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Lecture 8-RLC Circuits

This document provides information about series AC circuits. It discusses how an AC circuit differs from a DC circuit in that an AC circuit includes resistance, inductance and capacitance. Inductance and capacitance offer opposition to current flow known as reactance. It also notes that the magnitude of current is affected by supply frequency since reactance depends on frequency. The document includes phasor diagrams demonstrating voltage and current relationships in R-L, R-C and R-L-C series circuits. It concludes with example problems and their step-by-step solutions.

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MAENYA BRUCE OYONDI
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67 views

Lecture 8-RLC Circuits

This document provides information about series AC circuits. It discusses how an AC circuit differs from a DC circuit in that an AC circuit includes resistance, inductance and capacitance. Inductance and capacitance offer opposition to current flow known as reactance. It also notes that the magnitude of current is affected by supply frequency since reactance depends on frequency. The document includes phasor diagrams demonstrating voltage and current relationships in R-L, R-C and R-L-C series circuits. It concludes with example problems and their step-by-step solutions.

Uploaded by

MAENYA BRUCE OYONDI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

EEE/ETI 1202

CIRCUITS & NETWORK THEORY I

LECTURE 8

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Series A.C. Circuits
• An a.c. circuit differs from a d.c. circuit in many respects.

• First, in a d.c. circuit we consider resistances only whereas in an a.c. circuit, in


addition to resistance (R), inductance (L) and capacitance (C) also play the part.

• The elements L and C offer opposition (i.e. XL and XC) to current flow in an a.c.
circuit.

• Secondly, the magnitude of current in an a.c. circuit is affected by the supply


frequency because XL (=2πfL) and XC (=1/2πfC) are frequency dependent.
However, such a situation is not encountered in a d.c. circuit.

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Practice Questions

• Qn. A coil, having both resistance and inductance, has a total effective impedance of 50 W
and the phase angle of the current through it with respect to the voltage across it is 45°
lag. The coil is connected in series with a 40 W resistor across a sinusoidal supply. The
circuit current is 3A. Find (i) supply voltage and (ii) circuit phase angle

• Qn. A capacitor of 8 µF takes a current of 1A when alternating voltage applied across it is


250 V. Calculate (i) frequency of the applied voltage (ii) the resistance to be connected in
series with the capacitor to reduce the current in the circuit to 0.5 A at the same frequency
(iii) phase angle of the resulting circuit

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Solution

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R-L Series A.C. Circuit
• In an a.c. circuit containing inductance L and resistance R, the applied voltage V is the
phasor sum of VR and VL, and thus the current I lags the applied voltage V by an angle
lying between 0° and 90° (depending on the values of VR and VL), shown as angle. In any
a.c. series circuit the current is common to each component and is thus taken as the
reference phasor.

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R–C series a.c. circuit
• .In an a.c. series circuit containing capacitance C and resistance R, the applied
voltage V is the phasor sum of VR and VC and thus the current I leads the applied
voltage V by an angle lying between 0◦ and 90◦ (depending on the values of VR
and VC), shown as angle α.

10
R–L–C series a.c. circuit
• In an a.c. series circuit containing resistance R, inductance L and capacitance C,
the applied voltage V is the phasor sum of VR, VL and VC . VL and VC are anti-
phase, i.e. displaced by 180◦, and there are three phasor diagrams possible —
each depending on the relative values of VL and VC.

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Practice Questions
• Qn. A coil of inductance 159.2mH and resistance 20Ω is connected in series with
a 60Ω resistor to a 240V, 50 Hz supply. Determine (a) the impedance of the
circuit, (b) the current in the circuit, (c) the circuit phase angle, (d) the p.d. across
the 60 resistor and (e) the p.d. across the coil.

• Qn. A capacitor C is connected in series with a 40Ω resistor across a supply of frequency
60 Hz. A current of 3A flows and the circuit impedance is 50Ω. Calculate (a) the value of
capacitance, C, (b) the supply voltage, (c) the phase angle between the supply voltage and
current, (d) the p.d. across the resistor, and (e) the p.d. across the capacitor.

• Qn. A coil of resistance 5Ω and inductance 120mH in series with a 100 μF capacitor, is
connected to a 300V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate (a) the current flowing, (b) the phase
difference between the supply voltage and current, (c) the voltage across the coil and (d)
the voltage across the capacitor.
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• Qn. A coil consists of a resistance of 100Ω and an inductance of 200 mH. If an
alternating voltage, v, given by v=200 sin 500t volts is applied across the coil, calculate
(a) the circuit impedance, (b) the current flowing, (c) the p.d. across the resistance, (d) the
p.d. across the inductance and (e) the phase angle between voltage and current.

• Qn. 2. A 230 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply is applied to a coil of 0.06 H inductance and 2.5Ω
resistance connected in series with a 6·8 µF capacitor. Calculate (i) impedance (ii) current
(iii) phase angle between current and voltage (iv) power factor and (v) power consumed.

• Qn. 3. A resistor R in series with a capacitor C is connected to 50 Hz, 240V source. Find
the value of C so that R absorbs 300W and voltage across R is 100V. Also find the
maximum charge and the maximum stored energy in C.
• Qn. 4. A coil consists of a resistance of 100 Ω and an inductance of 200 mH. If an
alternating voltage, given by v = 200 sin 500t volts is applied across the coil, calculate,
the current flowing in the circuit and the p.d. across the resistance, and the inductance.
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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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