STRETCHMARKS

& SCARS
Skin Camouflage

TRAINING MANUAL
 Contents
Module 1 INTRODUCTION

Introduction to the Stretch Mark Camouflage

treatment
YOUR PMU CLASS
Module 2 ALL ABOUT SKIN
2.1 Skin conditions

Upgrade your knowledge of skin layers and learn

in which layer we insert the pigments. By learning
about stretch marks & scars you will know when
to treat and what can occur during the treatment.

Module 3 CAMOUFLAGE TREATMENT

Which areas we treat, the importance of good

pictures, marketing lectures are just a few

features of Module 3.

Module 4 DEVICE PRESENTATION

4.1 Needle depth & angles

Module 4 is one of the most important ones.

You will learn how to use your device, set up the
needle and how to hold the device – and yes, it
matters how you hold it.

Module 5 CAMOUFLAGE TECHNIQUES

Lining, pixel, fade out..we named just 3 of 7

presented techniques that will upgrade your
knowledge not just for camouflage, but also
for other techniques.

PIGMENTATION &
Module 6
COLORIMETRY

Module 7 HYGIENE CONDITIONS

How to safely perform this treatment is our first

priority. We made sure this section is
interesting as much as others.

Module 8 HEALING AFTER TREATMENTS

When you finish with the treatment 60% of the

work is done. 40% still need to happen in next 30

days of healing phase.

Module 9 FAQ
Answers to all of your questions! …If you will
have any when you are done watching this online
course.

Module 10 PRACTICAL PART WITH

LIVE TREATMENTS

We are constantly adding new videos of treated

areas like belly, buttocks, arms, breasts, etc.
WELCOME
 Welcome

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE TRAINING TEXTBOOK

Understanding Scar Camouflage

Stretch marks and scar camouflage are non-invasive tattooing methods that use
skin-toned ink pigments to disguise and conceal the appearance of stretch marks
and/or scars by filling the areas that are missing color. It requires little to no
downtime but does take, on average, 45-60 days to see the final healed results.
Popular areas that are camouflaged include the breasts, shoulders, stomach, hips,
buttocks, thighs, and knees. Camouflage Tattooing is sometimes called scar
concealment or corrective pigment concealment. Scarring can happen to anyone.

To some, it may mean nothing, but to others, it affects their self-esteem. A flesh-
colored tattoo will not only conceal the scar but also boost self-esteem because
though it is there, it seems not to attract attention by minimizing the discoloration.

COVERING A TATTOO SCAR CAMOUFLAGE BY MATCHING SKIN TONES

Covering a scar with a tattoo scar camouflage is actually considered a type of non-
surgical medical process where a needle is inserted into the scar and deposits inks
that mimics the color of your skin.

We use a pointillism technique to mix and match skin tones to add variety to the
skin to hide the scar. This process needs to be done because the skin isn’t just one
solid color. That’s why this takes great skill to do well.

• We cover everything from skin layers to hygiene conditions as thorough as we

possibly can! Even an experienced esthetician can learn a lot from our course.
• You will learn how to select the right tone for your client without unnecessary color
mixing. Stretch mark camouflage is not a cake recipe, we will teach you the logic
behind it.
• This Course was made to help you conquer the treatment ASAP, to get enough
practice before you graduate and feel confident to start on your own.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 WHAT IS SKIN
CAMOUFLAGE

• Painless • No anesthesia • No change of pigment

With the use of a special pigmentation device, we apply flesh or skin colored
pigment ink into your clients stretch marks, scars,c-section scars, self hurt injuries to
make them appear as less noticeable as possible.

We glide the needles across the surface of the skin to add a light dispersion of flesh
tone color to camouflage the treated area. While the needles are gliding and
pigment is being distributed we also activate new collagen production.

TREATMENT AREAS

→ Stretch Marks
→ Abdominoplasty Scars
→ C-Section scars
→ Breast augmentation scars
→ Self-inflicted scars
→ Skin Discolorations

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



THE ROLE OF CAMOUFLAGING IN PMU

Camouflaging is an important part of the a permanent cosmetic procedure. It helps

to hide such problems as skin color loss, scars, burns, congenital anomalies and
many types of skin diseases. Skin or scar camouflage in most cases is a basic skin
tattooing with the use of flesh pigments of few tones matching patient’s skin. The
specialist performing such procedure must have experience with both physiological
and psychological aspects of working with patient and have knowledge on different
skin types and tissues. Advanced knowledge of coloristics and skin is of great
importance as well.

A reputable, experienced medical tattooist will not work prematurely on scar tissue
because it may cause further damage to the skin. After choosing the right
specialist, it is of great importance to prepare for a future procedure. For such
delicate skin treatment it must be remembered that the scar should be at least 9 to
12 months old with stable color; if it is red or pink or still changing color, the tissue
may still be healing and you will have to give it more time. The scar must be
smooth and flat, camouflage tattooing cannot disguise or correct extreme changes
in skin texture. If the scar or skin area is bumpy or raised, the process may not be
effective as well.

The camouflaging can take two different courses. Either a traditional tattoo can be
applied over the discoloration/scar or the skin can be re-toned to match the
surrounding area.

As tattooing has become mainstream nowadays, no wonder many people choose

this method to convert the problem with the appearance they have into a piece of
art. Plus it is also the only possible way to conceal big scars or to change the
color/shape of nipples after a breast reduction treatment.

Second option is a re-tone or re-coloration of the areas not exposed to the sunlight,
because the skin changes color from UV exposure (even if thoroughly protected by
sun block) and the difference between two skin tones will become visible.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



And be realistic – camouflage tattooing will not completely restore skin to the way it
looked before it was injured. It will not erase a scar or skin abnormality, but it will
surely look less noticeable to other people. Of course a scar camouflage tattoo will
not be a “perfect” match to the surrounding skin color. The pigment in the tattoo will
not darken if it is exposed to sunlight, so the tattoo may appear lighter if the
surrounding skin tans. When the tattoo color matches tanned skin, it may appear
darker once the surrounding tanned skin fades. So a person undergoing such
procedures might need to adjust his/her lifestyle to the new circumstances.

The result can’t be achieved in one tattoo session: camouflage repigmentation is a

complicated process. Since the procedure is performed on a skin that has been
damaged, its response can’t be predicted; a scar or vitiligo patch may have areas
that absorb pigment, reject it, or both. The area will look dark and red immediately
after a tattooing session, and then it takes several weeks to show the healed color.
So it requires time and patience.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE
MODULE 1
 Introduction
MODULE 1

WHAT IS STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE?

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE IS A NON-INVASIVE DISTRIBUTION OF
CAMOUFLAGE PIGMENTS.

The stretch mark scar camouflage tattooing method is very similar to traditional
tattooing, using skin tone inks to repigment scars to be the same colour as the
surrounding skin

WITH THE USE OF THE LATEST DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, WE APPLY SKIN COLORED
CAMOUFLAGE PIGMENTS INTO YOUR STRETCH MARKS, SCARS, C-SECTION
SCARS, SELF INFLICTED INJURIES TO MAKE THEM APPEAR AS LESS NOTICEABLE.
RESULTS ARE SEEN RIGHT AFTER THE TREATMENT, BUT THE SKIN IS STILL
SENSITIVE. FINAL RESULTS CAN BE SEEN AFTER 3-4 WEEKS WHEN THE INK FULLY
DISPERSES AND THE SKIN IS FULLY HEALED.

****30-60% IMPROVEMENT CAN BE SEEN IN JUST ONE SESSION, FOR BEST

RESULTS 3 TREATMENTS ARE RECOMMENDED.****

ADVANTAGES
HOW DOES THE TREATMENT WORK?

Stretch marks begin as reddish or purple lesions. Over time they lose pigmentation.
Dermis is affected by preventing the fibroblasts from forming collagen and elastin
fibers.

We apply skin matched pigment into the stretch marks and scars to make them
appear as less noticeable as possible. The PIGMENT is transferred over ”damaged”
layer of the skin. Results are seen right after the treatment, but the skin is still
sensitive. Final results can be seen after 3-4 weeks when the ink fully disperses and
the skin is fully healed.

WHAT CAN WE TREAT WITH THIS TECHNIQUE?

STRETCH MARKS, ABDOMINOPLASTY SCARS, C-SECTION SCARS, BREAST
AUGMENTATION SCARS, SELF-INFLICTED SCARS

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



SKIN COLOR TATTOO: WHAT IT CAN DO

Will skin camouflage cover an old tattoo scar? Yes it can. This tattoo has an ink
flesh tone. Matching skin color is not easy to do. I know how to assess the color to
add or get rid of in the process.

The following are the things a skin color tattoo can hide:

Scars
Burns
Stretch marks
Skin pigmentation disorders

If you have a scar you want to disguise, skin tone camouflage tattooing is the
safest and most effective way of concealing it.

This process is done by carefully placing a layer of permanent skin-colored ink into
the scar tissue through tattooing or needling. The ink tone and strategy in injecting
it into the skin will help blend the scar into the surrounding skin.

Although this process is effective, it requires maintenance as the ink can change
and fade over time due to sun exposure and aging. You may need a touch up to
keep the scar disguised every 3-5 years.. By doing so, it seems that there is no
sign of your scar being there, it will be less noticeable.

CAN IT COVER ALL SCARS?

A Scar camouflage tattoo can only cover certain types of scars by matching your
skin tone. You must make sure that:

Your scar is fully healed;

The scar does not show any kind of redness;
Your scar is not raised; and
Your scar is more pale/white than the skin surrounding it

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



CAN YOU COVER VITILIGO WITH A SKIN-COLORED TATTOO?

Covering vitiligo with skin-colored tattoo ink or a decorative tattoo may trigger the
Koebner response which may activate this deficiency that will cause it to spread to
other areas. That’s why it isn’t recommended by medical professionals and even
tattoo artists. But it is still possible.

According to umassmed.edu , tattooing this kind of skin condition may trigger it to

spread more to the other parts of the body. Hence, finding the best tattooist that
can handle this skin condition must be a great concern. It’s suggested to start with
a test patch on a small area to see how the body responds to it before committing
to a full area.

CAN YOU COVER SCAR TISSUE WITH A SKIN-COLORED TATTOO?

Yes. It is possible. However, there are several different things to consider to

determine if it is the best option to mask the scar tissue. There are different scar
textures that may or may not need treatments done to address and smooth out the
texture before we add ink for the most natural, camouflaged results.

CAN SKIN-COLORED TATTOOS COVER OLDER TATTOOS?

No and here’s why. It is an option that you can take but as tattoo ink becomes more
translucent to mimic a skin tone, it can never conceal a darker pigmented tattoo
underneath. It is like masking a dark acne scar with a lighter color of concealer
make-up and doesn’t truly hide the darkness underneath.

LASER TREATMENT

What happens now if laser treatment is used on scars? While laser treatments do
work on stretch marks by damaging the skin’s outer layer and forcing it to heal
itself, they do not put tone back into the skin. So almost all clients who get Laser
Treatments for these still have noticeable stretch marks. In fact, many of our clients
have had many laser sessions with little to no improvement.

And there are possible side effects which are:

Hyperpigmentation
Irritating cold sores
Milia or small, white bumps, similar to tiny whiteheads.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



Furthermore, laser treatments can be expensive. Laser Treatments can run $1,000
to $3,000 per session, and can easily end up costing the client over $10,000 overall
without truly addressing the discoloration, only the texture of stretch marks.

PERMANENT MAKEUP ON SCARS

Permanent makeup on scarred marks costs more depending on the type of scar on
the face. Most centers assess the scar first before offering a definite price.
The total cost of the procedure varies greatly per technician and is dependent on
the location and severity of the stretch marks or scar requiring treatment. Studios
can charge anywhere between $500-$2,000 per area.

We require an initial consultation (in-person or virtual) free of charge with zero

pressure, during which the final investment can be determined by a formal quote.
With the leveling up of long-lasting make-up services and micro-pigmentation
equipment that alters the appearance of your face, conceals completely healed
scars, and increases your level of confidence, I can guarantee you the best results.

For example, is there hair in the area where there had been scarring on the
eyebrow? When this happens, covering up the mark with the hair in the area can
help so much in hiding the scar. They need to be completely healed before
accepting another treatment.

SKIN COLOR TATTOO: EFFECTIVENESS

Scar concealment can conceal scars but it cannot remove them. It can be less
visible or invisible depending on the technique and the skill an artist has or the skin
of the one getting it.

The second layer of the skin or the dermis is where the tattoo pigment is deposited.
This is a very stable level beneath the outermost layer, where the tattoo’s ink
settles.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



HOW LONG AFTER SURGERY CAN YOU GET A TATTOO?

If you intend to get a tattoo to cover your surgery scar, you have to make sure it’s
fully healed. According to the peer reviewed studies of the National Health Service,
surgery scars may take six months to up to two years to fully heal, depending on
the depth.

The scar may gradually fade or flatten for up to two years, the period exceeding
that, the scar won’t undergo any change. Here’s a point you need to remember –
scars from surgery is a surgical wound, so you want that to fully heal before opting
for a camouflage tattoo procedure.

A camouflage tattoo procedure itself, or tattooing in general, is an open wound.

That’s why you need to make sure full healing of the scar before having a
camouflage tattoo. It is best to talk to your healthcare provider or a professional
tattoo artist at Studio Conceal before undertaking this procedure.

WHY DO PEOPLE GET CAMOUFLAGE TATTOOS OVER SCAR TISSUE?

Many people get their scar tattooed to hide the ‘battle scars’ to make it less visible.
The point of this procedure is to conceal any skin discoloration or blemish you want
to cover up. Sometimes it’s more for emotional reasons to help move on from a
past story or memory.

Aside from surgical scars, camouflage tattooing is also the concealing procedure of
choice for stretch marks. With a camouflage tattoo, you have the option to have the
scar itself tattooed, the scar’s surrounding area, or both.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



AM I A CANDIDATE FOR A SCAR CAMOUFLAGE TATTOO?

This section will help you determine if you’re a candidate for a scar camouflage
tattoo. Here’s what you need to know:

Pregnant or breastfeeding women are not allowed to undergo camouflage skin

tattooing. You may consult for an appointment after your pregnancy and once
your baby has fully weaned from breastfeeding.
The majority of those who have surgical scars of more than two years old are
candidates for a camouflage tattoo.
If your skin is tanned, it is best to wait for the tanning to completely fade before
undergoing a camouflage tattoo procedure. This is to ensure the pigment used
mimics your natural skin tone, not your tanned skin tone.
People who have chronic skin disorder may be contraindicated to get a
camouflage tattoo.

That’s why it’s always best to consult your healthcare provider or book a
consultation to determine if you’re a suitable candidate for camouflage tattooing.

A pre-screening is required of all clients of Studio Conceal to ensure your safety

and prevent any health issues that may arise from the procedure.

WHAT TO EXPECT DURING A CAMOUFLAGE TATTOO PROCEDURE

In a camouflage tattoo procedure, you can expect initial consultation. The

procedure will be explained to your client, the aftercare and touch-up appointments
in the future. A camouflage tattoo procedure is a life-changing commitment and you
should commit to being the professional tattoo specialist that will help your clients
achieve what they are aiming for.

PAIN LEVEL

On a scale of 1 to 10 (with 10 as the most painful), the consensus of previous

clients of Studio Conceal on the pain level of the camouflage tattoo procedure is
between 6 to 7. During the procedure, there will be minimal yet tolerable discomfort
to expect.

Surgical scars are less painful to be tattooed over as compared to other scars like
keloid scars and burn scars. However, if there’s nerve damage in that area, the
scar tissue may be less sensitive to pain. That’s why it is best to talk to a
healthcare provider before a camouflage tattoo to determine if there’s a presence
of nerve damage.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



So you may ask, does a camouflage tattoo procedure require the use of a topical
anesthetic or numbing cream? The answer is no. Numbing agents are not used to
avoid interference of the purity of the pigment used. This is to ensure the tattoo is
closest to your skin color.

The Immediate Afterlook

Right after the procedure, you can expect that there’s little to no downtime. You can
resume with your daily tasks or go back to work, right after the procedure. Easy
breezy! However, you can expect minimal redness and swelling 1-3 days after the
procedure, which is normal. The complete healing time varies from person to
person. It will depend on your age, diet, sun exposure and overall general health.
On average, it takes between 45 to 60 days for the total healing of the camouflage
tattoo.

THE AFTERCARE

During the first 3 days, swelling and inflammation is expected. For the aftercare,
your tattoo artist will educate you on how to minimize inflammation, how to keep
the area clean and proper ice application.

After several weeks, the redness will start to fade, which means skin healing starts.
Tattoo care also includes the use of an antibiotic ointment, gentle washing,
avoiding swimming and scratching. Make sure to take down notes on the tips on
aftercare of your camouflage tattoo.

Just a heads up though if you’re planning to get a tanned body after a camouflage
tattoo, your whole body might get tanned, but the color of the camouflage tattoo
stays the same. May it be a spray tan, a result of sunbathing, or in the tanning bed.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



Remember that the color of the pigment used is fixed when it penetrates to the
skin, so the color stays the same even after tanning. When the tan fades, and your
skin turns back to its original shade, your camouflage tattoo will look like the way
that it should.

THE LASTING EFFECTS

According to industry experts and peer reviewed studies in the field, its effects last
for five years before you may or may not need a touch up. Some scar tattoos may
fade faster. Everyone’s skin is so different. Provided that aftercare regimens are
followed correctly.

Will touch-ups be needed? Maybe yes, maybe no. Some people won’t be needing
touch-ups, while some will do. Remember that even regular tattoos may need
touch ups because of natural skin changes or a faded look. Getting a touch-up
depends on your preference and the outcome of the camouflage tattoo after five
years.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Can you get a tattoo after shoulder surgery?

Yes, you can get a tattoo after the scarred skin on your shoulder surgery has
completely healed. Your professional tattoo artist will most likely recommend
camouflage tattooing two years after the surgery.

Can you get skin colored tattoos to cover scars?

Yes, you can get skin colored tattoos over lesions, especially after a surgery. A
scarred skin, may it be in the shoulders or in other parts of the body, you can get a
camouflage tattoo over it.

Can you tattoo over self harm scars?

Yes, you can tattoo over self-inflicted lesions. Make sure to have it checked by a
tattoo specialist if a camouflage tattoo is possible. There are self-inflicted wounds
that don’t form a scar, that may not be possible for a camouflage tattoo.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 CAMOUFLAGE TATTOO
TRAINING AND WHAT YOU
NEED TO KNOW
CAMOUFLAGE TATTOO TRAINING

Are you looking to venture into the beauty industry? If you are interested in utilizing
permanent makeup for medical, aesthetic purposes, consider camouflage tattoo
training.

The original camouflage tattoo technique hails from Brazil. It combines permanent
makeup application and micropigmentation to create an artificial yet natural-looking
skin tone—which can hide fully healed blemishes like:

Accidental Scars

Needling is a quick, efficient way to finally eliminate childhood scars, although

sizable marks might need multiple needling sessions.

Surgical Scars

Patients can remove post-surgery stitches and incision marks with skin-toned ink.

Self-Inflicted Scars

Take the first step to forgetting past trauma by covering self-inflicted scars with a
cosmetic tattoo. Eliminate blemishes that remind you of your past.

Burns

Ointments can help burn wounds heal, but they cannot wholly eliminate marks. You
can only disguise them with permanent makeup.

Stretch Marks

Stretch marks rank among the most common types of blemishes. Reports even
indicate that 80% of Americans struggle with these skin imperfections, although
anyone in the world can get a stretch mark.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE


HOW CAMOUFLAGE TATTOOING CAME TO BE

While stretch marks, scars and pregnancy scars are 100% natural, these
imperfections cause insecurity. Men and women continuously look for ways to
achieve blemish-free skin.

The growing need for effective scar and stretch mark removal instigated
considerable medical advancements in the beauty industry. Nowadays, patients can
choose from various special ointments and laser treatment programs.

Most options are effective, but they also pose disadvantages. For instance, beauty
cream products take too long to eliminate blemishes, and laser procedure fees
would set one back several grand for little improvement.

Since clients want an inexpensive, fast-acting alternative, Brazilian camouflage

tattoos quickly became popular. They cost less than laser treatments and produce
instant results. Patients can even return to their daily activities after less than a day’s
worth of recovery.

Why Undergo Stretch Marks Camouflage Tattoo Training

Since the government does not regulate stretch marks camouflage tattoo services,
does that mean anyone can open a shop? The answer: no!

Mastering the Brazilian camouflage tattoo technique requires intensive research and
diligent practice. You cannot learn these by watching a few introductory lectures on
YouTube.

Invest in a class with a proven training course. Trust us—running a permanent

makeup studio with no formal training has serious consequences. In the worst case,
a client might even sue you for an incorrectly applied cosmetic tattoo.

Basic Medical Information

No, you do not need advanced medical knowledge to apply stretch marks
camouflage tattoos. However, a firm understanding of the basics would help.
Carelessly tattooing over wounds and scars can lead to skin infections. Know when
to accept and reject clients.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



The Best Materials

Don’t be stingy with the materials you use. Creating inorganic pigments close to your
client’s skin tone is significantly easier when you’re using high-quality ink and
needles.

FINDING THE RIGHT SCAR CAMOUFLAGE TATTOO CANDIDATE

It is a common misconception that you can hide any scar, stretch mark, or blemish
with permanent makeup. Contrary to popular belief, not everyone can accommodate
a cosmetic camouflage tattoo. Before inking over skin imperfections, you need to
consider the:

Skin Tone

The success of any scar camouflage procedure heavily depends on how well you
create artificial ink pigments. Apart from using high-quality materials, ensure to use
the patient’s natural skin tone. Even the slightest tan can ruin your formula.
As a best practice, advise clients to stay indoors for a couple of weeks before the
scheduled treatment. Also, observe proper skin care habits. Moisturizing and
wearing sunscreen will drastically reduce your susceptibility to harmful UV lights.

Scar Texture

A scar camouflage tattoo creates artificial pigments to hide skin marks, but it cannot
flatten raised scars like keloids.

Advise patients with raised scars to undergo the necessary dermatological

treatments first. Once their blemish smoothens and fully heals, you can conduct a
second assessment to see if they have become candidates.

Note: The same rule applies to deep stretch marks, scars, and blemishes. Ideally,
your candidate should have smooth, flat marks with little to no dents or bumps.

Scar Age

You can only apply a scar camouflage tattoo on fully healed blemishes over two
years old. Prematurely tattooing over a healing scar, stretch mark, or blemish will
cause further damage to the skin. Contaminating a healing wound might even lead
to an infection.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE


Bonus: Setting the Expectations

Even after receiving top-notch training and mastering the standard scar camouflage
tattoo technique, you still cannot wholly dictate the outcome of a cosmetic tattoo.
Even industry experts can only make predictions.

Keeping these factors in mind, set your client’s expectations accordingly. Make well-
informed assessments based on their stretch marks, scars, and blemishes,
accurately gauge the possibility of success, then relay the information as clearly as
you can. Support the client with free, valuable information.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is camouflage tattoo?

Camouflage tattooing produces artificial pigments designed to hide skin
imperfections. While relatively new, the process quickly became popular as an
effective, non-surgical way to achieve blemish-free skin.

How long does scar camouflage last?

A scar camouflage tattoo lasts around two to five years for most people. Once the
tattoo fades, clients can get touch-ups from their camouflage tattoo professional.
However, remember that specific variables like age and skin type affect how long a
tattoo can cover scars and stretch marks. Also, keep in mind, this is technically a
tattoo so may not ever go away, but all tattoos do change and alter over time due to
aging and sun exposure.

What is paramedical tattooing?

Paramedical tattooing is another name for camouflage tattooing wherein a modern
non-surgical cosmetic procedure wherein tattoo artists conceal blemishes with
specialized ink. Efficacy varies from patient to patient, but a paramedical tattoo
typically hides skin imperfections like surgical scars, stretch marks, burns, tummy
tucks, and stitch marks. For optimal results, consult professionals before getting a
paramedical tattoo.

What is Brazilian stretch mark camouflage?

Brazilian stretch mark tattooing utilizes a specialized camouflage tattoo technique to
hide blemishes. For a stretch mark camouflage tattoo to turn out well, the tattoo artist
must match their clients’ skin tones, underlying imperfections, and preferences.

Different types of scars require varying camouflage tattoos.

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Learn Camouflage Tattooing From a Reputable Industry Expert

Applying paramedical tattoos to cover scars and stretch marks requires total mastery
in creating inorganic pigments. Subpar techniques will produce undesirable results.
In the worst case, poorly done camouflage tattoos might even worsen existing skin
imperfections.

The bottom line: it is not whether a camouflage tattoo mentor is “licensed” or not, as
there are a lot of states that do not really regulate it. In fact, just relying on such a
“license” will not guarantee that you will be training under the best. You want to train
under a tattoo mentor whose skills and expertise have been affirmed by online
reviews because you want to replicate their success too.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

COSMETIC CAMOUFLAGE
FOR SCARS A Study

Here we have compiled the benefits of scar camouflage given the options of
cosmetic products and application techniques!

Abnormal scars are the result of over producing collagen, which causes the
scar to be raised above the surrounding skin, leading to deformities that
cause anxiety and negative impact on patients.

Treatment of scars, either to correct functional impairments or to correct the

cosmetic appearance, has a positive psychological and social influence on
the affected individual. Comprehensive management should include different
techniques of camouflage to hide the disfigurement that causes existing
scars, which includes the application of cosmetics that may provide practical
technique to manipulate an insightful abnormality.

Cosmetic camouflage provides a valuable resource to individuals with a wide

range of skin conditions, especially scars. It is an essential tool for both
dermatology and cosmetic surgery, and it is a method that has been created
to lessen the suffering of those who are deeply affected by scarring. There
are different ways to mask a disfigurement with cosmetics products, such as
subtle coverage, pigment blending (color correcting), full concealment, and
contouring. A variety of techniques are currently available to assist these
patients in masking their irregularities and to give them the opportunity to
improve their quality of life.

Scarring is a natural part of the healing process. After skin injury, modification in the
healing process may result in the development of noticeable scars and decrease in
functionality,1 which usually reduces the individual’s quality of life (QOL). Abnormal
scars are the result of over producing collagen, which causes the scar to be raised
above the surrounding skin, leading to deformities that cause anxiety and a negative
impact on patients. The presence of a visible skin lesion perceived as abnormal on
the face or body can result in significant psychological impairment. Scars and their
appearance are always a personal matter; hence, they are all important no matter
how big or small.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 A B
PHOTO 1. Patient with a graft scar, exhibiting pigmentation abnormalities before (A) and after cosmetic camouflage (B). Published with kind
permission from the British Association of Skin Camouflage.

Different types of scars exist, such as well-healed mature scars, atrophic scars,
hypertrophic scars, striae, and keloids. Atrophic scars are flat or depressed below
the level of the surrounding skin and are generally small and often round with an
inverted center (eg, acne scars). Hypertrophic scars are raised scars that stay
within the boundary of the original wound, usually regressing spontaneously
several months after the initial injury. Stretched scars develop when the fine lines
from the original wound become stretched and widened, and keloid scars are
raised scars that spread beyond the boundaries of the original wound, invading into
the surrounding skin. Often keloids continue to grow over time and recur
after excision.

Early wounds are often erythematous and may become brownish red and then pale
as they mature, with the consistency varying from soft to hard. Most scars have
regular borders; however, some are irregular and possess a clawlike configuration
as observed in some keloids.

Treatment of scars, either to correct functional impairments or for cosmetic reasons,

has a positive psychological and social impact on the affected individual. A
comprehensive management should include different techniques of camouflage to
improve the appearance of existing scars, which include the application of cosmetics
that provide powerful and easy ways to manipulate the look of individuals with an
evident deformity. Cosmetics are specially formulated to provide long-term (at least 8
hours) waterproof coverage of underlying pigment to minimize line defects and to
recreate a more attractive appearance. Cosmetic camouflage provides a valuable
resource to individuals with a wide range of skin conditions, especially scars,
resulting in an improvement in their QOL. It is important to document the benefits of
this therapeutic option.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 CAMOUFLAGE
COSMETICS
Hypertrophic scars and keloids may lead to defects of the skin including that of
pigmentation and contour. Pigmentation abnormalities involve color changes in the
skin. These defects can be corrected through special facials and foundations that
cover pigment under the skin (Photo 1). Contour defects represent areas of
hypertrophy or atrophy, which pose as challenges to the patient to cover. Cosmetics
with a glossy finish only accentuate contour abnormalities. A matte finish is usually
more desirable and can be obtained by pressing loose powder into facial foundation.
Camouflaging is an art of illusion and requires skill, artistic ability, and experience.

Tedeschi et al evaluated the use of corrective camouflage in 15 children and

adolescents (age range, 7–16 years; mean age, 14 years). The majority of patients
were female. Of the 15 patients, 6 had acne vulgaris, 4 had vitiligo, 2 had Becker
nevus, and 1 each had striae distensae, allergic contact dermatitis, and postsurgical
scarring. After application of the products, all patients and parents were satisfied with
the results of the camouflage cosmetics. In this study, the satisfactory results
demonstrated that camouflage is an effective, adjunctive therapy for use on unsightly
scars.

There are different ways to mask a disfigurement with cosmetics products, such as
subtle coverage, pigment blending (color correcting), full concealment, and
contouring.

Subtle Coverage

Subtle coverage implies a light application that conceals but only moderately. A
sponge applicator is used to modify the effort, and the cover cream application is
strictly confined to the irregularity.

Pigment Blending or Color Correcting

Pigment blending or color correcting describes the camouflage method that involves
selecting a cover cream that matches the pigment of the patient’s makeup
foundation. Color correctors are used to disguise the yellowish shade of a bruise or
the overall redness from a burn. Color correctors come in tints, and purple corrector
blended with concealer neutralizes yellow skin tones, whereas green corrector yields
a brown tone to neutralize redness.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



FULL CONCEALMENT

Full concealment is a camouflage method that refers to

complete, mask like coverage, extending beyond the limits
of the site. Concealers are thicker and more opaque than
regular foundation makeup. They effectively cover healed
incision lines from surgery, scars, and bruises on the face or
body. Concealers are usually creamy products and come in
a variety of shades to match the natural color of the skin.
Sometimes they are blended with color correctors to achieve
a good color match. Cover creams can be applied to the skin
with sponges and brushes or by patting them onto the skin
with the middle finger and ring finger.

Patient with a hypopigmented scar before (A) and after

cosmetic camouflage (B).

CONTOURING

Contouring corrects the irregular surface contours by

creating dimension using light and shadow. Dark colors
make swellings or protrusions appear to recede, whereas
light colors make surface depressions appear shallower. To
achieve contouring, a highlighter is needed, which is
approximately 2 shades lighter than the concealer, and a
contour shadow, which is approximately 2 shades darker.

Powdered blush-type products are best suited for

contouring. It is important to remove camouflage cosmetics
every night, especially on the face. Because of its Powdered
blush-type products are best suited for Skin Camouflage. It
is important to remove camouflage cosmetics every night,
especially on the face.

Because of its waterproof nature, an oily cleansing cream or lotion may be needed to
wipe off the makeup. Camouflage cosmetics used elsewhere on the body can be left
on for 3 or 4 days before removing them and reapplying.

The types of scars that benefit from cosmetic camouflage are atrophic, hypertrophic,
stretch marks, or burns.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



The most effective way to camouflage hypertrophic or atrophic scars is through the
use of shading as previously mentioned. The underlying principle is that light areas
project and dark areas recede. Depressed scars appear darker than surrounding
areas due to shadows, and hypertrophic scars appear lighter due to the lack of
shadows. Thus, lighter cosmetics should be applied to depressed scars, whereas
darker cosmetics can be applied to hypertrophied scars. Hypopigmented areas also
can be camouflaged with cosmetics (Figure 2).

Scar repigmentation can improve the appearance and texture of unsightly scars from
accidents, burns, surgery, acne, vitiligo, cleft palate, mild stretch marks, and surgical
cancer treatments. Generally, a year after a scar has healed, pigment can be
implanted into the skin in a blended effect to match the scar to the surrounding skin
color. The process of camouflaging stretch marks is a simple process of blending the
discolored scarred/stretched area with the natural pigment colors surrounding the
affected area. The final result should dramatically reduce the appearance of scars,
and in some cases, completely cover them. This camouflage procedure has been
used to permanently conceal face-lift scars, stretch marks, surgical and accidental
scars, and many others, all to help create a natural look.

Skill and experience on the part of the patient are vital factors in determining a good
cosmetic result, and trial and error is encouraged. Professional paramedical
camouflage artists and specially trained sales clerks can assist in the cosmetic
selection, color blending, and application.

When a surgeon’s work has been completed, the camouflage therapist’s work
starts. Using knowledge of patient management and an excellent skill in makeup
application, the patient is assisted in masking the irregularity. A camouflage
therapist should identify the patient’s needs (based on patient’s perception of the
problem), perform a physical assessment, analyze patient’s self-care aptitudes, and
elaborate an appropriate cosmetic treatment plan. There are many companies in

the United States and Europe that manufacture cosmetics designed for

camouflaging purposes (Table).

One of the pioneers in skin camouflage is the British Association of Skin

Camouflage, which is dedicated to providing comprehensive training for people
who are interested in paramedical skin camouflage, and offer services to people
with unsightly scars. It offers information on the latest news and techniques
regarding skin camouflage. Scars, specifically dermatoses and unwanted tattoos,
are the most common reasons for professional paramedical skin camouflage.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 Cosmetic Products by the Number of Shades
Available for Scar Camouflage

Product Company Number of Shades

Dermacolor KRYOLAN Professional Make-up 49
Veil Cover Cream Thomas Blake Cosmetic Creams, Ltd 27
Dermablend Cover Creme Foundation Dermablend 21
Full Cover Concealer Make Up For Ever 20
CoverBlend Concealing Treatment Makeup NeoStrata 14
AmazingConcealer AmazingCosmetics, Inc 12
Creamy Concealer Bobbi Brown Professional Cosmetics, 11
Covermark Inc CM Beauty 10
Keromask Innoxa 9
IDEAL SHADE Concealer Stick Avon Products, Inc 8
Camouflage Concealer sue devitt, inc 8
True Concealer Alison Raffaele Cosmetics 7
Concealing Creme Smart Cover Cosmetics 6
Secret Camouflage laura mercier 6
Invisible Touch Perfecting Concealer Avon Products, Inc 5
Conceal Rx Circle Control Concealer Physicians’ Formula 4
boi-ing Benefit Cosmetics LL 3

The specialist products are designed to be long lasting and contain sun protection.
Additional (oil-free) sun- screen can be applied under and over camouflage.
Decorative cosmetics (makeup) can be worn over camouflage. Topical medication
and silicone gel treatment can be used under the skin camouflage. All products are
designed to mimic and blend in with one’s natural skin color; how- ever, the skin’s
texture will remain unchanged.

In an Australian study, 3 popular camouflage cosmetics were compared in a variety

of skin conditions including keloids, vitiligo, and acne scars, for factors such as
frequency of use, cosmetic appeal, and adherence and resistance to sweating and
water contact. Overall, Dermacolor was preferred over Covermark and Innoxa
Keromask. Dermacolor had 24 shades at the time of this study, Covermark has 10
shades, and Keromask has 2 bases and 5 toners. Both Dermacolor and Covermark
are available in department stores. We have surmised that the larger availability of
shades of Dermacolor was the main contributing factor to its preference. The main
concerns of the patients were accidental wiping and removal of the cosmetic.

Camouflage therapy is a system of cosmetic techniques designed for patients with

psychological and physical suffering caused by their skin disfigurements. These
techniques are used to assist them in coping constructively with their appearance
and mental health.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

SCAR CAMOUFLAGE
ON BURN SURVIVORS

Scar camouflage is the field of micropigmentation that is probably the most difficult to
work in as scars do not retain pigment well, are hard to penetrate with the needle
due to the thickness of the fibrosis tissue and can even grow further as the result of
secondary scarring. As challenging as this work can be, there is an even more
difficult part – performing the procedure on burn survivors.

Working with burn scars is complicated due to a number of reasons:

-burn scars usually cover a large area and often occur on the face;
-burn survivors have usually undergone a number of surgeries prior to the
micropigmentation treatment and their skin can become extremely sensitive that
requires more careful approach with anesthetics;
-Psychological aspect of the procedure may be challenging since some patients
might build their hopes too high and develop unrealistic expectations of the results of
the procedure. The artist should remind the patient that scar camouflage is the
treatment that takes a multiple preparatory steps and thus can be extended in time.
It is also vital to show the pictures of your previous works on burn scars and to write
down the goals and the treatment plan discussed with the patient to create more
realistic expectations.
-Changes in food and medications regimen can influence the appearance of the
patient’s skin undertone; therefore it is crucial to discuss this point with the patient.

The pre-treatment diet does not have strong limitations though except for the proper
hydration and avoiding caffeine, alcohol and aspirin for 5 days prior to each
procedure.The initial step in planning a micropigmentation camouflage treatment on
a burn scar is to refer the patient to the exfoliation procedure with the use of glycolic
or other acid – this will remove dead cells from the surface of the epidermis and
provide better pigment retention. The time between the exfoliation procedure and the
micropigmentation treatment will vary in different age groups considering the speed
of skin renewal. Thus, for young skin it takes 21-28 days, for mature skin 28-49
days, and for aging skin 49-84 days and longer. In case of a facial burn scar the
examination of facial symmetry and morphology is essential.

Before performing any camouflaging treatments on the scar it is crucial to do a patch

and sensitivity test. The final color will be a blend of the pigment color and the
patient’s skin undertone color, so it’s important to evaluate the latter using special
charts or schemes, it also pays to take the patient out to the daylight or at least to
use daylight bulbs.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



Since the scar tissue is thick and difficult to penetrate, it is recommended to use coil
machines for pigment insertion rather than rotary machines which are not powerful
enough and thus fail to provide consistent and smooth pigment application. The
choice of needles is always up to the artist, but the best results have been observed
with the use of 14 round needles and 6 flat needles combined together. Each
application should start with the examination of the patient’s skin to ensure there is
no rash or other irregularities

All the procedures, including tests and touch-up visits, should be scheduled in 4-8
weeks intervals to allow for skin healing, unless various areas are treated at each
appointment.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

MODULE 2
 All About Skin
MODULE 2

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 INTRODUCTION
TO STRETCH MARKS
Stretch marks are common. According eMedicine.com, seventy percent
of all people develop stretch marks during puberty, and ninety percent
of women who have been pregnant have stretch marks. For such a
common condition it is shockingly difficult to find effective methods for
treating and eliminating existing stretch marks.

WHAT ARE STRETCH MARKS?

Stretch marks (medically known a striae) are actually a form of scarring on the
skin caused by tearing of the dermis, the middle layer of the skin that plays a
crucial role in retaining the skin’s shape. Stretch marks come in all shapes, sizes,
and colors and do not look the same on everyone.

Appearance of stretch marks varies according to your skin’s natural color and
tone; they are regularly reddish brown, brown, pink or dark brown, and may fade
to a lighter color over time.

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WHAT CAUSES STRETCH MARKS?

Pregnancy
It’s no secret, pregnancy stretches out the skin on your belly. The unfortunate and
nearly inevitable result is the emergence of stretch marks during the expansion of
a woman’s belly late in her pregnancy. It is not uncommon for stretch marks to
also occur on the buttocks, thighs, hips, and breasts.

Rapid Growth/Weight Change

Skin elasticity refers to the skin’s ability to stretch. If it reaches its limits because of
the onset of extreme weight fluctuation or growth the connective fibers and tissues
in the skin break, resulting in a stretch mark.

Bodybuilding
Even if you aren’t a serious bodybuilder, anyone who starts putting on more
muscle mass at a rapid pace are still susceptible to stretch marks. When serious
weightlifters or athletes bulk up and add mass/weight to your frame, the skin
stretches as a result.

Puberty
Puberty among other genetic factors are popular causes of stretch marks. During
this stage in your body’s development rapid growth spurts are common. Similar to
rapid growth/weight change, whenever the body grows or expands at a faster rate
than the elasticity your skin can withhold, stretch marks may appear. Hormonal
changes, genetics, diet, exercise also play a role in the skin’s capacity to
withstand stretching forces.

Hormones and Stretch Marks

Hormonal imbalances have been labeled as a common cause of stretch marks.
Hormonal imbalances that occur during pregnancy, puberty, obesity, and even
during weight lifting cause collagen and fibers to tear over the stretched skin,
triggering the formation of stretch marks.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



IS THERE ANYTHING I CAN DO ABOUT THE MARKS?

Fortunately, yes. For years people have been treating stretch marks with
prescription methods, laser therapy, over-the-counter-products, moisturizers,
wheat germ, surgeries, peptides, among other various treatments.

Note: Our Skin Care research is designed to illustrate the causes behind stretch
marks, the psychological impact and explore the benefits of various treatments.

Stretch Marks Symptoms?

The following are three phases of Stretch Marks if not detected early. Identifying
symptoms early on is a certain advantage in their treatment.

Stage 1: Discoloration
First signs of your stretch marks will be pink to reddish brown. Skin surrounding
the area may appear flattened. Itching may occur but not in every case.

Stage 2: Increased Size

Your stretch marks will begin enlarging and will darken in color. If left untreated,
stretch marks begin to expand in width turning a treatable problem area into a
nightmare.

Stage 3: Irregularity
Over time and without proper treatment, stretch marks turn lighter and silver in

color while becoming more irregular in shape.

Early detection is a major factor in the effectiveness of stretch mark treatment.

Even within stage 3, with proper regiment and treatment you can dramatically
reduce the coloration and size of stretch marks over time. The key is to take
preventative measures prior to the occurrence of stretch marks so that treatment
becomes a precautionary measure rather than a remedy. A combination of diet,
exercise, and additional treatment are crucial; pick a treatment that is practical to
your lifestyle in the short term and can be maintained in the future.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 WHAT IS VITILIGO?

Vitiligo is a skin disorder, most often autoimmune, which is caused by unknown

reasons and is characterized by the loss of pigmentation. Technically, the loss of
pigmentation happens due to the deficiency in melanocytes, which prevents it
from producing the necessary amount of melanin.

For the patients with vitiligo the problem of camouflaging is painstaking. The areas
that are prone to the appearance of white patches include face (lips, nostrils, and
eyes), arms and hands, legs, feet, and genitals. Since there are no medications
for full and irreversible treatment of this disease and the cosmetic covering is not
always easy, the procedure of micropigmentation (also called corrective
repigmentation), offers convenient and the most reasonable solution.

It is worth mentioning that the PMU artist must not take the responsibility of
diagnosing vitiligo or making any conclusions about the way it’s going to progress.
For one thing, this disease takes a lot of medical tests to be identified. It can easily
be confused with other dermatological conditions, for example, Tinea versicolor,
secondary syphilis, etc. For another thing, the state of vitiligo defines whether the
micropigmentation treatment is feasible.

Only patients with stable vitiligo qualify for micropigmentation, otherwise they risk
developing a Koebner phenomenon; the development (or the further spreading) of
vitiligo at the site of physical injury, i.e. cuts, abrasions, or in the given case the
wounds from the tattoo needle. The non-progressive state of vitiligo is usually
defined as the state when new white spots have ceased to appear and the
existent ones aren’t getting larger, however, sometimes the disease can progress
without obvious signs, thus the need for an artist to collaborate with the patient’s
dermatologist.

Prior to the procedure the informed consent should be signed with the patient,
stating that the micropigmentation of vitiligo is a multiple-sessions treatment
extended in time, as layered pigment application is required for the most
satisfactory results. A patch test is vital and is performed on a small, hardly
noticeable area before the actual treatment. Firstly, it helps to instill patient’s
confidence in the procedure, and secondly, it makes the artist more assured of a
proper color match.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

WHAT IS VITILIGO?

The first step of the corrective repigmentation

procedure is to eliminate the contrast
between the borders of the vitiligo marks and
the central parts, which are usually much
lighter. Light pigment is placed on the edges
of these marks and beyond them, blending
into the unaffected areas.

The next step is to scatter the pigment

throughout the discolored spot. The single
needle technique is preferable to the use of a
larger cluster as it allows the creation of more
realistic look by blending the existent strong
blue undertone with pink or yellow tones (the
latter will create a warmer color). Darker
hues, consequently, will darken the area.

The final step is to blend the recreated color

with the surrounding skin tones. It is easier
achieved in patients with darker and ethnic
skin and more complicated in vitiligo patients
with fair complexion. Although pigments tend
to lighten with time, it is recommended to start
every session with lighter hues and then
proceed with the darker ones rather than to
overtreat and wait for normal color lightening.

The complications that are possible after the

micropigmentation of vitiligo include the
exacerbation of the disease, koebnerisation,
chronic granulomatosis reactions and allergy
to the injected pigment, secondary infection
and color mismatch.

Corrective repigmentation of vitiligo is

normally a safe procedure, however, people
with a medical history of psoriasis, herpes
simplex virus infection or HIV positive do not
qualify for the treatment.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

PMU & PIGMENT SPOTS

The area of ​application of permanent makeup is much wider than the “eyebrows-
lips-arrows” trinity. Yes, it makes the facial features brighter, but it can also
transform the skin to hide some of its defects. For people who have pigmented
spots this is a real opportunity to get a smooth skin tone, to get rid of complexes
and improve the quality of life without resorting to aggressive cosmetic procedures
or surgeries. For those who want to add piquancy to their appearance, permanent
makeup also offers the solution – the creation of artificial pigment spots. But first
things first.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



CAMOUFLAGING OF PIGMENT SPOTS

Dermography is a kind of tattooing which is used for camouflaging the skin

imperfections that appear due to the pigmentation disorder. This technique is an
alternative to grinding, laser and exposure to acids. However, dermography has a
strong advantage – it does not destroy the epidermal cells, but retains the structure
of the skin while also aligning its color.

The skin tone is determined by four pigments: melanin (brown color), carotene
(yellow color), hemoglobin (red color) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (blue color).
Sometimes the ratio of these elements gets disrupted, and spots of different
shades, shapes and sizes appear on the skin.

In itself, a pigmentation disorder is not a disease. This is always a result of some

disease, changes in the hormonal background, lack of vitamins and minerals,
aggressive environmental influences and other factors. Therefore, it is very
important that before the session of dermography the client receives the approval
of a dermatologist, and in some cases oncological consultation might be needed as
well.

So, let’s see what kinds of pigmentation disorders exist in nature.

1. Leucoderma – spots of white or light pink color, the appearance of which is

associated with a decrease in melanin or its complete absence. Vitiligo is an
example of this type.
2. Melanoderma – light brown or dark spots associated with hyperpigmentation
and elevated levels of melanin. This class includes freckles, chloasma, moles,
birthmarks, melanomas.
3. Gray-blue dyspigmentation accompanied by the deposition of melanin in the
skin or non-melanin changes in it.

Color selection is a key step in dermography. Taking into account the skin tone of
the client, an artist mixes several colors to achieve the desired color; it must fully
correspond to the natural tone of the skin. A lighter/darker or cooler/warmer shade
of the color will be noticeable and in the future will require a series of corrective
tattoo sessions or daily camouflaging with a makeup. It is unlikely that such a result
can be called satisfactory. For this reason, an artist working in camouflage
technique must have an excellent vision and knowledge of color.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

It is equally important that during the
session an artist picks the right proportions
of the pigments used in the client’s card.
This information is useful in the following
cases:

– Planned correction in a month.

– After a couple of years, when the pigment
will lose its saturation and re-pigmentation
will be required.
– In case if in time the center of a
pigmented area becomes larger and the
artist would have to “finish” borders.

After permanent makeup procedure the

treated area requires the same care as with
any other kind of micropigmentation: do not
soak treated area the first 5-10 days, do not
rip off the scabs, work with ointments, avoid
visiting the sauna/pool and do not apply
decorative cosmetics and creams on the
area of exposure until complete healing.

Pros of camouflaging pigment spots by

dermography:

– Small number of sessions.

– Good tolerability.
– Short term of rehabilitation.
– Doesn’t break the structure of the skin.
– High efficiency.

Disadvantages of camouflaging pigment

spots by dermography:

– On the tanned or reddened skin the area

of exposure may differ in tone.
– In a few years correction is required.
– The difficulty in selecting the right shade
of pigment.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 SCAR
EDUCATION
Unfortunately, scarring is the natural result of many types of injuries.
While scars are an innate part of the healing process, they can cause
embarrassment and insecurity, particularly when they are very visible
or stubborn. Whether you’ve had an accident, surgery, burn, or other
regrettable event, you know how frustrating it is to constantly be
reminded of your past trauma.

Scars vary in appearance, from barely noticeable to painfully

conspicuous. Some turn out flat and slightly pink, while others end up
appearing large and raised or sunken and pitted. No matter what your
scar looks like, you just want it to disappear. You want it to fade from
view. Because surgery is expensive, many patients search for
alternatives. ScarStick™ was developed by a plastic surgeon to be that
alternative!

WHAT IS A SCAR?

A scar is simply extra collagen that forms after a wound has healed; it’s a sort of
exaggerated response to healing. The area has a different texture than the rest of
the skin. When an overabundance of collagen is produced, the scar becomes
particularly prominent. How it looks after healing all depends upon the scar’s
location and size, as well as genetic factors that are unique to you.

It can take up to two years for a scar to fully develop, mature, and establish its
final appearance. While any area can be a problem, areas under constant motion
(such as your knees and elbows) are particularly prone to discoloration.

REDNESS: You’ll notice that scars are very red during the beginning stages of
healing. Because your body responds to a wound by creating excess tissue, new
blood vessels form to help nourish the new tissue. It’s this amplified blood flow
that causes the redness. This redness is almost always temporary, and usually
starts to fade in 7 months. The redness, depending on your skin type, can take a
year or longer to fade completely. For some people, it can take up to 2 or 3 years!

BROWN DISCOLORATION: Brown discoloration happens in many people that

have darker skin or are prone to developing dark scars. Your body inserts a
pigment, melanin, into the scar area. This brown discoloration is more likely to
occur in darker skin individuals, however it can happen to anyone. It can be
permanent if not treated.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



THICKNESS: Many people develop “raised” or “thick” scars. A scar gets raised
when the body lays down too much collagen. If this becomes a tumor like growth,
it is sometimes called a keloid. Scars that are minimally raised are referred to as
hypertrophic scars. The ScarStick™ helps to reduce the appearance of the
thickness of the scar.

DEPRESSION: A depressed scar is one that has an indentation as part of it. This
occurs in many wounds that have been left open and have healed in on their own.
Over time this depression can get better, however sometimes it remains and
becomes permanent. The only good treatment for a depressed scar is either to
remove and re-suture it, or to inject the scar with filler.

Do Some People Scar Worse than Others?

Proper wound care immediately after the injury or after surgery is imperative in
preventing worse discoloration and skin marking. While it’s impossible to predict
how well a wound will morph and heal, some individuals are more prone to
developing raised scars or keloids. The darker your skin is, the higher your risk for
developing keloids.

There are other factors that determine how troublesome a scar will be, including
diet and environmental factors. Younger skin heals better than older skin, and the
location of the wound determines how well it will ultimately heal. Even the direction
of the scar and the area’s blood supply determine how severe the mark will be.
Your genetics play a big role in the wound healing process, and no can change his
or her DNA.

Fortunately, everyone has a choice in how to treat a scar once the initial wound
has healed over. For the best possible outcome, a scar should be treated as soon
as possible after the wound has completely mended, which is about a month after
the initial trauma.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 SCAR
SCIENCE
Wound healing occurs in four distinct phases, with the entire process
lasting up to a year or more, depending upon the severity of the scar. In
general, unless treated through surgery, your scar will not change
appearance much after one to two years. The severity of your scar is
dependent upon a host of genetic and environmental factors.

The four distinct phases of scar formation include:

Phase One: Hemostasis

Immediately after a burn, surgery, or accident, the hemostatic phase begins,

unless you have a blood clotting disorder. For several hours, your body will
constrict its blood vessels in the wounded area in order to prevent uncontrolled
bleeding. Platelets in the area activated thromboplastin to stimulate clotting, which
in turn activates the formation of fibrin. For proper scar formation, the wound must
be kept clean and free of debris from this point on.

Phase Two: Inflammation

During the inflammatory period, you’ll notice swelling, warmth, and pain. Your
immune system responds by releasing macrophages and leukocytes to destroy
bacteria in order to prevent infection. This phase last for up to 96 hours, during
which time redness will be visible in the area, indicating that white blood cells are
present and active. Open wounds take longer to heal, which contributes to more
noticeable scarring.

Phase Three: Proliferation

Immediately after the inflammatory phase is over, your body begins to fill the
wound to form a scab over the open area. Cross-linkage of collagen fibers helps
ensure strong new capillary beds. This phase lasts for about 21 days, though the
duration depends upon the size of the wound.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

During this three-week period, important work is occurring beneath the surface,
including:

Granulation: Fibroblasts make collagen to fill the damaged area, and new
capillaries are produced.
Contraction: The wound binds together using fibroblasts to reduce the wound’s
size.
Epithelialization: A protective layer of skin covers the wound, and cells travel
up to 3 cm in all directions. In a first-degree burn, epithelialization starts from
the basement membrane; if no basement membrane is present, then the
fibroblasts heal the area from the edges of the wound.
Once collagen production and breakdown have become equal, the
proliferation phase is over and the skin attempts to normalize during the final
phase.

Phase Four: Maturation

During the final maturation phase of scar formation, your collagen begins to
reorganize as soon as the wound has closed and the scab has begun to flake off.
This reorganization process may last for 12 months or more, during which time
new collagen forms to increases the overall tensile strength of the area.
Fibroblasts help remodel the area to make it stronger, and as this stage
progresses, your scar flattens.

How long the maturation stage lasts depends upon whether the wound was closed
or left open. The scar becomes less red as blood vessels are removed from the
area through apoptosis. The final scar is about 70 percent as strong as normal
skin.

If a keloid or other raised scar develops, it’s because exaggerated healing is

taking place during this phase. An overabundance of collagen leads to an excess
amount of scar tissue. Raised scars are particularly common in areas of motion,
such as the chest and shoulder. If your wound was infected, a more disfiguring
mark is the end result.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 SCAR
TYPES

Hypertrophic
A hypertrophic scar is confined to the original wound area, and does not extend
outside the boundaries of the initial area of damage. This scar is raised and thick,
and is often darker than the surrounding skin. They are occasionally very red, and
sometimes painful.

Keloid
Even after a wound has healed, collagen may continue to be produced in excess,
resulting in a keloid scar. A keloid scar is a thick cluster of tissue that grows beyond
the edges of the original wound area. The result is an exaggerated reddish growth
that projects well above the rest of the skin. Keloids are itchy and typically form on
the chest, ear lobes, and shoulders, but can occur anywhere The darker your skin,
the more likely you are to develop this particular type of scar formation. Because
surgery can sometimes make keloids worse, it’s best to prevent this kind of scar in
the first place

Burn
Most burn scars are caused either by heat, electricity, or friction. Burn scars often
turn into a hypertrophic scar or a keloid scar. Very deep, severe burn scars may go
beneath the dermal layer and result in nerve damage. These deep scars – or
contracture scars – result in a permanent tightening of the skin, and must be
surgically corrected. Burns can be treated with silicone very effectively.

Post-Surgical
Post-operative scars may result either from cosmetic surgery or another type of
medical operation.

Traumatic
Accidents happen, and when they do, a traumatic scar may result. Traumatic scars
can vary from hypertrophic scars to flat red scars to keloid scars. Unlike surgical
scars, traumatic scars tend to heal poorly because of their intense, random nature.

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 TO TREAT OR NOT TO
TREAT: DIFFERENT SCAR
TYPES.
Permanent makeup used as a means of corrective camouflage can serve various
purposes. It can effectively conceal imperfections, some skin diseases like vitiligo
and is most effective when dealing with various types of scars. However, not all
scar types qualify for micropigmentation. It is critical for the artist to identify the scar
type before the procedure and be certain about indications and contraindications of
the treatment on the particular patient.

The formation of a scar is the body’s natural way of healing and recovering from
skin loss or damage. Scars are composed of fibrosis tissue which is thicker than
normal skin due to the increased amount of collagen. Skin reparation is possible
because of the activity of special cells called fibroblasts. Resting fibroblasts are
most typical resident cells of regular connective tissue. They form its matrix by
secreting collagen as well as some other vital components. However, fibroblasts
preserve their ability to move to the active phase and multiply when needed, for
example during tissue repair. The increased amount of collagen produced by
fibroblasts makes up scar tissue that remains even after the skin surface has re-
epithelialized.

Although the composition of the scar tissue cannot vary significantly, its histology
and physiology may differ.

Thus several types of scars are known:

Keloids are firm, thick clusters of scar tissue that rise above the surrounding skin.
They are more common in patients of ethnic skin and appear at the site of previous
skin damage or wounds (incision, vaccination, piercing etc.) Apart from other types
of scars, keloids keep growing after the injury has healed due to the increased
collagen production and thus may extend far beyond the spot of the initial skin
damage.

It is highly not recommended for the patients prone to keloid formation to have
micropigmentation treatment done. Although microperforations made by tattoo
needles do not go deep into the skin layers, they pose certain risks to the patients
with above average susceptibility. It’s a challenging process for the artist to define if
their patient is a high-risk one.

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The easiest way to determine if the permanent makeup procedure is feasible in a

particular case is to check if the patient has piercings. In case they do not, a
scratch test should be performed and/or a color line should be applied behind the
patient’s ear. It should be then watched closely for several months to ascertain if
the keloid formation should occur.

It is strongly prohibited to perform a micropigmentation procedure on the existent

keloid scar.

Hypertrophic scars appear red and lumpy, elevated. They resemble keloid scars
and their formation also reveals a disbalance in collagen production, however they
are usually confined within the boundaries of the damaged area. Although
hypertrophic scars do not extend beyond the wound, they may continue to thicken
for up to 5 years. However, these scars tend to flatten and whiten overtime. The
results of a micropigmentation treatment performed on hypertrophic scars are
deemed unpredictable, as there is a high probability for them to reappear. Certain
clinics, however, do perform such treatments.

In the interest of safety, patients prone to hypertrophic scars are advised to refrain
from getting a micropigmentation procedure performed. The artist should warn the
patient against the possible consequences beforehand. However, the decision
remains up to the patient. The informed consent form should be signed prior to any
procedure.

We touched upon the types of scarring that poorly qualify for

micropigmentation procedures. There are, however, types of scars which not
only can, but also should be treated with the help of camouflaging tattooing.

Atrophic scars have pitted appearance which is peculiar as the skin resembles the
Moon’s surface. These are deep scars that stem from such skin conditions as acne
or chickenpox. In terms of histology, however, the causes of their formation are not
absolutely clear. Just like with keloid and hypertrophic scars, the main factor for
their apparition is troubles in collagen production, but the deeper understanding has
not yet been acquired. It is thought, however, that the mechanism of their formation
originates in the reaction of collagen fibers and subcutaneous fat to inflammation.
Consequently, the treatment of this type of scars requires collagen boost thus
patients with atrophic scars are good candidates for collagen induction or skin
needling.

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Scar contractures are an abnormal occurrence that usually follows burns. The scar
pulls the edges of the skin together causing tightening in the area and restriction of
movements. This type totally qualifies for micropigmentation. However,
micropigmentation treatments should be numerous as the burned areas do not
retain pigment well. It is worth mentioning that when performing micropigmentation
directly on the scar contractures the scar can be relieved after the pigment has
been applied thus contributing to uneven application and, what is more, an
asymmetrical look when performed on the face. Highly satisfying results can be
expected if the procedure of scar relaxation is performed prior to the
micropigmentation treatments.

Scar contractures

Last but not least, the most common type, flat and pale scars, are the most
common ones to form after any injury or surgery. Slightly red and swollen at the
beginning, they grow paler overtime and do not rise over the level of the
surrounding skin. Depending on the depth of the wound it may take up to one year
for such scars to heal, but it is absolutely important to let for the healing process to
complete before performing any treatments, even if it is clear from the beginning
that the appearing scar will fall in this category. Since the scar tissue in this case
lacks pigmentation, it appears white compared to the surrounding skin. This
discoloration can be quite disturbing for the patients, so a micropigmentation
treatment can be performed as the scar presents no danger of complications.

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 SCAR PROCEDURES
MINIMIZATION
Scars usually fade over time. Makeup can help cover the scar while it is healing.
Some scars can be minimized by certain dermatological techniques. However,
treatment can only improve the appearance of a scar; it cannot completely erase it.

The following are some of the more common scar-minimizing procedures:

Dermabrasion. Dermabrasion may be used to minimize small scars, minor skin

surface irregularities, surgical scars, and acne scars. As the name implies,
dermabrasion involves removing the top layers of skin with an electrical
machine that abrades the skin. As the skin heals from the procedure, the
surface appears smoother and fresher.

Chemical peels. Chemical peels are often used to minimize sun-damaged skin,
irregular color (pigment), and superficial scars. The top layer of skin is removed
with a chemical application to the skin. By removing the top layer, the skin
regenerates, often improving the skin's appearance.

Collagen injections. One type of collagen (made from purified cow collagen) is
injected beneath the skin. It replaces the body's natural collagen that has been
lost. Injectable collagen is generally used to treat wrinkles, scars, and facial
lines. There are several other types of injectable materials that can be used
also.

Cortisone injections. These types of injections can help soften and then shrink
hard scars. Keloids and hypertrophic scars often soften after intralesional
steroid injections.

Cryosurgery. Cryosurgery can help reduce the size of scars by freezing the top
skin layers. The freezing causes the skin to blister.

Laser resurfacing. Laser resurfacing uses high-energy light to burn away

damaged skin. Laser resurfacing may be used to minimize wrinkles and refine
hypertrophic scars.

Punch grafts. Punch grafts are small skin grafts to replace scarred skin. A hole
is punched in the skin to remove the scar. Then the scar is replaced with
unscarred skin (often from the back of the earlobe). Punch grafts can help treat
deep acne scars.
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 Surgical scar revision. Surgical scar revision involves removing the entire scar
surgically and rejoining the skin. A new scar will form. But the goal of this
surgery is to create a less obvious scar. Surgical scar revision is usually done
on wide or long scars, scars that healed in an unusual way, or scars in very
visible places.

Radiation therapy. This is not used often. It's used mainly for scars resistant to
other treatments.

What are the different types of scars and treatment?

Abnormal scars sometimes form after a wound has healed.

There are many different types of scars, including:

Keloid scars
These are thick, rounded, irregular clusters of scar tissue that grow at the site of a
wound on the skin, but beyond the edges of the borders of the wound. They often
appear red or darker in color, as compared to the surrounding normal skin. Keloids
are formed from collagen that the body produces after a wound has healed. These
scars may appear anywhere on the body. But they are more common on the chest,
back, shoulders, and earlobes. They occur more often in darker-skinned people.
Keloid scars may occur up to 1 year after the original trauma to the skin.

Treatment for keloid scars varies. There is no one simple cure for keloid scars.

Recurrence after treatment is common. Treatment may include the following:

Steroid injections. Steroids are injected directly into the scar tissue to help
decrease the itching, redness, and burning sensations that these scars may
produce. Sometimes, the injections help to decrease the size of the scar and
soften the scar tissue. Atrophy and skin discoloration are the main side effects.

Cryotherapy. Cryotherapy involves the scar being frozen off.

Pressure therapy. Pressure therapy involves a type of pressure appliance worn

over the area of the scar. These may be worn day and night for up to 4 to 6
months. Their usefulness remains unclear.

Silicone dioxide. Applied in the form of a gel or pad, this can help soften and
decrease the redness of keloids.

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 Surgery. If the keloid scar is not responsive to nonsurgical management
options, surgery may be performed. One type of surgery directly removes the
scar formation with an incision, and stitches are placed to help close the
wound. Sometimes, skin grafts are used to help close the wound. This involves
replacing or attaching skin to an area that is missing skin. Skin grafts are
performed by taking a piece of healthy skin from another area of the body
(called the donor site) and attaching it to the needed area. Surgery is not
performed often on hypertrophic scars and keloids due to the high rate of
recurrence or creation of even larger keloids.

Laser surgery. Scars may be treated with a variety of different lasers,

depending on the underlying cause of the scar. Lasers may be used to smooth
a scar, remove the abnormal color of a scar, or flatten a scar. Most laser
therapy for scars is done in conjunction with other treatments, including
injections of steroids, use of special dressings, and the use of bandages.
Multiple treatments may be required, regardless of the initial type of therapy.
Pulse dye laser is a good choice to use for keloids.

Radiation. This can be used for scars that don't respond to other treatments.

Hypertrophic scars
Hypertrophic scars are similar to keloid scars. But their growth is confined within
the boundaries of the original skin defect and may be more responsive to
treatment. These scars may also look red, and are usually thick and raised.
Hypertrophic scars usually start to develop within weeks after the injury to the skin.
Hypertrophic scars may improve naturally. But this process may take up to a year
or more.

In treating hypertrophic scars, steroids may be the first line of therapy. But there is
not 1 simple cure. Steroids may be given as an injection. Or they may be directly
applied to the scar, although topical application may not be useful. These scars
may also be removed surgically. Often, steroid injections are used along with the
surgery. The injections may continue up to 2 years after the surgery to help
maximize healing and decrease the chance of the scar returning. Like keloids,
hypertrophic scars may respond to topical silicone dioxide application.

Contractures
Contractures are an abnormal occurrence that happens when a large area of skin
is damaged and lost, resulting in a scar. The scar formation pulls the edges of the
skin together, causing a tight area of skin. The decrease in the size of the skin can
then affect the muscles, joints, and tendons, causing a decrease in movement.

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There are many different surgical treatment options for contractures, including the
following:

Skin graft or skin flap. Skin grafts or skin flaps are done after the scar tissue is
removed. Skin grafts involve replacing or attaching skin to a part of the body
that is missing skin. Skin grafts are done by taking a piece of healthy skin from
another area of the body (called the donor site) and attaching it to the needed
area. Skin flaps are similar to skin grafts, where a part of the skin is taken from
another area. But with the skin flaps, the skin that is taken has its own blood
supply. The section of skin used includes the underlying blood vessels, fat, and
muscles. Flaps may be used when the area that is missing the skin does not
have a good supply of blood. That may be because of the location or because
of damage to the vessels.

Z-plasty. This procedure uses a Z-shaped incision to help decrease the amount
of contractures of the surrounding skin. It also may try to relocate the scar so
that its edges look more like the normal lines and creases of the skin. Small
stitches may be used to help hold the skin in place.

Tissue expansion. This is a newer technique. It involves a process that

increases the amount of existing tissue available for reconstructive purposes.
This procedure is often used in addition to the flap surgery.

Adhesions

This is another type of scarring that may form between unconnected internal
organs. Adhesions may cause complications during certain surgeries.

Recovery from scar revision surgery

Follow all instructions to help maximize your recovery and healing. Your healthcare
provider will advise you on all activity restrictions, depending on the type of surgery
that was done. Scars can't be removed completely. Many factors will be involved in
the degree of healing of your particular scar. Some scars take more than a year
after surgery to show improvement in how they look.

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MODULE 3
 Camouflage Practice
MODULE 3

PRESS PLAY ABOVE

HOW TO TELL IF YOUR NEEDLE IS TOO LONG

If you’re tattooing and no pigment comes out (and you’ve adequately dipped your
needle into the pigment) and all you see is blood, your needle might be too long.

HOW TO TELL IF YOUR NEEDLE IS TOO SHORT

If you’re tattooing and excessive amounts of pigment begins to pour out, your
needle might be too short.

OUTLINE

For outlining, you should keep your machine straight and upright by holding it at 90-
degree from the skin.

SHADING

For shading your machine will be swinging at a 65-85 degree angle.

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 SKIN STRETCH
Skin stretch is very important for proper pigment placement. Stretching allows us to
place the pigment directly to the dermis while minimizing pain and sensitivity.
Stretching prevents the needle from tugging on the client’s skin and unnecessarily
hurting them. Your stretching hand will be the hand that isn’t holding the machine. If
you are right-handed, your stretching hand will be your left hand and vice versa.

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF STRETCHING

2-POINT STRETCH: Using your thumb and your pointer finger or your middle
finger, you want to stretch the skin in the opposite direction of each finger to stretch
along the skin.

3-POINT STRETCH: To do a 3-point stretch, you will do a 2-point stretch with your
stretching hand and with the pinky of your machine hand, you will stretch outwards.
Your stretching hand will be stretching in the opposite direction as well.

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MODULE 4
 Device Presentation
MODULE 4

MACHINES
WIRELESS PMU MACHINE

For the digital machine we use to produce camouflage, we use a

wireless PMU Machine.

FEATURES

Wireless machine (Can be used wired as well)

3 speeds available
Lasts 3-4 hours on a full charge
Wireless PMU machine can be used for lip blush services,
eyeliner services, etc.

DEPTH OF NEEDLE
HOW DOES INCORRECT
NEEDLE DEPTH AFFECT THE
HEALED RESULT COLOR?

• Too much pressure/Too

deep: Too much pressure
causes the pigment to be
implanted deeper than you
should

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DURING THE TATTOO PROCEDURE

During the tattoo procedure, while the client is laying

down, you will be seated on your client’s right side if
you are right-handed. If you are left-handed, you will be
seated on your client’s left side. This body placement
allows for better hand placement.

The hand that holds the machine tends to rest

anywhere that feels comfortable at the time. This
changes constantly depending on which section of the
body you are working on and the client’s structure.

MACHINE GRIP
DURING THE TATTOO PROCEDURE

If you are right-handed, your right hand will be your

machine hand. This is the hand that holds the
machine. If you are left-handed, your left hand will
hold the machine.

Your pointer finger and your middle finger will cradle

the machine at the opposite sides of it. Your thumb
will rest loosely but firmly to secure the machine.

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 MACHINE ANGLES &
NEEDLE DEPTH DURING THE TATTOO PROCEDURE

The needle length can be adjusted using the machine. The needle length should be
2.0-2.5mm and only approximately 1/5 of the needle should enter the skin.

Although the machine has numerical adjustments that is meant is represent the
needle length in mm (millimeters), we don’t want to rely on the measurement on the
machine, we always want to use our eyes to check the needle length.
To adjust the needle, twist the knob on the machine.

The thickness of every client's’ skin is very different. Because of this, you always
want to begin with lighter pressure/less needle depth when tattooing. Start with less
needle depth, check if the pigment remains in the skin. If the pigment doesn’t
remain in the skin or if the pigment is too light, gradually increase pressure. Once
the skin begins taking the pigment, remain at that needle depth. Do not increase
pressure in attempt to speed up the tattoo process. Excessive needle depth may
lead to healing too cool or overworked skin. Overworked skin will lead to poor
retention after the healing process.

In order to check the depth of the needle penetration into the skin, we must use our
tactile senses and recognize the level of vibration in the skin. With practice, you will
be able to sense the perfect needle depth and skin vibration.

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MODULE 5
 Camouflage Techniques
MODULE 5
IMPLANTATION TECHNIQUES

The objective of this article is to learn the ideal and most frequently used
techniques to implant pigments for cosmetic and body art tattooing. I have divided
the more popular pigment/ink implantation techniques into groups depending on
the movement. Also, as you read you will learn why some techniques deposit more
pigment than others, and the influence of the speed you work with. It is my hope to
assist you in differentiating and properly applying each technique.

Most technicians would agree tattoo techniques can be categorized in three

different implantation movement families.

a. Dots (pointillism)
b. Circular (coils, ovalvoid, spiral)
c. Lines (sketching, strokes)

Dotting: The Dotting techniques are considered to be methods of saturation since

the pigment is implanted cylindrically and in a deeper manner. These techniques
are considered to be very gentle and do not traumatize the area. However, they
can also be the most uncomfortable. Some feel the dotting techniques should be
used only for lining. Using these techniques for camouflaging or filling, according to
some, can result in a less than desirable effect. Yet, when applied on thick, oily or
traumatized skin it could ultimately be the best option.

Absolutes in permanent makeup are not a good idea and I want to leave the option
of using this technique on specific types of skin open for consideration. The use of
different needle configurations depends on the type of machine being used.

Generally, I do not recommend more than a three-prong cluster needle when using
the lighter rotary pen devices and the dotting technique. The use of larger cluster
needles and pointillism do not deposit enough pigment. This happens due to the
bouncing of the needles off the skin. Use a perpendicular projection when using
pointillism.

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Circular: These techniques are divided into:

1. Tight circles
2. Open Coil or Ovalvoid
3. Oblong – loose oval shaped circles Circular
or coil techniques are used for both permanent
makeup procedures and body tattoos.

Coil techniques are performed in circular

motion. These techniques can be applied for
lining, filling and camouflaging procedures. Be
very cautious since these techniques are
aggressive, especially if using an incorrect
needle configuration for the job at hand. The
wider the diameter of the coil or circular
movement, the less color is infiltrated in the
center portion of the coil, giving a softer effect.

Also, consider that the speed you work with

influences the amount of pigment deposited.
To deposit more pigment, work slowly to let the
needle penetrate the skin more times per
second in the same area. Try to maintain the
same movement during the whole procedure
for the least skin trauma. Use a perpendicular
projection when using clustered needles, and
an oblique projection when using flats.

Very tight circular movements create a slightly

wider line than obtained by the linear
movement. To fill the lips or create a solid
effect on eyebrows, you can use the looser
circles or ovalvoid technique using clustered
needles and a perpendicular projection.

When using flats, work with an oblique

projection and the oblong technique. The
difference between the ovalvoid and the
oblong is that the ovalvoid is more circular and
the oblong is more flat and long.

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Lines: Lines, scratching, stroking or sketching movement techniques are divided
into the following groups:

1. Short and overlapping strokes in one direction.

2. Long and firm strokes in one direction.
3. Short overlap strokes in two directions, horizontally or pendulum.
4. Short overlap strokes in two vertical directions or zigzag.
5. Long strokes in a continuing and rapid movement or shadowing, feathering or
brooming technique.
6. Continuous line – one continuous line with no breaks from start to finish point. In
both cosmetic and body tattooing, these techniques are the most popular.

Any flat or clustered needle can be used. You can use perpendicular or oblique
projections depending on the needle configuration and the effect desired.

The length of the stroke of the first five techniques determines the saturation.

The longer the stroke, the less color that will be deposited and the softer the result.
The exception to this is the continuous outline technique. In this line the tattoo
artist can create a long consistently firm line or a softer, more delicate line by
controlling depth and angle of implantation along with needle selection. It is the
most difficult of the lining styles to master.

All linear techniques can be used to outline, fill, or camouflage. They can be
moved from left to right or up and down at different angles to the skin to create
different results.

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MODULE 6
 Pigmentation & Colorimetry
MODULE 6

THE SCIENCE
OF PIGMENTS

WHAT ARE PIGMENTS MADE OF?

There are two types of pigments used in permanent makeup/cosmetic tattoo

industry:

1.ORGANIC PIGMENTS
2.INORGANIC PIGMENTS

ORGANIC PIGMENTS

Very few pigment companies produce 100% organic pigments. Organic pigments
are obtained from plants and animals. For example, green pigments may be
derived from kiwis, red pigments may be derived from berries, etc. (ingredients vary
with colors and manufacturers). Organic pigments are essentially made from
carbon derivatives. Organic pigments have a shorter life expectancy but they
produce brighter colors. When tattooed, organic pigments are more vibrant on the
skin.

Organic pigments are soluble, meaning they can be dissolved in solvent. Organic
pigments are “coated” in hydroxide of alumina, and are insoluble, meaning they
cannot be dissolved in a solvent. An example of soluble vs. insoluble would be:
sugar is soluble because when combined with water it dissolves, while oil is
insoluble because when mixed with water it stays separated.

Organic pigments are coated in hydroxide alumina to prevent pigments from

dissolving in our body. Once coated with hydroxide alumina, the pigment becomes
heavier and will hold under the skin better and increase color retention. Another
advantage of coating the organic pigments is that the coat isolates the organic
pigment from our body which will reduce the risk of an allergic reaction.
Contrary to popular beliefs, organic pigments are not the safest options because
vegetable dyes cause serious allergic reactions. Therefore, organic pigments are
more likely to cause an allergic reaction compared to inorganic pigments.

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INORGANIC PIGMENTS

Inorganic pigments are widely used in permanent makeup and they are popular in
renowned pigment lines. Inorganic pigments are synthetically produced from
metals such as iron oxides, titanium oxides, manganese violet, etc. Over 95% of
major PMU pigments use both organic and inorganic colorants in their pigment
lines.

WHAT IS IRON OXIDE?

Iron oxide is widely used in inorganic pigments because it is the most stable and
most common material compared to other elements. Iron oxide is found in a wide
array of cosmetic tattoo pigments and they are made synthetically. Iron oxide is
gentle, non-toxic, non-irritating and provides a variety of color. Iron oxide particles
are larger than the size of carbon particles and, therefore, do not last as long under
the skin. When used on the skin, iron oxide is usually hypoallergenic and they’re
even great for those with sensitive skin. There are no studies and no research that
show that they are allergens or irritants. Iron oxides have been most commonly
used in cosmetics for over a century and they are safe ingredients in the
manufacturing of cosmetics and beauty products.

WHAT IS TITANIUM DIOXIDE?

Titanium Dioxide is a naturally occurring mineral that is processed and purified for
cosmetic tattoo inks. It has a very large molecule that gives opacity to pigments.

PARTICLE SIZE: WHY DOES IT MATTER?

Pigments with smaller particle sizes will last longer in the skin compared to
pigments with larger particle sizes.
Yellow has a large particle size, therefore, yellow usually fades first.
Red has a small particle size, therefore, red lasts very long in the skin.
This is why I keep my pigments dark and cool. Darker pigments tend to be
cooler and I keep my pigment selection generally cool because red is very hard
and stubborn to correct. Therefore, red eyebrows are much harder to correct
than grey eyebrows.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 SKIN TONES
AND UNDERTONES.

Understanding skin tones and undertones is important for finding the right color for
your client and preventing residual color. Skin tone and undertone are two different
things. Skin tone is your skin color. It’s determined by the amount of skin pigment
(melanin) in the uppermost layer of the skin. Undertone is the hue from underneath
the surface of your skin. Skin tone can change overtime however undertone does
not.

There are different ways to classify skin tone. You can classify skin type by using
descriptions ranging from ivory to ebony or you can use a numerical scientific skin
type classification commonly known as the Fitzpatrick Scale.

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 FITZPATRICK
SCALE

The Fitzpatrick scale is a numerical, scientific system to classify skin color. This
system is based on the amount of pigment in your skin and your skin’s reaction to
sun exposure. When choosing a pigment color for your client, it is important to
consider their skin tone. The following are the 6 Fitzpatrick skin types along with
their characteristics such as skin color, sun reaction, tanning abilities, and
associated details.*

*The features listed of each Fitzpatrick type are common examples and
characteristics. These characteristics are not limited to the above.

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 UNDERTONE
In addition to skin tones, understanding the different undertones will allow you to
know which pigments to choose for your clients and which pigments to avoid to
prevent residual color. Undertones, unlike skin tones, never change and they are
based on your skin’s underlying hue. There are 3 major undertones: warm, cool
and neutral.

If your client’s undertone is warm, you should avoid pigments with too much
warmth. You should typically choose a pigment color that is slightly more cool-
neutral. This will prevent your client’s brows from fading to red. If your client’s
undertone is cool, you should avoid pigments that are too cool. You should typically
choose a pigment that is slightly more warm- neutral. This will prevent your client’s
treatment from fading to grey. For neutral undertones, you should avoid choosing
pigments that are both too warm or cool.

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 SKIN TYPES
AND HOW TO WORK
WITH THEM..

Combination
Normal

Oily
Dry
Sensitive/Acne

Mature

As a PMU artist, you will come across all types of skin. It is important to be familiar
with the different types of skin in order to be prepared on how to properly handle
each case. Your client’s skin type and skin health have a major impact on how it
will react during the procedure and how the healed results will turn out.

Skin type is determined by the amount of oil on your face. Skin can be categorized
into 6 basic categories: normal, dry, oily, combination,sensitive/acne-prone, and
mature.

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NORMAL
HOW TO TELL

Your client’s skin is well-balanced – not too dry and not

too oily. She doesn’t experience many breakouts or
flakiness. She doesn’t tend to react negatively to
weather changes or new skincare products. She has a
balanced t-zone.

WHAT TO EXPECT / HOW TO HANDLE

Clients with normal skin take pigments very well and

their healed results are usually exceptional.

DRY
HOW TO TELL

Your client’s skin generally looks and feels dry and

dehydrated. Dryness is caused by the lack of oil in the
skin. Her skin may sometimes feel flaky, rough, scaly,
itchy or irritated. Her skin may also feel tight at times and
it may show small, fine lines when the skin is pinched
together.

WHAT TO EXPECT / HOW TO HANDLE

Clients with dry skin usually take pigments very well and
have the best retention. However, if your client has
exceptionally dry skin and experiences dry patches and
flakiness, you may notice that during the procedure the
brows may look unblended since pigment may take
more on those dry patches.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

OILY
HOW TO TELL

Your client’s skin has an excess of oil, most commonly

on her t-zone (forehead, nose, and chin) and her skin
may always seem to be glowing. She may feel as
though make up and skincare don’t stick throughout
the day. Oily skin often has large pore, look shiny and
feel greasy. Your client may be prone to breakouts and
blemishes.

WHAT TO EXPECT / HOW TO HANDLE

Clients with oily skin tend to have poor retention with

lighter and patchier healed results. With oily skinned
clients, you may want to use a darker color or shade
more for better healed results. Going for a bold style
will allow for the brows to last longer. You may notice
that during the procedure the treatment may take
longer to complete. Excessive skin oil tends to promote
fading so you may advise that healed results may be
light and patchy.

COMBINATION
HOW TO TELL

Your client’s skin may have both dry and oily areas.
For example, she may experience oiliness on her t-
zone and dryness on her cheeks. Many clients with
combination skin tend to have trouble figuring out what
type of skin they have since they experience both
dryness and oiliness.

WHAT TO EXPECT / HOW TO HANDLE

Clients with combination skin may have mixed results.

This depends on whether the skin area is oily or dry. If
the area shows signs of oiliness, please refer to the
oily skin type section and if the area is usually dry,
please refer to the dry skin type section.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

SENSITIVE/ACNE
HOW TO TELL

Your client’s skin is well-balanced – not too dry and not

too oily. She doesn’t experience many breakouts or
flakiness. She doesn’t tend to react negatively to
weather changes or new skincare products. She has a
balanced t-zone.

WHAT TO EXPECT / HOW TO HANDLE

Clients with normal skin take pigments very well and
their healed results are usually exceptional.

MATURE
HOW TO TELL

Your client’s skin generally looks and feels dry and

dehydrated. Dryness is caused by the lack of oil in the
skin. Her skin may sometimes feel flaky, rough, scaly,
itchy or irritated. Her skin may also feel tight at times and
it may show small, fine lines when the skin is pinched
together.

WHAT TO EXPECT / HOW TO HANDLE

Clients with dry skin usually take pigments very well and
have the best retention. However, if your client has
exceptionally dry skin and experiences dry patches and
flakiness, you may notice that during the procedure the
skin may look unblended since pigment may take more
on those dry patches.

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 IDENTIFYING
THE SKIN TYPE
Identifying the skin type, the nuances of its tone and the most
flattering pigments to use are probably the most difficult tasks for
the specialist in permanent make-up. Let's startat
the beginning.

WHAT GIVES THE SKIN ITS COLOR?

When looking at various types of skin, we can see the color, or better yet, the
tones. These can be tones of brown, yellow, pink, red, orange, blue and green.
Skin color depends on various factors, including blood flow, but the main ones are
the following three: melanin (brown), keratin (yellow) and hemoglobin (red).

MELANIN

Melanin is an organic pigment in our skin. It absorbs ultraviolet rays, thus

protecting the deeper layers of the skin from radiation damage and infuses color
into the skin. There are two types of melanin- pheomelanin and eumelanin.

Pheomelanin serves to form yellow and red pigments. It has a weak capacity for
photo absorption of sunlight. Pheomelanin prevails in the skin of people with a
reddish complexion (we often call them copper top).

On the other hand, eumelanin serves to form brown and black pigments. The
intensity of dark color is determined by two types of eumelanin. For example,
brown eumelanin is responsible for fair hair, whereas black eumelanin is
responsible for dark hair. Eumelanin prevails darker skin tones.

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KERATIN

Keratin belongs to the fibrous protein category. It forms the basis of the epidermis
of the skin and its derivatives, namely hair and nails.Although insoluble in water,
keratin is capable of bonding and retaining water molecules, like all other proteins.
Keratin is synthesized by the skin.

Its continuous regeneration produces germ cells located on the basal membrane
of the skin. During maturation, these germ cells gradually move toward the skin
surface. In the last stage of their development, they transform into horny scales.
The life cycle of the skin cell from its birth to its shedding from the skin surface,
takes two to four weeks, depending on the area of the body.

Keratin imparts a yellow tone to the skin, and we obtain this protein through the
food we eat. The intensity of this yellow hue also depends on the thickness of our
skin.

HEMOGLOBIN

Hemoglobin is a complex, iron-rich protein capable of reversibly binding to

oxygen molecules and facilitating its transfer into the tissues.The main functions of
hemoglobin are to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and then to return
carbon dioxide from these tissues to the lungs. Hemoglobin makes our blood red.
Thanks to hemoglobin, our cheeks turn pink and we're able to blush with emotions
when, under the influence of the hormones released, the blood vessels dilate.

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II. TYPES OF SKIN COLOR

THE FlTZPATRICK SCALE

In 1975, American dermatologist Dr Thomas Fitzpatrick conducted research and

created a system for classifying skin types based on the response intensity of
human melanosomes and melanocytes to ultraviolet light. First there were only
three types, but in 1985, the classification was expanded to six types. As a result,
the Fitzpatrick Scale was born.

IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF PERMANENT MAKE-UP

To properly identify the skin type, you need to bear in mind that there are
countless mixed marriages, nowadays.Because of this, we often deal with
complexions that belong to subgroups of the above-mentioned groups.

Suppose there were mixed marriages between individuals with the first skin type
(with a pink skin tone) and the sixth skin type (with a blue skin tone). A person
born from such parents is likely to have a complexion that corresponds more
closely to the fourth or fifth type. When mixing second and fourth types - the third
category will usually arise. A very complex and challenging situation we come
across is when the fourth and fifth groups are mixed, as both have many tones in
themselves.

While the skin can change its color when tanned, the tone remains the same
throughout life; some changes may appear, though, due to using certain
medications or eating certain foods that are rich in keratin.

When selecting pigment color and technique to use when applying permanent
make-up, it is necessary to consider the structure of the skin.

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 FITZPATRICK QUIZ

FITZPATRICK SKIN TYPE QUIZ PART I

The Fitzpatrick Skin Type is a skin classification system used to determine the
skin’s response to UV radiation exposure. Take the quiz below to discover your
skin type (skin types range from very fair [Type I] to very dark [Type VI]), and
then read the analysis for some sun safety advice tailored to your skin type.

GENETIC DISPOSITION

Your eye color is: Light blue, light gray or light green = 0 points
Blue, gray or green = 1 point Hazel or light brown = 2 points
Dark brown = 3 points Brownish black = 4 points

Your natural hair color is:

Red or light blonde = 0 points Blonde = 1 point

Dark blonde or light brown = 2 points
Dark brown = 3 points Black = 4 points

Your natural skin color (before sun exposure) is:

Ivory white = 0 points Fair or pale = 1 point

Fair to beige, with golden undertone = 2 points
Olive or light brown = 3 points
Dark brown or black = 4 points

How many freckles do you have on unexposed areas of your skin?

Many = 0 points
Several = 1 point
A few = 2 points
Very few = 3 points
None = 4 points

Total score for genetic disposition (Part I): ______

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PART II: REACTION TO EXTENDED SUN EXPOSURE

How does your skin respond to the sun?

Always burns, blisters and peels = 0

Often burns, blisters and peels = 1 point
Burns moderately = 2
Burns rarely, if at all = 3
Never burns = 4 Does your skin tan?
Never --
I always burn = 0
Seldom = 1 point
Sometimes = 2 Often = 3
Always = 4

How deeply do you tan?

Not at all or very little = 0

Lightly = 1 point
Moderately = 2
Deeply = 3
My skin is naturally dark = 4

How sensitive is your face to the sun?

Very sensitive = 0
Sensitive = 1 point Normal = 2
Resistant = 3
Very resistant/Never had a problem = 4

Total score for reaction to extended sun exposure (Part II): ______

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RESULTS

Skin Type I (0-6 points): Your skin always burns and never tans in the sun. You
are extremely susceptible to skin damage as well as cancers like basal cell
carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma (the deadliest type of skin
cancer). Seek shade when you are out in the sun. Cover up as much as possible
with a hat, sun-protective clothing, and sunglasses. Wear a broad-spectrum
sunscreen with SPF 30+. Check your skin head-to-toe each month. Tell your
healthcare provider about any suspicious growths, and have an annual
professional skin exam.

Skin Type II (7-12 points): Your skin almost always burns and rarely tans in the
sun. You are highly susceptible to skin damage as well as cancers like basal cell
carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. You are also at high risk for melanoma
(the deadliest type of skin cancer). Seek shade when you are out in the sun.
Cover up as much as possible with a hat, sun-protective clothing, and
sunglasses. Wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30+. Check your skin
head-to-toe each month. Tell your healthcare provider about any suspicious
growths, and have an annual professional skin exam.

Skin Type III (13-18 points): Your skin sometimes burns and sometimes tans in
the sun. You are susceptible to skin damage as well as cancers like basal cell
carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. You are also at risk for melanoma (the
deadliest type of skin cancer). Seek shade between 10 AM – 4 PM, when the sun
is strongest. Cover up with a hat, sun-protective clothing, and sunglasses. Wear
a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30+. Check your skin head-to-toe each
month. Tell your healthcare provider about any suspicious growths, and have an
annual professional skin exam.

Skin Type IV (19-24 points): Your skin tends to tan easily and is less likely to
burn. But, you are still at risk of skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma,
squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma (the deadliest type of skin cancer).
Seek shade between 10 AM – 4 PM, when the sun is strongest. Cover up with a
hat, sun-protective clothing, and sunglasses. Wear a broad spectrum sunscreen
with SPF 30+. Check your skin head-to-toe each month. Tell your healthcare
provider about any suspicious growths, and have an annual professional skin
exam.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 TANNING

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU TAN YOUR STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE?

Stretch mark camouflage technique covers up your stretch marks, scars and all
sorts of skin discolorations! But what happens to it when you tan?

Based on research over the last decade scientist assume that 70% of world’s
population has stretch marks. That includes both men and women.

You probably heard numerous explanations how the stretch marks develop, so we
will do a shorter and clearer explanation.

Our skin tissue is divided in different layers. Let’s break it down to just the main 3:
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis.

Dermis is the thickest layer of our skin.

Dermis is home to collagen and elastin fibers. You probably heard a lot about
collagen in the past few years, since it is no.1 secret weapon of major beauty
companies. Everyone is doing a skin care line or ampoules with collagen boost.

But does it work when it comes to stretch marks or scars?

We all know at this point, that collagen is crucial when it comes to skin aging and it
is also crucial in skin regeneration.

Stretch marks are a way of tissue scarring and what you may not know is that
where the stretch mark form, the collagen and elastin fibers broke.

That means that skin can’t heal herself to look like the rest of the skin. When
stretch marks are still red the inflammation phase is still present and when they are
healed they turn white.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



For those of you, who are not so skin flash oriented and are not confident when it
comes to stretch marks or scars on your body, we have a new technique to cover
them up.

Stretch mark camouflage is a pmu (permanent make up) technique and we are
performing it on a daily basis. We use a special designed device to implement
pigments similar to your skin tone to cover up the stretch marks, scars.

If you haven’t heard of the stretch mark camouflage treatment you can read more
about it here.

So, when we perform the stretch mark camouflage and when you heal you will hop
into your favourite pair of bikinis. A lot of people are asking us what happens if they
tan their fresh stretch mark camouflage on their skin.

And here is the answer.

First things first. Stretch marks are white. Your skin tone is let’s say peachy beige.
You can imagine the contrast right?

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



So when we are done with the

procedure, your stretch marks are
not white anymore but look just
like your peachy beige skin tone.
They are now even to your
normal tone.

When you go to the beach and

tan, your skin tone turns into
bronze beige. That is a five skin
tone difference. Well, the
camouflage doesn’t change the
color. But, the contrast between
previous white stripes and the
stripes we matched to your skin
tone is HUGE!

Not only your stretch marks or scars will look less noticeable, they will look more
‘’healthy’’ because they are not white anymore.

However, do not forget to use sun protection (50+) on your body and your treated
areas, because the stretch mark camouflage is not a protection. It is a skin
pigmentation for cosmetic purpose only.

If you are willing to give a shot you should try this technique on yourself. The best
part of it is it doesn’t hurt and gives great results.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 Permablend
SCAR SET

MixITUP! with this new line of inks colors created by Mandy Sauler. As a set of 6,
these inks are designed to be mixed to match any skin tone and complexion,
setting you up for success to camouflage scars. These inks will provide high color
retention; they are made to last.

This 1/2oz. set includes the following colors:

Light Dermis - This color will be added to most a Fitzpatrick 1-3

Dark Dermis - Add this to your Brown Dermis to help match someone in the
Fitzpatrick 4,5 (Cool) Mix it Up with the Areola Set!
Pink Dermis - This is a great color to add to some skin types in Fitzpatrick 1,2
and is great mixed with a drop of Ash Dermis (Cool) Mix it Up with the Areola
Set!
Ash Dermis - This color will be added to all Fitzpatrick 1-3 (Cool)
No Gray Dermis - Add a drop or two of this color to anyone in the Fitzpatrick
3,4 (Warm)
Brown Dermis - This color is a great starting point for Fitzpatrick 3-5 and can
be used as a texturing for Fitzpatrick 1-3 (Warm)

Mix it Up with the Areola Set!

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 Permablend
AREOLA SET
MixITUP! using selective shades to find the perfect areola color.

Mandy Sauler created 8 ink colors that can be used to match any areola color
making color matching simple.

This 1/2oz. set includes the

following colors:

Prime L Skin - This is the base

color that can be used for
Areola with someone of a
Fitzpatrick 1-3 skin tone. (Warm)
Mix it Up with the scar set!
Prime D Skin - This is the
darkest color of browns for Areola.
This can be lightened with a middle
mixer, and lightened with a drop
of black to darken. (Warm) Mix it
Up with the scar set!
Yes Cool - Add this color to
Prime L Skin to make a natural areola
color. (Cool) Mix it Up with the scar set!
Pink Mixer - A couple drops of this can add a nice pink to your main Areola
color. This color can be mixed with your Middle Mixer for a nice nipple color.
(Warm)
High White - This can be used for highlights in your areola to help with details
and 3D nipples.
Low Black - This can be used to help you create a 3D nipple in darker skin
types.
No Pink - This color is only going to be used if you are having trouble
matching the undertone in certain skin types. Add just a dip or drop and it will
cancel out any pink. This color will help you find the perfect match to someone
in Fitzpatrick 3,4 (Cool)
Middle Mixer - This color is a great starting point for Fitzpatrick 3-5 and can be
used as a texturing for Fitzpatrick 1-3 (Warm)

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

MODULE 7
 HYGIENE
CONDITIONS
MODULE 7

GUIDELINES

We take you and your client’s safety personally, which is why we encourage you to
take caution when performing procedures, especially when bloodborne pathogens
are present.

In the United States of America, we have an official government agency assembled

to take on the responsibility of work safety. This official government agency is the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, more commonly known as OSHA.

Students going through our training courses should seek out a bloodborne
pathogen training course online as a safeguard to protect yourself and your clients
under OSHA. This training can provide you with the valuable information to protect
yourself from health hazards such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, malaria,
brucellosis, syphilis, West Nile virus, and COVID-19 just to name a few.

It is also recommended that students be certified in Infection Control and

Prevention, since one of the most common occupations for infections to happen
are in the healthcare and aesthetics fields. It is important to keep yourself and your
clients safe from contamination and infections, as well as reduce their ability to
spread. Although this is a needle-free procedure, you will still puncture the skin with
plasma energy so you will need to ensure the safety of yourself and your clients
from infections and spreading them. Infections can live in multiple areas, on various
materials, and on the client, which is why it is extremely important for you to know
how to prevent infections.

We recommend finding an accredited online course to help you safeguard yourself

and protect your clients.

**Bloodborne Pathogen or BBP certification is valid for 1 year and must be

renewed. **Infection Control and Prevention certification is valid for 2 years and
must be renewed.

Any occupation or line of work where you can possibly have blood exposure, you
need to take every precaution available to keep everyone safe.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



COVID-19 UPDATED PROTOCOLS

Considering the current global COVID-19 pandemic, the CDC or Center for
Disease Control and Prevention have passed guidelines to assist practitioners in
their daily sanitizing protocols. Below are the basic tips to keep in mind. Then we
will dive into safety methods to practice before, during, and after your client's
appointment.

BASIC TIPS TO FOLLOW

Because you are working so closely with your client and they will not have anything
over their mouth, the best way to keep yourself safe if it wears an N95 mask.
However, whether you can acquire one may depend on your state or region. If N95
is not obtainable, it is recommended that you always wear a 3-ply face mask.

If your clients are not having any work done on or around their mouths, or they are
only having a consultation, have them wear a face mask. This will reduce the
chance of contamination. If you or your clients show any symptoms, stay home to
reduce the chance of passing it on.

Be sure to sanitize everything from handles to chairs, to pens and anything in

between. Share your disinfection protocol with clients and if you have one, your
cancellation or rescheduling rules.

Maintain multiple sets of your tools (plasma pens, needles) and supplies to allow
for a quicker and more sanitary treatment turnaround time.

Maintain 6 feet distance when possible and do not touch your face even with
gloves on. Always wash your hands with a germicide-based soap and keep
everything sanitized. If you can purchase an autoclave, it is a wise investment. This
machine disinfects metal implements and tools. If you are unable to acquire one,
be sure to have a disinfecting solution to clean or wipe your tools and implements
with.

Provide yourself additional time to clean between procedures to ensure your

treatment space is disinfected. A support staff to help clean and keep the areas
sanitized would prove to be beneficial. Another great way to keep your environment
sterile and infection-free is to use a germicidal lamp.

Some states do not allow for a waiting room, so if you are in one of these states be
sure to schedule your clients accordingly to reduce their wait time. Also, you can
suggest that clients wait in their car, and then you can call them when you are
ready for them. If you are in a state that allows for a waiting room area, be sure the
clients are six feet apart and wearing face masks. Have hand sanitizer available for
them.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



Maintain 6 feet distance when possible and do not touch your face even with
gloves on. Always wash your hands with a germicide-based soap and keep
everything sanitized. If you can purchase an autoclave, it is a wise investment. This
machine disinfects metal implements and tools. If you are unable to acquire one,
be sure to have a disinfecting solution to clean or wipe your tools and implements
with.

Provide yourself additional time to clean between procedures to ensure your

treatment space is disinfected. A support staff to help clean and keep the areas
sanitized would prove to be beneficial. Another great way to keep your environment
sterile and infection-free is to use a germicidal lamp.

Some states do not allow for a waiting room, so if you are in one of these states be
sure to schedule your clients accordingly to reduce their wait time. Also, you can
suggest that clients wait in their car, and then you can call them when you are
ready for them. If you are in a state that allows for a waiting room area, be sure the
clients are six feet apart and wearing face masks. Have hand sanitizer available for
them.

Read up on your state's rules and regulations regarding Covid-19 to make sure you
are complying.

PRIOR TO PROCEDURE

Before your client comes, make sure the room and all your tools are sanitized and
clean. Have your hands washed using an alcohol-based soap, a nail brush, and have
your mask on ready to greet them. Make sure your working station is sanitized and
ready for them. It is recommended that you have multiple tools on hand. Do not touch
your client but greet them the best you can. Have them wear a mask or provide them
with one if possible. For your tools and products, be sure to have a sterilized tray to
hold them and keep your items organized.

AFTER PROCEDURE

After your work is complete, be sure to throw any linen or towels used in the
appropriate bins. Disinfect every tool, device, item, chair, and handle you or your
client encountered. Place your tools or machinery in the proper sanitizing solution or
in the autoclave to be rid of any possible contamination. Be sure you wash your
hands after the procedure once you have disposed of your gloves. Another level of
protection is to use contactless payment methods. The less surfaces touched, the
better. If this is not possible, wipe down your payment processing devices after each
use.

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INFECTION CONTROL

Now more than ever, we need to educate ourselves on how pathogens spread, and
what we can do to protect ourselves. In this module we will cover best practices for
preventing the spread of infection, but we encourage you to take an infection
control course to be fully aware of how best to protect yourself and your clients.

HOW INFECTION SPREADS

Direct and Indirect Contact

We can encounter germs by touching a surface that has been contaminated by
someone coughing or sneezing on it, or by infectious particles being transferred to
the object in another manner. This is transmission via indirect contact. Direct
contact involves directly touching another person.

Droplet Transmission
Droplets from sneezing, coughing, or talking can briefly travel in the air and infect
another person though the mouth, nose, or eyes. Wearing a face mask greatly
helps reduce the chance of droplet-borne transmission.

Airborne Transmission
When infectious particles are small enough to float in the air for an extended
period, they can cause airborne transmission of disease.

REDUCE THE SPREAD OF INFECTION

It's helpful to know the chain of infection so that we can learn ways to disrupt this
chain and reduce the chance of spreading sickness. The chain of infection is a
sequence of events that must occur to cause a sickness.

THE CHAIN OF INFECTION

Infectious Agent: This is the microscopic pathogen that can cause an infection.
Reservoir: Reservoirs are places in the environment where the infectious agent
lives such as on or within an animal or human host.
Portal of Exit: This is the specific way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir.
- For example, many viruses exit a host by the respiratory tract. Bloodborne
pathogens exist in the blood, so their portal of exit could be a cut or scratch.
Mode of Transmission: There are many ways infections can be spread. The
three most common ways an infectious agent can be transmitted to another
host are by droplets (coughing, sneezing, talking), direct and indirect contact
and airborne particles.
Portal of Entry: A portal of entry is the way the infectious agent enters its new
host. This could be through the nose, mouth, or other tissues.
Susceptible Host: The susceptible host is the person the pathogen enters and
infects.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

BREAKING THE CHAIN OF INFECTION

Eliminating or Inactivating the Infectious Agent | Example- pest control,

antibiotics, antiviral medication, sterilizing surfaces, washing hands
Preventing Contact | Example- isolating or quarantining infected individual
Preventing Infectious Agent Escape | Example- covering the mouth when
coughing or sneezing, wearing a face mask
Blocking the Ports of Entry | Example- wearing gloves, using a mosquito net
while sleeping, wearing a face mask, wearing a face shield
Resisting the Host | Example- natural immune response, vaccines

CROSS INFECTION

DIRECT CROSS
INDIRECT CROSS

INFECTION INFECTION

Occurs when an uninfected person comes into Occurs when an uninfected person makes contact
direct contact with the body or bodily fluids of an with an infected piece of equipment. If hygiene
infected person. Direct cross-infection could occur procedures are not in place, an uninfected person
by touching an infected area of skin or by inhaling could be treated with a towel or product that
air-borne droplets ejected from the nose or mouth carries bacteria, fungi or viruses.
when an infected person is coughing or sneezing.

PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INFECTION

The best way to stop infections from spreading is by interrupting the chain of
infection. The two main categories for breaking the chain of infection are standard
precautions and transmission-based precautions.

Hand Washing

A simple yet effective way to reduce infections. Many pathogens, including

coronaviruses have a fatty outer cell membrane. Soap can breakdown and dissolve
fat. When you wash your hands, the soap is disrupting the molecular bond of these
infectious substances. If you lather up long enough, you can completely kill many
types of bacteria, viruses, and other infectious agents. Wash your hands for 20
seconds to help prevent spreading infection to yourself or someone else.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE



Sanitation

One of the most efficient ways to prevent the transmission of infections is to keep
your work environment clean and sanitized.

Surgical spirit / Isopropyl

Alcohol
This is useful for wiping implements between client. Surgical spirit will
inhibit the growth
of bacteria so is ideal for wiping down surfaces in
the workplace such
as trolleys and couches.

Chemical agents
The chemical agents
used for sterilisation can be diluted and used on
weaker materials
and plastic implements; the dilution process
reduces the number of micro-organisms but does not destroy all

bacteria, fungi and viruses. Milton is effective against most types of

bacteria and can be
used for cleaning surfaces and floors.

Alcohol-impregnated wipes
These wipes can be
used to reduce micro-organisms; they are available
commercially, ideal
for the workplace and are disposable.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Another way in which you can control the spread of infection is to use personal
protective equipment or PPE. Personal protective equipment is an inexpensive yet
effective way to impact two different sequences within the chain of infection. They
can prevent transmission through a portal of exit or infection by blocking portals of
entry.

PPE OPTIONS

Masks, Goggles, Face Shields: used during procedures that are likely to
generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, and secretions
Gloves: used whenever there is a potential for contact with blood, body fluids,
mucous membranes, broken skin, or contaminated equipment

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

MODULE 8
 HEALING AFTER
TREATMENT
MODULE 8
In order for your scar to heal properly (and look its best) these Pre & Post Care Instructions
found below are of the UTMOST IMPORTANCE! Pre-Care instructions are designed to limit
bleeding during the service.

Attention Please: We strongly advise prospective new clients to book their appointments at
least 1 month in advance of Vacations, Weddings, and Special Occasions to allow any
scabbing to heal.

SCAR CAMOUFLAGE PRE-CARE

Do not work out 48 hours before procedure.

NO alcohol or caffeine 48 hours before procedure (Yes, there is caffeine in decaf coffee
and tea!).
Avoid sun and tanning on your scar area 2 weeks prior to your service.
Do not take Aspirin, Niacin, Vitamin E or Advil/Ibuprofen 48 hours before procedure.
Avoid Fish Oil, Prenatal Vitamins, Nutritional Shakes (Shakeology, etc), "Hair, Skin, Nail"
supplements two weeks prior to procedure.

SCAR CAMOUFLAGE POST-CARE

1. With clean hands, gently wash area using a fragrance-free gel cleanser (such as Cetaphil
or Ceravie) and water.
2. Allow to completely dry before applying ointment (pat dry with paper towel or air dry).
3. Once fully dried, apply a thin layer of Aquaphor with clean fingertips. Repeat above steps
2x per day for 10 days after service.

DO NOT rub, pick or scratch the treated area. Let any scabbing or dry skin naturally exfoliate
off. Picking will cause more scarring!

Avoid sun exposure and tanning beds for a minimum of 4 weeks after your procedure. Direct
sunlight/tanning can cause hyperpigmentation and additional scarring.

NO underwater swimming and bathing for 4 weeks to avoid bacterial infection.

Avoid pool, sauna, steam rooms, steamy showers, and hot baths for 10 days.

The above Pre and Post-Care for brows will affect how quickly or slowly you heal in addition
to mature age, poor diet, stress, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, age, general
health, sleep/fatigue. The more fatigued you are the lower your immune system is and
infection is more likely to occur. Please get plenty of rest and drink lots of water to hydrate
prior to your procedure!

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

MODULE 9
 FAQS
MODULE 9
WHAT IS STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE TREATMENT?

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE WORKS DIRECTLY ON DAMAGED SKIN, SMOOTHING THE APPEARANCE OF
DIFFERENT SCARS AND STRETCH MARKS. THE TREATMENT BRINGS AMAZING RESULTS THROUGH THE USE
OF A DIGITAL PMU MACHINE ALONG WITH PRECISE MATCHING OF PIGMENT TO THE CLIENT’S SKIN TONE.
THE ENTIRE BASIS FOR CAMOUFLAGE TECHNIQUE, IS TO GLIDE THE NEEDLE GROUPINGS ACROSS THE VERY
SURFACE OF THE SKIN TO ADD A LIGHT DISPERSION OF FLESH TONE COLOR TO CAMOUFLAGE THE TREATED
AREA. AFTER THE TREATMENT THE TREATED AREA BLENDS WITH YOUR NATURAL SKIN TONE, MAKING THE
PROBLEM AREA LESS TO ZERO NOTICEABLE.

TREATMENT CAN BE DONE ON ALL COLORS OF SKIN, WITH ONLY DARK SKINS ARE USED WITH CAUTION AS
THEY ARE PRONE TO HYPERPIGMENTATION.30-60% IMPROVEMENT CAN BE SEEN IN JUST ONE SESSION,
HOWEVER 3 TREATMENTS ARE RECOMMENDED FOR BEST RESULTS.

IS THIS TREATMENT SUITABLE FOR ALL SKIN TYPES?

GENERALLY, YES! HOWEVER, THERE ARE A SMALL NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO THE TREATMENT WOULD NOT
BE SUITABLE FOR. YOUR STRETCH MARKS AND SCARS NEED TO BE AT LEAST TWO YEARS OLD, LIGHTER
THAN YOUR SKIN TONE AND COMPLETELY HEALED.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU TAN?

YOUR CAMOUFLAGED STRETCH MARKS AND SCARS WILL NOT CHANGE COLOR. IF YOU TAN, YOUR SKIN’S
OVERTONE WILL DARKEN, BUT YOUR STRETCH MARKS WILL REMAIN THE SAME COLOR AS YOUR NATURAL
SKIN-TONED CAMOUFLAGE. OVERALL, YOUR STRETCH MARKS WILL STILL BE CAMOUFLAGED BECAUSE THE
“WHITE” IS NO LONGER THERE. IN SHORT, THERE’S LESS OF AN OBVIOUS CONTRAST.

HOW LONG IS THE DOWNTIME?

THIS IS A NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE SIMILAR TO ANY PMU(POWDER BROWS, PMU EYELINER,..) TREATMENT.
THEREFORE, THERE IS LITTLE TO NO DOWNTIME, SO CLIENTS CAN RETURN TO WORK IN THE SAME DAY OR
THE NEXT DAY.

HOW MUCH DOES A TREATMENT COST?

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE
THIS ALL DEPENDS ON THE SIZE OF THE AREA NEEDING TREATMENT AND THE SEVERITY OF THE
 HOW MUCH DOES A TREATMENT COST?

THIS ALL DEPENDS ON THE SIZE OF THE AREA NEEDING TREATMENT AND THE SEVERITY OF THE
SCARS/STRETCH MARKS. BIGGER AND MORE PROBLEMATIC AREAS WILL REQUIRE ADDITIONAL TREATMENTS
OF THE THE SAME AREA TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED RESULTS. PRICES GO FROM $350 FOR SMALLER AREA AND
UP TO $1500 FOR BIGGER AREAS.

HOW LONG DOES A TREATMENT TAKE?

THE LENGTH OF A TREATMENT DEPENDS ON THE SIZE OF THE AREA TO BE TREATED. ON AVERAGE, A
TREATMENT AREA THE SIZE OF A DOLLAR BILL TAKES AROUND 45 MINUTES. IT TYPICALLY TAKES SEVERAL
TREATMENTS TO ACHIEVE DESIRED RESULTS.

CAN I PERFORM THE TREATMENT IF MY CLIENT'S SKIN ALREADY COLORED FROM THE SUN OR TAN LOTIONS?

WE RECOMMEND THAT YOU PERFORM THE TREATMENT WHEN THE CLIENT’S SKIN HAS NATURAL COLOR LIKE
MOSTLY THREW THE YEAR. THIS ENSURES THAT WE ARE ABLE TO CUSTOM BLEND THE PIGMENTS USED TO
BEST MATCH YOUR NATURAL SKIN TONE. AS WE USE A RANGE OF PIGMENT COLOURS IN OUR TREATMENT,
YOU WILL FIND THAT, ONCE HEALED, THE STRETCH MARKS STAY CAMOUFLAGED EVEN AFTER TANNING
LOTIONS ARE APPLIED. WE DO NOT RECOMMEND PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO THE SUN WITHOUT A HIGH
PROTECTION SUNSCREEN ON TREATED AREAS TO ENSURE SKIN STAYS IN OPTIMUM HEALTH.

WILL IT HURT? DO YOU NUMB YOUR CLIENTS?

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE IS A PENETRATIVE SKIN PROCEDURE SO A SMALL AMOUNT OF DISCOMFORT

WILL BE EXPERIENCED. USUALLY ON A SCALE 1-10 (10 BEING MOST PAINFUL), THE AVERAGE CONSENSUS IS
A 4. WE DO NOT NUMB OUR CLIENTS TO AVOID ANY INTERFERENCE TO THE PURITY AND INSERTION OF
PIGMENT INTO THE TREATED AREA. IN ADDITION, YOUR PAIN RECEPTORS WILL BE HEIGHTENED IF YOU’RE
ON YOUR MONTHLY CYCLE, AND SO WE SUGGEST YOU BOOK YOUR SESSION/TOUCH UPS ACCORDINGLY.

CAN I TREAT WHILST WOMEN WHO ARE PREGNANT OR BREASTFEEDING?

AS THE TREATMENT IS A PENETRATIVE SKIN TREATMENT YOU ARE UNABLE TO TREAT WOMEN WHO ARE
PREGNANT OR BREASTFEEDING.

HOW MUCH DOES A TREATMENT COST?

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE
THIS ALL DEPENDS ON THE SIZE OF THE AREA NEEDING TREATMENT AND THE SEVERITY OF THE
MODULE 10
 PRACTICAL
MODULE 10

PRESS PLAY ABOVE

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

THE RESULTS ARE
OUTSTANDING!
Camouflage performed
on side glutes with that
are iron free.

Treatment time
50 minutes + prep time

Sessions 3 sessions

Price: $800-$1,200

Camouflage performed
on side glutes with
pigments that are iron
free.

Treatment time
50 minutes + prep time

Sessions 2 sessions

Price: $800-$1,200

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

THE RESULTS ARE
OUTSTANDING!
Camouflage performed
on belly with pigments
that are iron free.

Treatment time
50 minutes + prep time

Sessions 2 sessions

Price: $500-$1,300

Camouflage performed on
arm scar with pigments
that are iron free.

Treatment time
35 minutes + prep time

Sessions 2 sessions

Price: $400-$550

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 THE PRICE LIST

THE PRICELIST

*These are the standard prices calculated based on international variations. Prices
can be corrected for your own business and can be even higher.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

INVESTMENT RETURN

HOW FAST CAN YOU RETURN THE INVESTMENT?

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 THE MYTHS

BUSTING THE MYTH ABOUT BRAZILIAN STRETCH MARK AND SCAR

CAMOUFLAGE TATTOO TRAINING

It’s come to my attention that some educators are claiming that they’re the only ones
offering “legalized” training for this service, which is inaccurate. Tattooing, whether
you call it “camouflage tattooing, medical tattooing, or even permanent make-up,” is
not federally regulated by law in the United States. However, all 50 states do have
some sort of statutory laws requiring a person receiving a tattoo to be at least 18
years old.

A quick look through your state’s laws and you’ll see that tattooing requires very little
licensing or experience. There’s no universal standard of consistency. Literally,
anyone can become a tattoo artist and while that’s great for inclusivity, unskilled and
inexperienced artists can do more harm than good.

As for the “Brazilian stretch mark and scar camouflage training,” it’s simply a
marketing brand to differentiate the type of niche and service that we offer. It is not
trademarked and so to claim legal ownership or right to train in it, is simply a lie.
Please don’t let “educators” steer you the wrong way by fear. A simple Google search
can verify what you need to know.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

 INGREDIENTS
FOR PMU COSMETICS AND PIGMENTS

Aloe
A rich in vitamins, minerals, and anti-inflammatory natural ingredient used for its
properties of soothing skin and calming wounds.

Aqua/ Water
Refered to as ec#231-791-2, or simply put lab quality grade water.

Argania Spinola
protects elasticity and nourishs skin, and is derived from the Argan tree.

Benzyl Alcohol
An aromatic alcohol commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products as a
preservative. It creates an unfavorable environment for micro-organisms to grow

Carbon Black
A fine, organic/inorganic black powder used as a pigment, made by burning
hydrocarbons in insufficient air.

Chamomile
Known for centuries as a natural remedy to both soothe and protect skin.

Color Correctors
Color correctors are intended to modify already deposited ink. This aids in the
process of covering, enhancing or repairing existing tattoo ink work. PermaBlend
color correctors have titanium dioxide.

STRETCH MARK CAMOUFLAGE

Color Index Numbers
A C.I. Generic Name describes a commercial product by its recognized usage
class, its hue and a serial number (which simply reflects the chronological order in
which related colorant types have been registered with the Colour Index), e.g. C.I.
Acid Blue 52, C.I. Direct Red 122, C.I. Pigment Yellow 176 and C.I. Solvent Black
34.

Color Toner
A less pigmented, transparent ink intended to shift the hue either cooler or warmer

Glycerin
A common humectant and emollient in personal care and cosmetic products.
Humectants are great at binding free water, allowing for superior hydration and
wetting properties, but as an emollient, it provides great soothing and softening
qualities for skin.

Inorganic
Materials typically not containing carbon or are not organic (examples of carbon
containing, inorganic materials are diamonds or carbon dioxide; they are missing
the hydrogen bonds of organic materials) Also: Carbon

Inorganic Pigments
Pigments containing no carbon-hydrogen bonds and are derived or based from
nature or synthetic manufacturing. Carbon black is considered inorganic as it has
no hydrogen bonded to carbon and is considered inert. Other examples include
Red 101 and titanium dioxide.

Iron Oxide
An inorganic pigment, derived from non-toxic minerals or synthetically produced
Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA; aka isopropanol): Commonly used to prevent
microorganism contamination or solvent in personal care and cosmetic products. It
has a simple organic structure of two hydrocarbons and a hydroxyl group, making it
the functional group known to alcohols
O

Organic
Containing carbon-hydrogen bonds

Organic Pigments
Pigments containing carbon-hydrogen bonds and can be derived from nature or
synthetic manufacturing

Pigments
Pre-colored compounds of color concentrates, manufactured for a variety of
purposes. In this application: tattoo ink. Pigment is the actual powder of the color.

Preservative
A substance or compound used to prevent product spoilage from micro-organisms

Rosa Moschata
Rose seed oil for healing damaged skin.

Rosin/Resin
Monomer/polymer material used to help protect and stabilize pigment in
formulation.

Shea Butter
Acts as a moisturizing agent. It is extracted from nut of the African shea tree. Shea
butter is used in a variety of personal care products.

Solvent
The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
Structurants/Binders
(proprietary part of PB formulation): Any material or substance that works to hold
other materials together to form a cohesive mixture mechanically and/or
chemically, by adhesion or cohesion. Common to most dispersions, allowing
soluble and insoluble material to interact or come together easily for a stable
mixture.

Titanium Dioxide
An inorganic pigment, derived from non-toxic minerals or synthetically produced.

Vegan Friendly
The manufacturing and/or development of the product, and where applicable its
ingredients, must not involve or have involved, the use of any animal product, by-
product or derivative.

Viscosity
The measure of thickness of a fluid due to internal friction.

Water (Aqua)
The main ingredient (solvent/carrier) in most personal care and tattoo/PMU inks.
Filtered or Deionized (DI) are most common to prevent spoilage from
microorganisms and heavy metal contamination.

Witch Hazel
An extracted material from the plants of the genus, Hamamelis, specifically, H.
virginiana, and is commonly used in personal care and cosmetics as an ingredient
to help reduce inflammation, redness, and irritation. It is also known to have some
antiseptic properties, but there is little scientific or medical support of direct relief of
the aforementioned conditions.
 GLOSSARY
FOR PMU COSMETICS AND PIGMENTS

A
Aqueous Solution
A water-based mixture, or solution where water is the solvent, with a neutral pH.

B
Biocompatible
Not harmful or toxic to living tissue.

Biomedical Waste
Any solid or liquid waste that can present a threat of infection to humans, including
non-liquid tissue, body parts, blood, blood products, and body fluids from humans.
Wastes that contain human disease-causing agents; and discarded sharps. The
following are also included: used, absorbent materials saturated with blood; blood
products; body fluids; or excretions/secretions contaminated with visible blood;
disposable devices that have been contaminated with blood, body fluids or,
secretions/excretions visibly contaminated with blood; devices that have not been
treated by an approved method. Also includes absorbent materials saturated with
blood or blood products that have dried.

Bloodborne Pathogen
Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause
disease in humans.

Body Art
Body piercing, tattooing, branding, scarification, or permanent makeup.

Body Art Establishment

Any place or premise, whether licensed or not, public or private, temporary or
permanent, outdoors or indoors, for-profit or not, where the practices of body art
are performed.

Body Artist
Any person performing body art services, whether licensed or not.
C

Coloremetry
How the human eye perceives color.

Complimentary Colors
Complementary colors are pairs of colors that, when placed next to each other,
create the strongest contrast for each color. They are opposite to each other on the
color wheel.

Contaminated
The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially
infectious materials on an item or surface.

Contributing Pigment
Contributing pigment describes the shade of the skin or previous tattoo before
applying permanent makeup.

Disinfect

A safety measure to destroy pathogenic and other kinds of microorganisms by

physical and/or chemical means. Disinfection is less lethal than sterilization
because it destroys most recognized pathogenic microorganisms; it does not,
however, necessarily destroy all microbial forms, such as bacterial spores.
Disinfection does not ensure the margin of safety associated with sterilization
processes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s [CDC] Division of Oral
Health).

Disinfectant

A product that has the ability to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as other
bacteria and is registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for use in
disinfection.

Emulsion
A mixture of two or more liquids in where one is present as droplets of microscopic
size distributed throughout the other.
G

Gloss
Gloss is the amount of light reflected off a shade.

Hazardous Waste
Substances that can result in adverse effects on human health and safety.

Hydrophilic
Describes a substance that tends to dissolve in water.

Hydrophobic
Describes a substance that repels or does not mix with water, such as oil.

Identification
Government-issued ID card with name, photo, and birthdate.

Informed Consent & Release Form

A form signed by a client prior to a body art procedure to confirm that he or she
agrees to the procedure and is aware of any risks that might be involved.

Inorganic
Materials that are missing the hydrogen bonds of organic material. Also: Carbon.

Neutral Grey
Neutral gray is black and white mixed together at 50% each.

Non-Aqueous Solution
A solution that does not use water as its solvent.

O
Opaque (Opacity)
Opaque or opacity describes how much light can pass through an object. This
ranges from transparent to translucent to opaque.
Organic
Pigments containing carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Permanent Makeup
Permanent cosmetic procedures in various areas including but not limited to
eyebrows, eyelids, lips, scars, and areolas. These procedures are executed by
permanent makeup technicians or artists, rather than licensed physicians. This
term includes any procedures referred to as, but not limited to, “permanent
makeup,” “microdermal pigmentation,” “micro pigment implantation,”
“microblading,” “micro-needling with the use of pigment,” “dermagraphics,” and
“cosmetic tattooing.”

Pigments
A powdered substance that is mixed with a liquid in which it is relatively insoluble,
used to impart color.

Preservative
A substance or compound used in a product to prevent spoilage from
microorganisms.

Saturation
Saturation refers to the intensity of a color or how pure the shade appears.

Shade
Shade refers to the amount of black added to a color.

Solvent
The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.

Standard Precautions
A set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that
can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non intact skin (including
rashes), and mucous membranes.

Sterility Or Sterilization
A validated process used to render a product free from viable microorganisms by
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 11139).
T

Texture
Texture is the feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface or substance. For
permanent makeup, it will impact color perception.

Tint
Tint refers to the amount of white added to a color.

Tones
Tone refers to adding grey to a color.

Translucent
A material that allows light, but not detailed images, to pass through (for example
frosted glass).

Transparent
A material that allows light through completely and clear details of an image to be
seen (for example regular glass window).

V
Value
Value describes the lightness or darkness of a color.

Vibrancy
Vibrancy describes the brightness of a color.

Viscosity
The thickness of a fluid.