴ = 20
100 100
(8) It was estimated that because of people switching to Metro trains, about 33000 tonnes of CNG, 3300 tonnes of
diesel and 21000 tonnes of petrol was saved by the end of year 2007. Find the fraction of
(i) the quantity of diesel saved to the quantity of petrol saved.
(ii) the quantity of diesel saved to the quantity of CNG saved.
Solution: Given, quantity of CNG saved = 33000 tonnes
Quantity of diesel saved = 3300 tonnes and quantity of petrol saved = 21000 tonnes
Quantity of diesel saved 3300 33
(i)Requried fraction = = =
Quantity of petrol saved 21000 210
HCF of 33 and 210 = 3
33 33 ÷ 3 11
∴ = =
210 210 ÷ 3 70
Quantity of diesel saved 3300 33
(ii) Requried fraction = = =
Quantity of CNG saved 33000 330
HCF of 33 and 330 = 33
33 33 ÷ 33 1
∴ = =
330 330 ÷ 33 10
(9) Write the fraction representing the total number of natural numbers in the collecting of numbers -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3.
What fraction will it be for whole numbers? What fraction will it be for integers?
Solution: Given, the collection of numbers are -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3.
Total integer numbers = 7, Total natural numbers = 3
Total natural numbers 3
∴ Requried fraction = =
Total integer numbers 7
Now, in the given numbers, total whole numbers = 4
Total natural numbers 4
∴ Requried fraction = =
Total integer numbers 7
Again, fraction will be for integers
Total natural numbers 7
∴ Requried fraction = =
Total integer numbers 7
" "
(10) Naina was given 1 % piece of cake and Najma was given 1 & piece of cake. Find the total amount of cake was given
to both of them.
"
Solution: Cake given to Naina = 1 % piece;
"
Cake given to Najma = 1 & piece
" "
Total cake given to both of them = 1 % + 1 &
1×2×1 1×3+1 3 4
= + = +
2 3 2 3
LCM of 2 and 3 = 6
3 4 3 × 3 4 × 2 9 8 9 + 8 17
∴ + = + = + = =
2 3 2×3 3×2 3 6 6 6
Hence, total cake given to both of them = 17/6 piece.
(11) The value of
1 3 1 1 1
3 − P1 + Q2 − R1 − STU
12 4 2 2 3
Solution: We have,
37 7 5 3 1
= − P + Q − R − STU
12 4 2 2 3
37 7 5 9−2
= −P +Q −R STU
12 4 2 6
37 7 15 − 7 37 7 8
= −P +Q TU = −P + U
12 4 6 12 4 6
37 21 + 16 37 37
= −P U= − =0
12 12 12 12
(12) Fill in the boxes
5 1 1 1
(i) − = (ii) − =
8 4 5 2
Solution: (i) Here, 5/8 is subtracted from missing fraction to get 1/4. This means addition of 5/8 and 1/4 gives the
missing fraction.
1 5 2 5 2+5 7
∴ Missing fraction = + = + = =
4 8 8 8 8 8
(ii) Here, 1/5 is subtracted from missing fraction to get 1/2. This means addition of 1/2 and 1/5 gives the
missing fraction.
1 1 5 2 5+2 7
∴ Missing fraction = + = + = =
2 5 10 10 10 10
(13) Solve:
, , / + - "
(i) + ,/ (ii) ," + ,", (iii) - − -
,/
Solution: (i) We have
1 1 1+1 2 1
+ = = =
18 18 18 18 9
(ii) We have
8 3 8 + 3 11
+ = =
15 15 15 15
(iii) We have
7 5 7−5 2
+ = =
7 7 7 7
(14) In a class A of 25 students, 20 passed in first class; in another class B of 30 students, 24 passed in first class. In
which class, was a greater fraction of students getting first class?
Solution: Fraction of students, who got first class in class A
20 20 ÷ 5 4
= = =
25 25 ÷ 5 5
Fraction of students, who got first class in class B
24 24 ÷ 6 4
= = =
30 30 ÷ 6 5
20 24 4
∵ = =
25 30 5
So, it is clear that an equal fractions of students got first class in both the classes
(15) Compare the fractions and put an appropriate sign.
& - " " ' -
(i) , , (ii) $ ' (iii) - -
Solution: (i) Here, denominators are same of both fractions. So, fractionhaving smaller numerator will be smaller.
3 5
∴ <
6 6
(ii) Here, numerators are same of both fractions. So, fraction having smaller denominator will be greater.
1 1
∴ <
7 4
(iii) Here, denominators are same of both fractions. So, fraction having smaller numerator will be smaller.
4 5
∴ <
5 5

HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS)

(1) What should be placed in the empty space '?' so that the sum of fractions on each side of the triangle is same?
, " " ,, , $ ,,
Solution:
,"
+ ," + ," = ," and ," + ? + ," = ,"
1 8 2 11
+ + =
15 15 15 15
8
∴? =
15
(2) Write the fractions. Are all these fractions equivalent?

(a)

(b)
Solution: (a) (i) Total number of equal parts = 2; Number of shaded parts = 1
∴ Fraction for shaded portion = 1/2
(ii) Total number of equal parts = 4; Number of shaded parts = 2
∴ Fraction for shaded portion = 2/4
(iii) Total number of equal parts = 6; Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction for shaded portion = 3/6
Since, all fractions in simplest form are same.
1 2 3
∴ = =
2 4 6
i.e.the fractions are equivalent.
(b) (i) Total number of equal parts = 12; Number of shaded parts = 4
∴ Fraction for shaded portion = 4/12
(ii) Total number of equal parts = 9; Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction for shaded portion = 3/9
 (iii) Total number of equal parts = 6; Number of shaded parts = 2
∴ Fraction for shaded portion = 2/6
Here, all the fractions in simplest form are same. So,
4 3 2
= =
12 9 6
i.e.the fractions are equivalent.
(3) Write the fractions and pair up the equivalent fractions.

Solution: (a) Here, total number of equal parts = 2; Number of shaded parts = 1
∴ Fraction represented by the shaded portion = 1/2 [simplest form]
(b) Here, total number of equal parts = 6; Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction represented by the shaded portion = 3/6 = 1/2 [simplest form]
(c) Here, total number of equal parts = 9; Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction represented by the shaded portion = 3/9 = 1/3 [simplest form]
(d) Here, total number of equal parts = 8; Number of shaded parts = 2
∴ Fraction represented by the shaded portion = 2/8 = 1/4 [simplest form]
There is no equivalent fractions.
(4) Reduce the following fractions to simplest form.
!/ ,"4
(a) , (b) 34
34
Solution: (a) We have, 48/60
Now, factors of 48 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 × 2 and factors of 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
Common factors = 2, 2 and 3
HCF of 48 and 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12
48 48 ÷ 12 4
∴ = =
60 60 ÷ 12 5
Hence, simplest form of the fraction 48/60 is 4/5
(b) We have, 150/60
Now, factors of 150 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 and factors of 60 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 2
Common factors = 2, 3 and 5
HCF of 150 and 60 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
150 150 ÷ 30 5
∴ = =
60 60 ÷ 30 2
Hence, simplest form of the fraction 150/60 is 5/2
(5) Write these fractions appropriately as additions or subtractions

(a)

(b)
Solution: (a) In first figure, fraction for shaded portion = 1/5
In second figure, fraction for shaded portion = 2/5
and in third figure, fraction for shaded portion = 3/5
Here, third figure represents more shaded portion than first and second figures. So
1 2 1+2 3
+ = =
5 5 5 5
(b) In first figure, fraction for shaded portion = 1 or 5/5
In second figure, fraction for shaded portion = 3/5
and in third figure, fraction for shaded portion = 2/5
Here, third figure represents less shaded portion than first and second figure. So
 3 5−3 2
1 − = =
5 5 5
(6) Jaidev takes 11/5 minutes to walk across the school ground. Rahul takes 7/4 minutes to do the same. Who takes
less time and by what fraction?
Solution: Time taken by Jaidev to walk across the school ground = 11/5 min
and time taken by Rahul to walk across the school ground = 7/4 min
Now, equivalent fractions of 11/5 are
11 × 2 11 × 3 11 × 4 11 × 5 22 33 44 55
, , , , … i. e. , , , , …
5×2 5×3 5×4 5×5 10 15 20 25
and equivalent fractions of 7/4 are
7×2 7×2 7×3 7×4 7×5 14 21 28 35
, , , , , … 𝑖. 𝑒. , , , , …
4×2 4×2 4×3 4×4 4×5 8 12 16 20
Here, equivalent fractions 44/20 and 35/20 have same denominators.
∵44>35
44 35 11 7
∴ > 𝑖. 𝑒. >
20 20 5 4
11 7 44 35 44 − 35 9
− = − = =
5 4 20 20 20 20
Hence, Rahul takes less time by 9/20 min.
(7) Solve.
(i) Suyash bought 5/2 kg of sugar and Ashish bought 7/2 kg. How much sugar did they buy altogether? If sugar costs
32 rupees per kg, how much did they spend on the sugar they bought?
(ii) Aradhana grows potatoes in 2/5 part of her garden, greens in 1/3 part and brinjals in the remaining part. On how
much of her plot did she plant brinjals?
Solutionr: (i) The amount of sugar they bought altogether = 5/2 + 7/2 = 12/2 = 6kg
Now, cost of 1 kg of sugar = Rs 32
Therefore, the cost of 6 kg of sugar is = 6 × 32 = Rs 192
Hence, they spend Rs 192 on the sugar they bought.
(ii) The part of the garden in which Aradhana grew brinjals is given by 1 − 2/5 − 1/3
= 15/15 – 6/15 – 5/15 = 15/15 – 11/15 = 4/15
Hence, Aradhana grew brinjals in 4/15 part of her garden.
 Exercise

FILL IN THE BLANKS

"
(1) 13 is a _______ fraction.
,/
" +
(2) and are _______ proper fractions.
/ /
3 3
(3) and are _______ proper fractions.
,, ,+
(4) A number representing a part of a _______ is called a fraction.
(5) A fraction with denominator greater than the numerator is called a _______ fraction.
(6) Fractions with the same denominators are called _______ fractions.
,- ,$
(7) _______
,4, ,4,
(8) The fraction 17/34 in simplest form is _______.
(9) The fraction 6/15 in simplest form is _______.
(10) When 1/4 is written with denominator as 12, its numerator is _______.
(11) The value of 1 + 2/3 is _______.
(12) 18/5 is an _______ fraction.
(13) 18/135 and 90/675 are proper, unlike and _______ fraction.
(14) 87/7 is equal to the mixed fraction _______.
(15) 23/3 is equal to the mixed fraction _______

TRUE OR FALSE
(1) Fractions with same numerator are called like fraction.
(2) Fraction 18/39 is in its lowest form.
(3) Fractions 15/39 and 45/117 are equivalent fractions
(4) The sum of two fractions is always a proper fraction.
(5) The result obtained by subtracting a fraction from another fraction is necessarily a fraction.
(6) If a whole or an object is divided into a number of equal parts, then each part represents a fraction
(7) In 25/7, 3 is the part of whole.
(7) On a number line, 2/7 is to the right of zero.
(9) 2/5 is smaller than 1/5.
(10) 28/45 and 3/5 represent equivalent fractions.
(11) All fractions can be expressed as mixed fraction.
(12) Mean can never be a fraction.
(13) Improper Fraction always has a value of less than one.
(14) Every rational number is a proper fraction.
(15) Every improper fraction can be converted into mixed fraction.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION

(1) The fraction which is not equal to 4/5 is
(A) 40/50 (B) 12/15
(C) 16/20 (D) 9/15
(2) The fraction which is equal to 2/3 is
(A) 4/6 (B) 20/50
(C) 6/8 (D) 8/11
(3) The fraction which is not equal to 7/9 is
(A) 14/18 (B) 21/15
(C) 21/27 (D) 28/36
(4) The eqivalent fractions of 9/11 are
(A) 2/3,4/5,18/22 (B) 12/13, 13/14, 14/15
(C) 18/22, 27/33, 36/44 (D) 18/22, 27/33, 34/44
(5) The sum of 4/17 and 15/17 is
(A) 19/17 (B) 11/17
(C) 19/34 (D) 2/17
(6) The sum of 4/7 and 3/7 is
(A) 1/7 (B) 3/4
(C) 4/3 (D) 1
(7) On subtracting 5/9 from 19/9, the result is
(A) 24/9 (B) 14/9
(C) 14/18 (D) 14/0
(8) On Subtracting 1/3 from 1/2, the result is
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/3
(C) 1/12 (D) 1/6
(9) If 5/8 = 20/p, then value of p is
(A) 23 (B) 2
(C) 32 (D) 16
(10) If k/2 = 3/2, then value of k is
(A) 3 (B) 6
(C) 2 (D) 1
(11) If 5/k = 20/p, then value of k/p is
(A) 1/5 (B) 1/4
(C) 20/5 (D) ½
(12) What fraction of an hour is 40 minutes?
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/3
(C) 2/3 (D) 1/4
(13) What fraction of an hour is 30 minutes?
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/3
(C) 2/3 (D) 1/4
(14) What fraction of an hour is 20 minutes?
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/3
(C) 2/3 (D) 1/4
(15) Which of the following is INCORRECT?
(A) 3/4 > 2/3 (B) 4/5 > 1/3
(C) 9/7 > 1 (D) 1/2 < 1/4
(16) Which of the following is CORRECT?
(A) 1/2 > 2/3 (B) 1/5 > 1/3
(C) 1/2 > 1/3 (D) 1/2 < 1/4
(17) On subtracting 5/29 from 9/29, the result is:
(A) 4/9 (B) 14/9
(C) 14/29 (D) 4/29
(18) 11/7 can be expressed in the form
, ,
(A) 7 (B) 4
! -
! ,
(C) 1 (D) 11
- -
(19) 10/3 can be expressed in the form
, $
(A) 3 (B) 3
+ +
, $
(C) 1 (D) 1
+ +
'
(20) The mixed fraction 5 $ can be expressed as
(A) 33/7 (B) 39/7
(C) 33/4 (D) 39/4
'
(21) The mixed fraction 4! can be expressed as
(A) 36/9 (B) 40/9
(C) 36/4 (D) 40/4
(22) Which of the following fractions is the greatest?
(A) 5/7 (B) 5/6
 (C) 5/9 (D) 5/8
(23) Which of the following fractions is the greatest?
(A) 11/12 (B) 11/13
(C) 11/14 (D) 11/15
(24) Which of the following fractions is the smallest?
(A) 7/8 (B) 9/8
(C) 3/8 (D) 5/8
(25) Which of the following fractions is the smallest?
(A) 13/18 (B) 13/8
(C) 13/28 (D) 13/38
(26) Sum of 4/17 and 15/17 is
(A) 19/17 (B) 11/17
(C) 19/34 (D) 2/17
"
(27) The fraction % lies between
, , ,
(A) and (B) and 1
+ ! +
, ,
(C) 0 and (D) and 1/5
+ !
+
(28) The fraction lies between
-
$ ! , $
(A) and (B) and
- - - -
! ! "
(C) and 1 (D) and
- - -
(29) Which of the fraction lies between 1/3 and 3/5.
, !
(A) (B)
! "
! $
(C)
,"
(D)
"

(30) Which of the fraction does not lie between 3/10 and 7/10.
$ ,
(A) (B)
" "
+ !
(C) (D)
" "

ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

Directions: The questions in this segment consists of two statements, one labelled as "assertion and the other labelled
as "reason You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the assertion A and reason R are
individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. Select your answers to these
items using codes given below.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true
(1) Assertion (A): 3/7 is obtained when we divide a whole into seven equal parts and take three parts
Reason (R): A fraction is a number representing part of a whole.
(2) Assertion (A): 5/2 is obtained when we divide a whole into five equal parts and three parts
Reason (R): A fraction is a number representing part of a whole.
(3) Assertion (A): The equivalent fraction of 20/36 with denominator 9 is 5/9
Reason (R) - Equivalent fractions are two or more fractions that are all equal
(4) Assertion (A): 7/27 is a like fraction
Reason (R): Fractions with same denominators are called like fractions.
(5) Assertion (A): 8/15 is a like fraction
Reason (R): Fractions with same denominators are called like fractions.

CASE BASED TYPE QUESTIONS

Directions: Read the passage(s) given below and answer the questions that follow.
My elder sister divided a watermelon into 18 parts. I ate 7 out of them. My friend ate 4.
(i) How much did we eat between us?
(A) 7/18 (B) 12/18
(C) 11/18 (D) 9/18
(ii) How much more of watermelon did I eat as compared to my friend?
(A) 3/18 (B) 5/18
(C) 4/18 (D) 7/18
(iii) What amount of watermelon remained?
(A) 5/18 (B) 4/18
(C) 7/18 (D) 3/18

STATEMENT BASED QUESTIONS

Directions: Read the following two statements carefully and choose the correct options
(A) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.
(B) Statement 1 is true but Statement 2 is false.
(C) Statement 1 is false but Statement 2 is true.
(D) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are false.
, + ,
(1)Statement 1: Mrs. Soni bought 7 litres of milk. Out of this, 5 liters were consumed.1 liters of milk are left with
$ ! +
her.
+
Statement 2: Amit reads of a book. He finds that there are still 80 pages left to be read. Total number of pages in the
"
book is 200.

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

(1) Write the fraction representing the shaded portion.

(2) Write the fraction representing the unshaded portion.

(3) Arya, Abhimanyu and Vivek shared lunch. Arya has brought two sandwiches, one made of vegetable and one of
jam. The other two boys forgot to bring their lunch. Arya agreed to share his sandwiches so that each person will have
an equal share of each sandwich.
(a) How can Arya divide his sandwiches so that each person has an equal share?
(b) What part of a sandwich will each boy receive?
(4) Express the following as improper fractions.
+ 3 " +
(a) 7 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 10
! - 3 "
(5) Express the following as mixed fractions.
,+ ,+ ++ ++
(a) (b) (c) (d)
$ + " !
(6) Find the equivalent fraction of 3/5 having
(a) denominator 20 (b) numerator 9 (c) denominator 30 (d) numerator 27
(7) Solve:
$ , + - ! $ " ,
(a)
+
+- (b)
,4
+ ," (
%
+ -c) (d)
-
++
(8) Solve:
$ , + ! ! $ " ,
(a) −3 (b) − ," (c) −- (d) −+
+ ,4 % -
(9) Solve:
, $ + $ ! + ," ,!
(a) ×- (b) × ," (c) ×- (d) ×
+ ,4 % - +
(10) Solve:
! " +4 $ " $" ,+ ,
(a) ÷3 (b) ÷ ,! (c) ÷ +3 (d) ÷$
+ - % -
(11) Write a pair of fractions whose sum is 7/11 and difference is 2/11.
(12) Write a pair of fractions whose sum is 8/13 and difference is 4/13.
, $ 8 ,
(13) Find the value of k, if
$ "
+ + ,4, = !.
,
(14) If k = 1/3, then find the value of
$
+k − k × %-.
, ,
(15) Shubham reads part of a book in 1 hour. How much part of the book will he read in 2 hours?
+ "
,
(16) A pharmacist counts 24 tablets and puts them into a bottle. Each tablet weighs of a gram and the weight of the
!
,
bottle is 112 grams. Find the total weight(in grams).
$
, ,
(17) How many boards of length 2 feet can be cut from a piece of a wooden log that measures 27 feet in length ?
$ $

, 9: , th
(18) A person wanted to draw water from a well with a bucket. If # $ of the rope is in the water, # $ of the rope is
+ "
inside the well, but not in the water and 14m of the rope is outside the well, then what is the total length of the rope?
- +
(19) Michael finished colouring a picture in hour. Vaibhav finished colouring the same picture in hour. Who worked
,$ !
longer and by how much ?
(20) It was estimated that because of people switching to metro trains, about 33000 tons of CNG 3300 tons of diesel
and 21000 tons of petrol was saved by the end of year 2007. find the fraction of
(i) the quantity of diesel saved to the quantity of petrol saved
(ii) the quantity of diesel saved to the quantity of CNG saved
(21) Fill in the missing fractions.
- + + " + + " ,$
(a) − = ,4 (b) − $, = $, (c) − 3 = 3 (d) + $- = $-
,4
For more questions, please scan below given QR codes

Level – 1 Level – 2
 Answer Key

FILL IN THE BLANKS

(1) Mixed (6) Like (11) 5
3
(2) Like (7) > (12) Improper
(3) Unlike (8) ½ (13) Equivalent
(4) Whole (9) 2/5 (14) 3
12
7
(5) Proper (10) 3 (15) 2
7
3

TRUE OR FALSE
(1) False (6) True (11) False
(2) False (7) True (12) False
(3) True (8) True (13) False
(4) False (9) False (14) False
(5) False (10) False (15) True

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
(D) (A) (B) (C) (A) (D) (B) (D) (C) (A)
(11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20)
(B) (C) (A) (B) (D) (C) (D) (C) (A) (B)
(21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30)
(B) (B) (A) (C) (D) (A) (B) (A) (D) (B)

ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(A) (D) (A) (D) (D)

CASE BASED TYPE QUESTIONS

(i) (ii) (iii)
(C) (A) (C)

STATEMENT BASED QUESTIONS

(1) (B)

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

(1) (i) 1/2 (ii) 8/9 (iii) 1/2 (iv) 1/4
(2) 2/3, 1/2, 1/6
(3) Total number of sandwiches = 2 and Total number of boys = 3
(a) In 3 equal parts
(b) 1/3 part of a sandwich.
(4) +, LM ,- "+
(a) (b) (c) (d)
! N 3 "

(5) , , + ,
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
$ + " !
(6) ,$ % ,/ $-
(a) (b) (c) (d)
$4 ," +4 !"
(7) ,- $+ !3 $$
(a) (b) (c) (d)
$, +4 3+ $,
(8) , , ,4 /
(a) (b) (c) (d)
$ +4 3+ $,
(9) $ # !
(a) (b) (c) (d) 10
$, $% $,

(10) / ! $3
(a) (b) 30 (c) (d)
" " -
(11) 9/22 and 5/22
(12) 6 2
and
13 13
(13) K=1
(14) 7
10
(15) 11
15
(16) 1
118
2
(17) 11 boards
(18) 30 m
(19) "
Vaibhav worked longer by , hours.
(20) (i) Fraction of quantity of diesel saved to the quantity of petrol saved is 11/70.
(ii) Fraction of quantity of diesel saved to the quantity of CNG saved is 1/10
(21) $ / -
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d)
" $, $-