'

10. 𝑥 ! = 2𝑥 43. 𝐴⃗ − 𝐵|⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + w−𝐵 |⃗ y

'*
########################### 11.
'
𝑥 $ = 3𝑥 ! 44. {𝐴⃗ − 𝐵 |⃗{ = √𝐴 + 𝐵! − 2𝐴. 𝐵. cos 𝜃
!
PHYSICS '*
' 45. 𝐴⃗ − 𝐵|⃗ = (𝐴* − 𝐵* )𝚤̂ + w𝐴; − 𝐵; y𝚥̂ + (𝐴< − 𝐵< )𝑘v
Area Under curve: 12. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
'* 46. 𝜆 • 𝐴⃗ = 𝜆𝐴* 𝚤̂ + 𝜆𝐴; 𝚥̂ + 𝜆𝐴< 𝑘v
• 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 13.
'
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
• 𝑎 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 '* 47. 𝜆 • (𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 |⃗ ) = 𝜆 • 𝐴⃗ + 𝜆 • 𝐵
|⃗
' #
• 𝐹 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚: 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 14. 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 = * 48. 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵
|⃗ = |𝐴⃗| • {𝐵 |⃗{ • 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
'*
'
• 𝐹 − 𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 15. 𝑒* = 𝑒* 49. ⃗ |⃗
𝐴 • 𝐵 = (𝐴* 𝑋 𝐵* ) + w𝐴; 𝑋 𝐵; y + (𝐴< 𝑋 𝐵< )
'*
• 𝑃 − 𝑉 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 ' # 7⃗•:
?⃗
16. √𝑥 = !√* 50. For angle b/w vectors: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = |7⃗|•|:?⃗|
• 𝑄 − 𝑉 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 '*
' # #
• 𝑃 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 17. = − !* 51. Commutative: 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 |⃗ = 𝐵 |⃗ • 𝐴⃗
'* √* √*
• 𝑎: 18. ∫ 0 𝑑𝑥 = 0 + 𝑐 52. Distributive: 𝐴 • w𝐵 + 𝐶⃗y = 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵
⃗ |⃗ |⃗ + 𝐴⃗ • 𝐶⃗
Slope of curve 19. ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 53. 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 |⃗ = 0 ⟹ 𝐴⃗ & 𝐵 |⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
• 𝑥 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 *! 54. v
𝚤̂ • 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ • 𝚥̂ = 𝑘 • 𝑘 = 1v
20. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
• 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 !
55. 𝚤̂ • 𝚥̂ = 𝚥̂ • 𝑘v = 𝑘v • 𝚤̂ = 0
*"
• 𝑝 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 21. ∫ 𝑥 ! 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
$ 56. |𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗| = |𝐴⃗| • {𝐵 |⃗ { • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
• 𝑈 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 #
22. ∫ * 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝚤̂ 𝚥̂ 𝑘v
• 𝑈 − 𝑥 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒: −𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
• 𝐺
!
23. ∫ √𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = $ 𝑥 √𝑥 + 𝑐 57. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ = …𝐴* 𝐴; 𝐴< …
Physical Constant # 𝐵* 𝐵; 𝐵<
24. ∫ * 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑥 + 𝑐 𝐴; 𝐴< 𝐴* 𝐴;
• 𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 ! √ 𝐴 𝐴<
25. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑐 58. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ = † † 𝚤̂ − † * † 𝚥̂ + † † 𝑘v
• 𝐺 = 6.67 𝑋 10"## 𝑚$ 𝑘𝑔"# 𝑠 "! 𝐵; 𝐵< 𝐵* 𝐵< 𝐵* 𝐵;
26. ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐 59. Noncommutative: 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ ≠ 𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐴⃗; 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ = −𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐴⃗
• ℎ = 6.62 𝑋 10"$% 𝐽 − 𝑠 = 4.14 𝑋 10"#& 𝑒𝑉 − 𝑠
27. ∫ 𝑒 * 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 * + 𝑐 ⃗ |⃗ ⃗ ⃗ |⃗ ⃗ ⃗
• 𝑅 = 8.3 # * 60. Distributive: 𝐴 𝑋 w𝐵 + 𝐶 y = 𝐴 𝑋 𝐵 + 𝐴 𝑋 𝐶
Trigonometry: 28. ∫ ! ! 𝑑𝑥 = sin"# f7g + 𝑐
√7 "* 61. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ = 0 ⟹ 𝐴⃗ & 𝐵 |⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙
• 𝑐 Error, Dimension, Vector 62. 𝚤̂ 𝑋 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ 𝑋 𝚥̂ = 𝑘v 𝑋 𝑘v = 0
Algebra: ∆9 ∆7 ∆:
29. ∆𝑍 = ∆𝐴 + ∆𝐵; = +
9 7 :
63. 𝚤̂ 𝑋 𝚥̂ = 𝑘v; 𝚥̂ 𝑋 𝑘v = 𝚤̂; 𝑘v 𝑋 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂
• 𝑐 𝐴* 𝐴; 𝐴<
30. [𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒] = [𝑀# 𝐿# 𝑇 "! ];
Common mistake
31. [𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦] = [𝑀# 𝐿! 𝑇 "! ]; 64. 𝐴⃗ • (𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗) = … 𝐵* 𝐵; 𝐵< …
• 𝑆𝐼 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡
32. [𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟] = [𝑀# 𝐿! 𝑇 "$ ]; 𝐶* 𝐶; 𝐶<
Common formula
' 33. 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝐴⃗ = 𝐴* 𝚤̂ + 𝐴; 𝚥̂ + 𝐴< 𝑘v = w𝐴* , 𝐴; , 𝐴< y 65. Volume of parallelopiped: = 𝐴⃗ • (𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗)
1. 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 =
) '
'( 34. 𝚤̂ = (1,0,0); 𝚥̂ = (0,1,0); 𝑘v = (0,0,1); 66. Volume of pyramid: = A 𝐴 • (𝐵 𝑋 𝐶⃗)
#
⃗ |⃗
2. 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 = )* ≅ '* 35. |𝚤̂| = |𝚥̂| = {𝑘v{ = 1;
67. 𝐴⃗ • w𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗y = 0 ⟹ 𝐴⃗ , 𝐵 |⃗ & 𝐶⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟
3. 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 36. 𝑟⃗ = 𝐴𝐵 |||||⃗ = (𝑥! − 𝑥# )𝚤̂ + (𝑦! − 𝑦# )𝚥̂ + (𝑧! − 𝑧# ) 𝑘v
4. 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 68. 𝐴 𝑋w𝐵 𝑋 𝐶 y = w𝐴 𝑋 𝐶 y𝐵 − w𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵
⃗ | ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ |⃗ |⃗y𝐶⃗
|||||⃗ = 𝑟⃗ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐵𝐴
37. If 𝐴𝐵 |||||⃗ = −𝑟⃗
5. 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 Motion
+,-./0
38. 𝑖𝑓 𝑟⃗# (𝑥# , 𝑦# , 𝑧# ) = 𝑟⃗! (𝑥! , 𝑦! , 𝑧! ) 69. X = Position
6. % 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 1.1(1-2 4-250 𝑋 100 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛. 𝑥# = 𝑥! ; 𝑦# = 𝑦! ; 𝑧# = 𝑧! ; 70. Displacement: 𝑆 = 𝑋B − 𝑋1 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
7. − − − − 39. Commutative Law : 𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 |⃗ = 𝐵 |⃗ + 𝐴⃗
71. Distance: = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ
Differentiation and Integration 40. Associative Law : w𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 |⃗y + 𝐶⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + (𝐵
|⃗ + 𝐶⃗)
72. < 𝑣 >. =
C1DE2-+0F0.(
'
8. '* (𝑐) = 0 41. {𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 |⃗{ = √𝐴 + 𝐵 + 2𝐴. 𝐵. cos 𝜃
! ! (1F0
C1D(-.+0
' 73. < 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 >. =
9. 𝑥 = 1 42. 𝐴 + 𝐵 = (𝐴* + 𝐵* )𝚤̂ + w𝐴; + 𝐵; y𝚥̂ + (𝐴< + 𝐵< )𝑘v
⃗ |⃗ (1F0
'*
 4# G4! '1D(-.+0(-U+ 20./(,)
74. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒: < 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 > = ; 102. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝜃 = ; 133. 𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ: 𝑣F-* = —
/X(ZG(-. M)

! U
!4# 4! 'M DE00' #"Z (-. M
75. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒: < 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 > = 4 103. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝜔 = = ;
# G4! '( U /X((-. M"Z)
H,-./0 1. 402I+1(; 4$ "4% 4"5 'V -( 134. 𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ: 𝑣F1. = —
76. < 𝑎 >= = = 104. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝛼 = = ; #GZ (-. M
(1F0 (1F0 ( '( U
'J 'K 'L '9 4! 4!
77. 𝑣 = ; 𝑣* = ; 𝑣; = ; 𝑣< = 105. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙(𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙) 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑎U = = 𝜔 𝑟 ! 135. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = -
'( '( '( '( U +
'4 '4& '4' '9 Work Energy & Power:
78. 𝑎 = ; 𝑎* = ; 𝑎; = ; 𝑣< = 106. 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑎( = 𝛼 𝑟
'( '( '(
'J
'(
107. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚 U = 𝑚𝜔! 𝑟
4! 136. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘: 𝐹⃗ • 𝑆⃗ = 𝐹𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝐹 • 𝑆 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 • 𝑆
79. 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = B
||||⃗ = ∫B 𝐹 • 𝑑𝑥
'(
'4 108. 𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡; 137. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = ∫1 𝐹⃗ • 𝑑𝑆 1
80. 𝑎 = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = '( 138. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐹 − 𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒
Force:
81. 𝑆 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑣 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡 WF F # E! #
109. 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑔 = U#! ! 139. 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 ! = = 𝑝𝑣;
82. ∆𝑣 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑎 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = ∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝑡 ! !F !
XC) B
Uniformly accelerated motion 110. 𝐵𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒(𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑔) = fXC g 𝑚𝑔 ||||⃗ = −𝑊
140. ∆𝑈 = − ∫1 𝐹⃗ • 𝑑𝑆
*
#
83. 𝑆 = 𝑢𝑡 + ! 𝑎𝑡 ! 111. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = −𝑘𝑥 141. 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙: ∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
#
84. 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 112. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 ≤ 𝜇D 𝑁 142. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: 𝑈 = ! 𝑘𝑥 !
4"5 113. 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝜇Y 𝑁 )[ )[ )[
85. 𝑎 =
(
143. 𝐹⃗ = − )* 𝚤̂ − ); 𝚥̂ − )< 𝑧̂ ;
Newton’s Law of motion:
86. 𝑣 ! = 𝑢! + 2𝑎𝑆 'F
144. 𝑊 − 𝐸 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚: 𝑊 = 𝑘B − 𝑘1 = ! 𝑚(𝑣 ! − 𝑢! )
#
# 114. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡: 𝐹 = −𝑢 − 𝑚𝑔;
87. 𝑆 = 𝑣𝑡 − ! 𝑎𝑡 ! '(
145. 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 + 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
5G4 115. 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑊 = 𝑚(𝑔 ± 𝑎);
88. 𝑆 = 𝑡 B B
! 116. 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑑 2.' 𝑙𝑎𝑤: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 146. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = ∫1 𝑝⃗ • ||||⃗
𝑑𝑣 = ∫1 𝐹 • 𝑑𝑥
5G4 'F \
89. < 𝑣 >= 117. 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑑 2.' 𝑙𝑎𝑤: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 + 𝑣 147. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃 = = 𝐹⃗ • 𝑣⃗
! '( (
# 'E '4 'F 'F
90. 𝑆. = 𝑢 + f𝑛 − g 𝑎 118. 𝐹 = =𝑚 +𝑣 = 𝑚𝑎 + 𝑣 Uniform Circular motion
! '( '( '( '(
Relative motion 119. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 = 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 = √2 • 𝑚 • 𝐾𝐸 148. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝(𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) = £𝑔𝑅
91. 𝑉7: = −𝑉:7 120. 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 = ∆𝑝 = 𝑚(𝑣 − 𝑢) = 𝑚 • ∆𝑣 149. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)(𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) = £3𝑔𝑅
92. 𝑉7: = 𝑉7H − 𝑉:H 121. ∆𝑝 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐹 − 𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒 = ∫ 𝐹𝑑𝑡 150. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑛(𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔) = £5𝑔𝑅
93. Angle of umbrella n swimming: triangle law 4!
122. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑐𝑙𝑛 = 151. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝(𝑟𝑜𝑑) = 0
Projectile motion: X
!5 D1. M 4! 152. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)(𝑟𝑜𝑑) = £2𝑔𝑅
94. 𝑇 = / ; 123. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙(𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑑𝑜)𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚
X 153. 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑛(𝑟𝑜𝑑) = £4𝑔𝑅
5! J1. !M 124. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒: 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛"# 𝜇 F4 !
95. 𝑅 = /
; 125. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛"# 𝜇 154. 𝐸𝑞 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝: 𝑇 = − 𝑚𝑔;
X
5! D1.! M F "F !F# F! F4 !
96. 𝐻F-* = ; 126. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚: 𝑎 = # ! 𝑔; 𝑇 = 𝑔 155. 𝐸𝑞 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡(𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡): 𝑇 = ;
!/ F# GF! F# GF! X
97. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 −
/* ! 127. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒: 𝑎 = 𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 F4 !
156. 𝐸𝑞 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚: 𝑇 = + 𝑚𝑔;
!5! HID ! M 128. 𝑎 ↓= 𝑔(𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃) ; 𝑎 ↑= 𝑔(𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝜇𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃) X
!N !N F4 !
98. 𝑇 = — ; 𝑅 = 𝑢— ; Uniform Circular motion: 157. 𝐸𝑞 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝜃: 𝑇 = X + 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ;
/ /
!5 D1. M 129. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚: 𝜔 = —
/ (-. M
158. − − − − − − −
99. 𝑇 = / OPQ R
; U Collision:
100. 𝐻F-* =
5! D1.! M
; 130. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙: 𝑣 ≥ — Z
/X 159. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
!/ OPQ R (𝑚# − 𝑚! )𝑢# + 2𝑚! 𝑢!
!5! J1. M OPQ(MGR) 𝑣# =
101. 𝑅= f g; 131. 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑣 ≤ £𝜇𝑔𝑅 𝑚# + 𝑚!
/ OPQ! R
Uniform Circular motion: 132. 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑣 = £𝑔𝑅 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 (𝑚! − 𝑚# )𝑢! + 2𝑚# 𝑢#
𝑣! =
𝑚# + 𝑚!
160. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐸 = 184. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐. Rigidity 𝐹 ∆𝑙 𝐹 𝐹𝑙
161. 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 Gravitational: 𝜃= 𝜂=
(Shear) 𝐴 𝑙 𝐴𝜃 2𝜃
𝑚# 𝑢# + 𝑚! 𝑢! WF F
185. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒: 𝐹 = U#! !
𝑣# = 𝑣! == D(U0DD
𝑚# + 𝑚! W` 206. 𝐻𝑜𝑜𝑘 _ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 = D(U-1.
162. 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 186. 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑔 = X! ; 𝑔𝑅! = 𝐺𝑀;
#
(𝑚# − 𝑒𝑚! )𝑢# + (1 + 𝑒)𝑚! 𝑢! 187. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔 207. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ! × 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑣# = WF 2-((0U-2 D(U-1.
𝑚# + 𝑚! 188. 𝐹𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = U ! 208. 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝜎 = 2I./1(5'1.-2 D(U-1.
(𝑚! − 𝑒𝑚# )𝑢! + (1 + 𝑒)𝑚# 𝑢# WF# F!
209. 𝑌 = 3𝐾(1 − 2𝜎);
𝑣! = 189. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: 𝑈 = −
U

𝑚# + 𝑚! W` /X ! 210. 𝑌 = 2𝜂(1 + 𝜎)
# F F
163. 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐾𝐸 = ! F #GF! (𝑢# − 𝑢! )! (1 − 𝑒) 190. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ ∶ 𝑉 = − =− b $ #
U U 211. L = c + d ;
# ! W` U!
164. 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙(𝑐/𝑤 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙) = −𝑒𝑢] + (1 + 𝑒)𝑢^ ; 191. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ: 𝑉 = − !X f3 − X!g $d"!c
DE00' IB D0E0U-(1I. 4 "4 4 "4 $/X $W`
212. 𝜎 = !cGAd
165. 𝑒 = DE00' IB -EEUI-+, = 5#"5! = 5!"5# ; 192. 𝐴𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ: 𝑉 = − =−
! # # ! ! !X Fluid
_ _ ! _ '
166. 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑣; ℎ = 𝑒 ℎ; 𝑡 = 𝑒𝑡; 193. 𝐴𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ: 𝑔_ = 𝑔 f1 − X g 213. 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑃 = 𝜌. 𝑔. ℎ;
System of particle: !, 214. 𝑃-]DI25(0 = 𝑃-(FIDE,0U0 + 𝑃/-5/0
167. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠: 194. 𝐴𝑡 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑔_ = 𝑔 f1 − g
X 𝑃-]DI25(0 = 𝑃I + 𝜌. 𝑔. ℎ
𝑚# 𝑥# + 𝑚! 𝑥! + ⋯ ∑. 𝑚1 𝑥1 195. 𝐴𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡: 𝑔_ = 𝑔 (XG,)!
X!
215. ∆𝑃 = 𝜌. 𝑔. ℎ; ∆𝑃 = −𝜌. 𝑎. 𝑥
𝑥= =
𝑚# + 𝑚! + ⋯ ∑. 𝑚1 216. 𝐵𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹] = 𝜌. 𝑔. 𝑉
196. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑔_ = 𝑔 − 𝑅𝜔! 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! 𝜆
𝑚# 𝑣# + 𝑚! 𝑣! + ⋯ ∑. 𝑚1 𝑣1 '0.D1(; IB ]I';
217. 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = '0.D1(; IB ^-(0U
𝑣= = !W`
𝑚# + 𝑚! + ⋯ ∑. 𝑚1 197. 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑: 𝑣 = — = £2𝑔𝑅 #
𝑚# 𝑎# + 𝑚! 𝑎! + ⋯ ∑. 𝑚1 𝑎1
X 218. 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖′𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚: 𝑃 + ! 𝜌𝑣 ! + 𝜌𝑔ℎ = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡;
𝑎= = 198. 𝐸𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = √2 ∗ 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝑚# + 𝑚! + ⋯ ∑. 𝑚1 219. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖 _ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑣 = £2𝑔ℎ
W` W`
168. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∶ 199. 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑: 𝑣 = — =— 220. 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 2£ℎ(𝐻 − ℎ)
U XG,
169. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∶ 221. − − − − − −
Satellite:
170. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∶ # Viscosity:
171. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∶ 200. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 ∝ U , : → 𝑇 ! ∝ 𝑟 .G# '4
" " 222. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒: 𝐹 = 𝜂. 𝐴.
172. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 ! U! U! '*
# 201. 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑: 𝑇 = 2𝜋 = 2𝜋 X / 223. 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑣 = b
! U ! (e"f)
𝑔
173. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐(𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟): 𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 ! √W` √
c
! a\ W`F
! ! 202. 𝐵𝐸 = 𝐾𝐸 = −𝑇𝐸 = − = R <1000 1000- - 2000 >2000
174. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒(ℎ): 𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 ! !U
$
! 203. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑖𝑜 − 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒: Flow Laminar Turbulent
175. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒(𝑠): 𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 ! 𝑇 = 24𝐻𝑟𝑠; ℎ = 36000𝑘𝑚 ≈ 6𝑅; 𝑣 = 3.1𝑘𝑚𝑝𝑠; 224. − − − − − −
&
#
176. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑑: 𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 ! 204. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 − 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒: Surface Tension(S):
#!
# 𝑇 = 84𝑚𝑖𝑛; ℎ = 0; 𝑣 = 8𝑘𝑚𝑝𝑠; 225. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑆 • 𝑙
177. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒: 𝐼 = 𝑚(𝑎! + 𝑏! ) !J
#! Elasticity: 226. 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒: ∆𝑝 = X (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝)
178. | | 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚: 𝐼 = 𝐼H` + 𝑚𝑑! 205. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠: !J
179. ⊥ 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚: 𝐼9 = 𝐼* + 𝐼; ; Stress Strain Modulus Energy 227. 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒: ∆𝑝 = X
(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒)
Rotational: %J
Young 𝐹 ∆𝑙 𝐹𝑙 𝐹𝑙! 228. 𝐸𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒: ∆𝑝 = (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑎𝑝 𝑏𝑢𝑏𝑏𝑙𝑒)
X
180. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝜏⃗ = 𝑟⃗ × 𝐹⃗ ; 𝑌= !J
|⃗ = 𝑚(𝑣⃗ 𝑋 𝑟⃗) 𝐴 𝑙 𝐴∆𝑙 2∆𝑙 229. 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑: ℎ = e/2
181. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚: 𝐿
= 𝑚𝑣𝑟 = 𝑚𝜔𝑟 ! ; Bulk 𝑝 ∆𝑉 𝑃𝑉 𝑃∆𝑉 230. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑆 • 𝐴
# 𝐾=𝐵= "
231. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝: 𝑅 = √𝑛 𝑟
182. 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: 𝐼𝜔! 𝑉 ∆𝑉 2
'
! 232. − − − − − −
183. 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛_ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝐿|⃗ = 𝜏⃗; Thermal Expansion:
'(
 H h"$! X d"!j$.#& $
233. #gg = #ig = ig = #gg ; 266. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠. 𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 ∶ ! 𝑘𝑇 285. 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑣F-* = 𝐴𝜔
$ 286. 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑎F-* = 𝐴𝜔!
234. 𝐿 = 𝐿I + ∆𝐿 = 𝐿I + 𝐿I . 𝛼. 𝛥𝑇 = 𝐿I (1 + 𝛼. 𝛥𝑇) 267. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠. 𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒: ! 𝑅𝑇 # #
235. 𝐴 = 𝐴I + ∆𝐴 = 𝐴I + 𝐴I . 𝛽. 𝛥𝑇 = 𝐴I (1 + 𝛽. 𝛥𝑇) +/ 287. 𝑃𝐸 = ! 𝑘𝑥 ! = ! 𝑚𝜔! 𝑥 !
236. 𝑉 = 𝑉I + ∆𝑉 = 𝑉I + 𝑉I . 𝛾. 𝛥𝑇 = 𝑉I (1 + 𝛾. 𝛥𝑇) 268. 𝛾 = # #
+0 288. 𝐾𝐸 = ! 𝑚𝑣 ! = ! 𝑚𝜔! (𝐴! − 𝑥 ! )
237. 𝜌 = 𝜌I (1 − 𝛾. 𝛥𝑇) 269. 𝑐E = 𝑐4 + 𝑅 # #
l m 289. 𝑇𝐸 = ! 𝑚𝜔! 𝐴! = ! 𝑘𝐴!
238. $ = ! = 𝛼 270. 𝑣UFD = — e = —
$a $Xo
=—
$Yo
o o o o
239. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑: 𝛾-EE-U0.( = 𝛾U0-2 − 𝛾40DD02 ` F 290. • A • #! | #! • A •
240. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑎𝑠: 𝑃 = 𝑃I (1 + 𝛾. 𝛥𝑇) ia
271. 𝑣F0-. = —se = — s` = — sF
iXo iYo
291. 𝑆𝐻𝑀: 𝜔 = —− = —−
- h
= —−
# 'h
=—
# '![
n "n * F* F '* F '* !
241. 𝛼 = n o!"n#o
# ! ! # !a !Xo !Yo
7! "7# 272. 𝑣FE = — e = — =— * F F
242. 𝛽 = 7 ` F 292. 𝑆𝐻𝑀: 𝑇 = 2𝜋—− - = 2𝜋—− 12 = 2𝜋¾ 1! 3
# o! "7! # o u v w x
1& 1&!
p! "p# 273. 𝑎
243. 𝛾 = p o "p o '[
# ! ! # Thermodynamics: 293. 𝐹 = −
Heat Transfer: 't '*
0 274. 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒: 𝑑𝑠 = o F
244. 𝐾𝑖𝑟𝑐ℎℎ𝑜𝑓𝑓 _ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: -- = 𝐸q ; o# "o! 294. 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠: 𝑇 = 2𝜋— Y
- 275. 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒: 𝜂 =
245. 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑓𝑎𝑛_ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝐸 = 𝜎𝑇 % ; o#
2
o!
246. 𝑊𝑖𝑒𝑛_ 𝑠 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝. 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝜆F 𝑇 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. 276. 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝: 𝛽 = o "o 295. 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚: 𝑇 = 2𝜋—/
'o # !
247. 𝑁 𝐿𝑜𝐶: '( = 𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇g ); 277. 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑣 F2
278. 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑔𝑦 = ∆𝑈 = 𝑛𝐶4 ∆𝑇 296. 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚: 𝑇 = 2𝜋—7L
248. − − − − − −
Radiation: 279. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦, 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 N
249. 𝑎 Adiabatic Isothermal Isobaric Isochori 297. 𝐶𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟: 𝑇 = 2𝜋— /
250. − − − − − − c pF
Calorimetry: 298. 𝐴𝑖𝑟 − 𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝑇 = 2𝜋—
e7!
251. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒: 𝐻 = 𝑚. 𝑐. ∆𝑇 = 𝐶. ∆𝑇 Q=0 ∆𝑇 = 0 ∆𝑃 = 0 ∆𝑉 = 0 y
252. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 ∶ 𝐻 = 𝑚. 𝐿 299. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙: 𝑇 = 2𝜋—
Q 0 𝑉! 𝑛𝐶E ∆𝑇 𝑛𝐶4 ∆𝑇 H
253. 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛; 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛 (X"U)(#Gm)
254. 1𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑒 = 4.2 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑉# 300. 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑤𝑙: 𝑇 = 2𝜋— /
255. − − − − − − ∆𝑈 𝑛𝐶4 ∆𝑇 0 𝑛𝐶4 ∆𝑇 𝑛𝐶4 ∆𝑇 F(#Gm)
Kinetic theory of Gas: 301. 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟: 𝑇 = 2𝜋—
256. 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙’𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑃# 𝑉# = 𝑃! 𝑉! = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. W −𝑛𝐶4 ∆𝑇 𝑉! 𝑃∆𝑉 0 Y
𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑛 Yn
p p 𝑉# 302. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑘′ =
257. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: # = ! = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛𝑅∆𝑇 2
o# o! # # # Y •Y
a# a! 303. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: Y = Y + Y 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = Y #GY!
258. 𝐺𝑎𝑦 − 𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑐 𝐿𝑎𝑤: o = o = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 Cons 𝑃𝑉 l
𝑃𝑉 𝑉 𝑃 # ! # !

a p a p
# !
𝑇 𝑇 304. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑘 = 𝑘# + 𝑘!
259. 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: .# o# = .! o! = 𝑅 = 8.3 tant 𝑇𝑉 l"# 4(
# # ! ! 305. 𝐷𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟: 𝑥 = 𝐴I 𝑒 "!5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
260. 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 Oscillation: 4(
a p a p a p a p '!* 306. (𝐷𝑂): 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 𝐴I 𝑒 "!5
261. .# o# + .! o! = ." o" + .. o. 280. 𝑚 ! + 𝑘𝑥 = 0 # 4(
# 4(
# #
_
! ! " " . . '( 307. (𝐷𝑂): 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = ! 𝑘(𝐴I 𝑒 "!5 )! = ! 𝑘𝐴I ! 𝑒 " 5
262. 𝐷𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑃F1* = 𝑃# + 𝑃! + 𝑃$ + ⋯. 281. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝑥 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
263. 𝐺𝑟𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑚_ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑟' =
# '*
282. 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑣 = '( = 𝐴𝜔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = 𝜔√𝐴! − 𝑥 ! 308. 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐴 = £𝐴#! + 𝐴!! + 2𝐴# 𝐴! 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙
re
# '4 '!*
Wave and Sound
264. 𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑜𝐹: 𝑘𝑇
!
283. 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑙𝑛: 𝑎 = = ! = −𝐴𝜔! 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 = −𝜔! 𝑥 309. 𝐸𝑞. 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒: 𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥 + 𝜙)
'( '(
265. 𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑜𝐹: ! 𝑅𝑇
#
284. 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 𝐴 310. 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 = 𝐴
311. 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝜔 Y|# |! # |# |! # |# |! Y|
343. 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏_ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝐹⃗ = = %s} = %s} 372. 𝑂𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉 =
V U! U! 8 U! √X ! G* !
312. 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓 = !s f
344. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝑝⃗ = 𝑞. 𝑑 = 𝑞. 2𝑎; 373. 𝑂𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑉 = w√𝑅! + 𝑥! −
!s !ℇ8
313. 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 𝑇 = V 345. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸 !Yt
346. 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 ∶ 𝜖 = 𝐾𝜖I = 𝜖U 𝜖I ; 𝑥y =. w√𝑅! + 𝑥 ! − 𝑥y;
314. 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑘 X!
%Yt fX
Y Electric Field: 374. 𝑂𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑉 = = sℇ
315. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = !s # | Y| sX 8
!s 347. 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝐸 = %s} U ! = U ! ; Yt
316. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝜆 = Y 8 375. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑉 = !X" {3𝑅! − 𝑎! }
Y|*
317. 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝜙 348. 𝐴𝑡 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝐸 = " ; 376. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤/𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑉 =
Y|
(X ! G* ! )! X
q V Y|
318. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑓𝜆 = o = Y 349. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐸 = (* !"-! )! =
!YE* !YE
377. 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑉 =
*" U
319. 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: + 𝑣𝑒 YE YE 378. 𝑃𝐸 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒: 𝑈 = −𝑝⃗ • 𝐸|⃗ ;
320. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) 350. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐸 = " =
*"
';
(* ! G-! )! Potential difference
321. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝑣 = '( = 𝐴𝜔 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) !
YE√$HID MG# q U
379. 𝑁𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∆𝑉 = !s~ ln( U!)
351. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡: 𝐸 =
'4 '!; U" 8 #
322. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑙𝑛: 𝑎 = = = −𝐴𝜔! 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) '\?⃗
380. 𝑁𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 ∆𝑉 = 𝐸|⃗ • 𝑑⃗
'( '( ! 352. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒: 𝐹⃗ = 𝑝⃗ • '* ;
323. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒: 𝑣 = —e = —7e
\ o
353. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒: 𝜏⃗ = 𝑝⃗ × 𝐸|⃗ ; 381. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝜏⃗ = 𝑝⃗ 𝑋 𝐸|⃗
B
|||||⃗ 382. 𝐷𝐼𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑈 = −𝑝⃗ • 𝐸|⃗
L a la 354. 𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝜙 = ∫ 𝐸|⃗ • 𝑑𝐴
324. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒: 𝑣 = —e = —e = — e 1
|%, 383.
355. 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ∶ 𝜙(I(-2 = Electric potential energy
~8
325. 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 2𝜋 ! 𝑓 ! 𝐴! 𝜌𝑣 B
||||⃗ = Y |#|! = # |# |!
356.
|%,
= ∮ 𝐸|⃗ • |||||⃗
𝑑𝐴 384. 𝑈 = 𝑊 = ∫1 𝐹⃗ • 𝑑𝑆
326. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 2𝜋 ! 𝑓 ! 𝐴! 𝜌 ~8 U %s}8 U

327. 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐴 = £𝐴#! + 𝐴!! + 2𝐴# 𝐴! 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 357. 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝐸 =
!Yq
=
q
; 385. ∆𝑈 = 𝑞∆𝑉
U !sℇ8 U #
328. 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐼 = 𝐼# + 𝐼! + 2£𝐼# £𝐼! 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 f 386. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ! 𝜀g 𝐸|⃗ !
358. 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝐸 = !ℇ ; $t !
z ∆* 8
329. 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏/𝑤 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒_𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ_𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓 = f 387. 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑙𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
!s q 359. 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 ∶ 𝐸 = ℇ ; !g s}8 X
4 8 t!
330. 𝑂𝑂𝑃: 𝑓 = 𝑛 f g 360. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 = 0; 388. 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 ∶
!2 is}8 X
4 Y|
331. 𝐶𝑂𝑃: 𝑓 = (2𝑛 + 1) f g 361. 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 = ! ; Relation b/w field and potential
%2 U )p )p )p
332. 𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜: 𝑑 > 14.5𝑚 362. 𝐴𝑡 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 =
# Y|
; 389. 𝐸|⃗ = )* 𝚤̂ + ); 𝚥̂ + )< 𝑘v
! U!
333. 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠 = 𝑓, − 𝑓2 B
||||⃗
# # 363. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 =
Y|U eU
= $ℇ ; 390. Δ𝑉 = ∫1 𝐸|⃗ • 𝑑𝑆
334. 𝑃𝐸 = 𝑘𝑦 ! = 𝑚𝜔! 𝑦 ! X" 8
Capacitance of
! ! Y|
# #
335. 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 ! = 𝑚𝜔! (𝐴! − 𝑦 ! ) 364. 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐸 = ; 7~
! !
U! 391. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐶 = 8
f! '
#
336. 𝑇𝐸 = 𝑚𝜔! 𝐴! = 𝑘𝐴!
# 365. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = !ℇ d7~8
! ! 8 392. 𝑃𝑃𝐶 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝐶 =
'
337. 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑘 = 𝑚𝜔! =
L7
366. − − − − − 7~8
393. 𝑃𝑃𝐶 𝑝𝑎𝑟. 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝐶 =
4±4*
2 Potential '"(G
(
9
_
338. 𝐷𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡: 𝑓 = 𝑓 f g Y|
367. 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑉 = U 7~
4±46 394. 𝑃𝑃𝐶 𝑝𝑎𝑟. 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶 = 8
'"(
Charge and Force 368. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 (𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠)𝑉 = * !"'!
YE
395. 𝑆𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐶 = 4𝜋𝜀g 𝑅;
339. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝑞 = 𝑛𝑒; %s~8 -]
t 369. 𝐷𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 (𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡)𝑉 = 0 396. 𝐶𝑆𝑆(𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑) 𝐶 = ]"-
340. 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜆 = 2 ; 𝑄 = 𝜆 • 𝑙; Y|
370. 𝐴𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉 = X %s~8 ] !
t 397. 𝐶𝑆𝑆(𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑) 𝐶 =
341. 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝜎 = 7 ; 𝑄 = 𝜎 • 𝐴; fX ]"-
t 371. 𝐴𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑉 = sℇ 398. 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
%s~8 2
342. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝜌 = p ; 𝑄 = 𝜌 • 𝑉; 8 4
ۥu:v
 ,+
399. 𝐸 = q = ℎ𝜐 Current

438. 𝐿𝑜𝑜𝑝 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ∶ ∑B1 ∆𝑉 = 0;
409. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒: 𝑄 = 𝑛𝑒 = 𝐼 • 𝑡 = ∫ 𝐼 • 𝑑𝑡 ; 439. 𝑉7 = 𝑉: − ∑B1 ∆𝑉 (𝑚𝑦 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠);
Filling of dielectric (cell connected) y 0\‚
400. 𝐶 → 𝐾𝐶 ; 𝑉 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡; 𝑄 → 𝐾𝑄; 𝑈 → 𝐾𝑈; 410. 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑣' = .07 = − a X
440. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑙. 𝑊𝑆𝐵: t = J
F
Filling of dielectric (cell dis-connected) t 't .0 ! 7‚\
p [ 411. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼 = = = 𝑛𝑒𝐴𝑣' = J
441. 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑔𝑒. X =
#gg"2
401. 𝐶 → 𝐾𝐶 ; 𝑄 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡; 𝑉 → d ; 𝑈 → d ; ( '( F
41 y 0‚ 2
412. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜇0 = = .0\7 = \ 2
442. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟: \# = 2# ; \ = n
\ 2
402. Series and Parallel \ F
y .0 ! ‚\ ! ! *
Device Series Parallel 413. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐽 = = 𝑛𝑒𝑣' = 𝑙#
7 F 𝑟 = Ê − 1Ë 𝑅
p p
Capacitor 1 1 1 𝐶 = 𝐶# + 𝐶! 414. 𝑂ℎ𝑚`𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤 ∶ 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 ; 𝐼 = X ; 𝑅 = y ; 𝑙!
= + a.C.
𝐶 𝐶# 𝐶! e2 e2 ! ep f7 443. 𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑃. 𝐺. ) = 2
415. 𝑅 = = = ; 𝐶 = ;
7 p 7! 2 2# "2!
Resistor 𝑅 = 𝑅# + 𝑅! 1 1 1 # # 444. 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 ∶ 𝑟 = 𝑅
= + 416. 𝐶 = X 𝜎 = e ; 2!
𝑅 𝑅# 𝑅! y=
417. 𝑅 = 𝑅I (1 + 𝛼 • ∆𝑇); 445. 𝐴𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟: 𝑆 = y"y 𝐺;
=
Cell 𝜀 = 𝜀# + 𝜀! (𝜀# 𝑟! + 𝜀! 𝑟# ) Resistors in Series : p
𝜀= 446. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟: 𝑅 = y − 𝐺;
𝑟# + 𝑟! 418. 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑜 𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =

419. 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 ∶ 𝐼U = 𝐼# = 𝐼! p !

1 1 1 447. 𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝐻 = 𝐼! 𝑅𝑡 =
_
𝑡 = 𝑉𝐼𝑡;
Inductor 𝐿 = 𝐿# + 𝐿! 420. 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉U = 𝑉# + 𝑉! ; X
= + p !
𝐿 𝐿# 𝐿! 421. 𝑅U = 𝑅# + 𝑅! ; 448. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃 = 𝐼! 𝑅 = X = 𝑉𝐼;
Spring 1 1 1 𝑘 = 𝑘# + 𝑘! Resistors in parallel : Magnetic Field due to current
= + 422. 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑠 Z y.'2.J1.M ????⃗ K U⃗„
Z y.ƒ'2
𝑘 𝑘# 𝑘! 449. 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑡. 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑑𝐵 = %s* = %s*
423. 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 ∶ 𝑉U = 𝑉# = 𝑉! U! U"
Z* y(J1. RGJ1. m)
# # t! # 424. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐼U = 𝐼# + 𝐼! ; 450. 𝐷𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵 = %s
403. 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑈 = 𝐶𝑉 ! = = 𝑄𝑉 -
! ! H ! # # # X •X X X4 Z !y Z y
Combination of drop 425. X = X + X ; 𝑅U = X #GX! = <4 4 = U-(1IG# 451. 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵 = %s* = !s* -
+ # ! # ! G# -
<6
404. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑄 = 𝑛𝑞 452. 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵 = %s* -
Z y
# Electric Cell:
"
405. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑅 = √𝑛𝑟 = 𝑛 𝑟 "
426. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐼 =
\
=
p
=
\"p
; 453. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔(𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙) 𝐵 =
Z*>?

! ! XGU X U !X
"
406. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉 = w √𝑛y 𝑣 = 𝑛" 𝑣 427. 𝑃. 𝐷 = 𝑉 = 𝐼. 𝑅 = 𝐸 − 𝐼𝑟 = f
X
g•𝐸 454. 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵 =
Z* ? <!

; "
" & XGU !(X ! G* ! )!
407. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑈 = w √𝑛y 𝑢 = 𝑛" 𝑢 \"p \ \
# 428. 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟 = y = y − 𝑅 = fp − 1g 𝑅 455. 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝐵 = %s X
Z* yR
"
408. 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐶 = √𝑛𝑐 = 𝑛" 𝑐 429. 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐸U = 𝐸# + 𝐸! ; 456. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝐵 = 𝜇I 𝑛𝐼
𝑜𝑟 𝐸U = 𝑛. 𝐸. 𝑜𝑟. 𝐸U = (𝑛 − 2𝑚). 𝐸 Z* …y
457. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝐵 = 𝜇I 𝑛𝐼 = !sX
430. 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑟U = 𝑟# + 𝑟! ; 𝑟U = 𝑛. 𝑟
(~# U! G~! U# ) 458. 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ∮ 𝐵|⃗ • |||⃗
𝑑𝑙 = 𝜇I 𝐼
431. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐸U = 𝐸; 𝑜𝑟 𝐸U = U# GU!
; Z yU †U
U 459. 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐵 = * ! = 𝜇I
432. 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑟U = . !sX !
460. 𝑗
433. 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 w𝑛D0U10D &𝑚E-U-2202 y: Magnetic Force on charge and current
𝑛𝑟
𝐸U = 𝑛𝐸. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟U = ; |⃗y
461. 𝐹 = 𝑞w𝑣⃗ 𝑋 𝐵
𝑚
434. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 ∶ 𝑟U = 𝑅; 462. 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐹 = 0
435. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 ∶ 𝑅 = 𝑟; 463. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝐵. 𝐹 = 0;
436. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙: 𝑅 = 0; 464. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 ⊥ 𝑡𝑜 𝐵. 𝐹 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵;
Kirchhoff`s law and Electric instruments 𝑚𝑣 𝑝 √2. 𝑚. 𝐾𝐸
𝑟= = =
437. 𝐽𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑎𝑤 ∶ ∑B1 𝐼 = 0; 𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵
 𝑞𝐵 2𝜋𝑚 ∆𝐵 𝐵B − 𝐵1 514. 𝑍 = £𝑅! + (𝑋+ − 𝑋n )!
𝜔=
; 𝑇 = ; = −𝑁𝐴= −𝑁𝐴
𝑚 𝑞𝐵 ∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 !s
515. ∫g 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 0
465. 𝑂𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝐹 = 𝑞(𝑣𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃)𝐵; ∆𝐴 𝐴B − 𝐴1
𝑚𝑣𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑝𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 = −𝑁𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵 516. ℰ = ℰg 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡
𝑟= = ∆𝑡 ∆𝑡 ℰ
𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃B − 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃1 517. 𝐼X = 𝐼g 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 = X8 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡

𝑞𝐵 2𝜋𝑚 = −𝑁𝐵𝐴 ℰ
518. 𝐼+ = −𝐼g 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = − K8 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = −ℰg 𝜔𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡
𝜔= ; 𝑇 = ; ∆𝑡 B
𝑚 𝑞𝐵 |⃗ • (𝑙⃗ 𝑋 𝑣⃗)
489. Motional emf < ℰ >= 𝑙𝐵𝑣 = 𝐵 ℰ ℰ
2𝜋𝑚𝑣𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 :VX !
519. 𝐼n = 𝐼g 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = K8 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡 = Vn8 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡
𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ = 𝑣𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 • 𝑇 = 490. Rotating rod: < ℰ >= C
#
𝑞𝐵 z$ "z%
! 520. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑉UFD • 𝐼UFD • 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙 = ! 𝑉I • 𝐼I • 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙
466. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐹 = 𝐼w𝑙⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗y = 𝐼𝑙𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 491. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑁
; 521. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙
X
Z* y# y! 2 'y 'y
467. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑏/𝑤 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝐹 = !s- 492. ℰ = −𝐿 '( = −𝑀 '( 522. 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃 • 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜙
Z* s…! X Wave optics:
468. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑛𝐼w𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵
|⃗ y = 𝑛𝐼𝐴𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 ; 493. For coil : 𝐿 = 523. 𝑂𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝜇𝑙
!
469. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = −𝑛𝐼w𝐴⃗ • 𝐵
|⃗y = −𝑛𝐼𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 ; Z* … ! 7 Cq
494. For solenoid : 𝐿 = 524. 𝑌𝑇𝑆𝐸: 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ: 𝛽 = '
470. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛𝐼𝐴; #
2
'
471. 𝐿𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑧 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹 = 𝑞w𝐸|⃗ + 𝑣⃗ 𝑋 𝐵
|⃗ y 495. Energy: 𝑈 = ! 𝐿𝐼 ! 525. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = q
'|: Z* …# …! 76 ˆm ∆* z
472. 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 496. For conc. Coil: 𝑀 = 526. = =
F4 X4 m q !s
M .7: Z* …# …! 7 ˆm ((Z"#)
473. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑀𝐶𝐺) = y = 497. For coaxial solenoid: 𝑀 = 2
527. =
Y m q
Magnets and Magnetism 498. For conc. Coil: 𝑀 = 𝑘£𝐿# 𝐿! 528. 𝐴 = £𝐴#!
+ 𝐴!! + 2𝐴# 𝐴 ! 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙
474. 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚 𝐵 n
499. 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝜏 = X = 𝑅C 529. 𝐼 = 𝐼# + 𝐼! + 2£𝐼# 𝐼! 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙
475. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑀 ||⃗ = 𝑚. 𝑙;
500. Growth
ℰ
𝐼 = X (1 − 𝑒 "A );
( (
𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 "A . 530. 𝐼F-* = 4𝐼
||⃗
476. 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑀 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ #
( ( 531. 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 ∝ q.
477. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = −𝑀 ||⃗ • 𝐵
|⃗ 501. Decay
ℰ
𝐼 = X 𝑒 "A ; 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 "A .
Z 532. 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 2𝛽
478. 𝜇U = Z ; ℰ ( (
#
*
:5
502. Charging 𝐼 = X 𝑒 "A . 𝑉 = ℰ(1 − 𝑒 "A ); 533. 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒(𝑇𝐼𝑅): 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛"# fZg ;
479. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜇 = ( (
N
503. Discharging: 𝐼 = 𝑒 "A
ℰ
𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 "A 534. 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛"# 𝜇 ;
480. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝜒F = 𝜇U − 1 X y 7
H Alternating Current 535. 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑟: 𝑢𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑: 𝐼U = ; 𝐴U =
481. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑤: 𝜒 = ; p
!
!
√!
:0
o
504. AC Voltage : 𝑉 = 𝑉g 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡; 𝑉UFD = 𝑣(𝑠𝑎𝑦) = 8 ; 536. 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑟: 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑: 𝐼U = 𝐼. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃; 𝐴U = 𝐴. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
482. 𝑇𝑎𝑛 ∅ = ; √!
Reflection(optics):
:@ ℰg
483. ℎ𝜐 ℰ = ℰg 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 ℰUFD = ; 537. 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑖 = 𝑟;
√2 $Ag
Electromagnetic Induction(EMI) y 538. 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒: 𝑛 = 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 (𝑚 − 1); 𝑚 = M ;
'z 'z 505. AC Current : 𝐼 = 𝐼g 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝐼UFD = 𝑖(𝑠𝑎𝑦) = * ;
484. Faraday’s Law: 𝑒𝑚𝑓 = ℰ = − '() = −𝑁 '( # !s V #
√!
!s
539. 𝑣1 − 𝑣F = −(𝑢1 − 𝑢F )
485. Flux. 𝜙 = 𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 506. 𝑇 = B = V
; 𝑓 = !s = o ; 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = o
; 540. 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟: 𝑓 =
U
!
486. Linked Flux 𝜙2 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 507. Peak voltage = 𝑉g = ℰg 541. 𝑀𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: B = 4 + 5 ;
# # #
'z 'z '
487. ℰ = − ) = −𝑁 = −𝑁 (𝐵𝐴𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃) 508. Peak current = 𝐼g
, 4
'( '( '( 509. 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 = < 𝑉 >= 0 542. 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑚 = , % = − 5 ;
𝑑𝐵 𝑑𝐴 !p 8
= −𝑁𝐴 = −𝑁𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵𝐴𝜔𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃 510. 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 = < 𝑉 >= s8 543. − − − −
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∆z ∆z z$ "z% 511. Ratio: Refraction(optics):
488. < ℰ >= − ∆() = −𝑁 ∆( = −𝑁 ∆( DE00' IB 21/,( 1. 4-++5F0 D1. 1 X0-2 '0E(,
512. Ratio: 544. 𝜇 = = = ;
# DE00' IB 21/,( 1. F0'15F D1. U 7EE '0E(,
513. 𝑋n = 𝑗𝜔𝐿; 𝑋+ = −𝑗
VH
 # B B B # ."
545. 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡: 𝑑 = f1 − Zg ℎ 574. 𝐴𝑇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚C = − B* f1 + CD g ; ∶ 𝑚Š = − B* ; 604. 𝑇 = B = ( ) 9 !
D D
546. 𝑂𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ (𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ) = 𝜇𝐿; 575. 𝐿C = 𝑓I + 𝑢0 ; 𝐿Š = 𝑓I + 𝑓0 ; 605. −𝐾𝐸 =
a\ 9!
= 𝑇𝐸 = −13.6 × .! 𝑒𝑉
7EEU0.( ,01/,( B B B !
547. 𝜇 = X0-2 ,01/,( (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚) 576. 𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚C = B* f1 + CDg ; ∶ 𝑚Š = B* ; # #
D D 606. 𝛥𝐸 = +13.6 × 𝑍 ! f.! − .!g 𝑒𝑉
"# # 577. 𝐿C = 𝑓I + 4𝑓 + 𝑢0 ; 𝐿Š = 𝑓I + 4𝑓 + 𝑓0 ;
548. 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: 𝐶 𝜇 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ; #
#
#
!
# #

,
B B B
578. 𝐺𝑇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚C = B* f1 − CD g ; ∶ 𝑚Š = − B* ; 607. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = q = 𝑅 f.! − .!g Å
549. 𝑟 = ; D D
# !
rZ ! "# 608.
Z! "Z# Z! Z# 579. 𝐿C = 𝑓I − 𝑢0 ; 𝐿Š = 𝑓I − 𝑓0 ;
550. = + ; Nucleus
X 4 5 580. − − − − "
#
551. B = (𝜇 − 1) fX − X g ;
# #
Electromagnetic wave(EMW) 609. 𝑅 = 𝑅I √𝐴
# #
#
#
!
581. ∮ 𝐸|⃗ • ||||⃗
|
𝑑𝑆 = ~%, 610. 𝑅I = 1.4 𝑋 10"#& 𝑚
552. 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑠: B = 4 − 5 ; Y/
*
611. 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 ≈ 10#j F"
,% 4 582. ∮ 𝐵|⃗ • ||||⃗
𝑑𝑆 = 0
553. 𝑚 = − , = 5 ; '‹ Radioactivity:
* 583. ∮ 𝐸|⃗ • |||⃗
𝑑𝑙 = − E '…
554. 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = B ;
# '(
'‹
612. 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝐴 = − '( = 𝑁𝜆
|⃗ • |||⃗
584. ∮ 𝐵 𝑑𝑙 = 𝜇I (𝐼 + 𝜀I '(F)
# # # ' 613. 𝑁 = 𝑁I 𝑒 "q(
555. h = B + B − B B ; '‹F 2. ! g.Ab$
# ! # ! 585. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐼' = 𝜀I = 𝐶𝑉𝜔 614. 𝑇# = q = q
'(
556. + + + + + # # # # # !

Shift(optics) & T•I•R: 586. 𝑈 − 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = % Ü𝜀I 𝐸I! + Z 𝐵I! Ý=! 𝜀I 𝐸I! = ! Z 𝐵I! 615. < 𝑇 > = q
#
* *
' # + # + + # (
557. 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = ; 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑑 f1 − g ; 587. 𝐼 = Ü𝜀I 𝐸I! + 𝐵I! Ý= 𝜀I 𝐸I! = 𝐵I! 616. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒 = 𝑛 = o
Z Z % Z ! * !Z * #
558. 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝜇ℎ; 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 = ℎ(𝜇 − 1); 588. 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 = 𝑝 =
.,
=
\.0U/;
=
y7(
…*
!
D1.(1"U) q + + 617. 𝑁 = ,
559. 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 𝑡 FIF0.(5F y7 !
+ID 1 589. 𝐹 = (1 + 𝑟) ∗ (
= (1 + 𝑟) + 618. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝛼 − 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐴 − 4 & 𝑍 − 2
"# #
560. 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐶 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 f g ; FIF0.(5F y
619. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝛽 − 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑍 + 1
Z 590. 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = (1 + 𝑟) ∗ -U0- ∗ ( = (1 + 𝑟) +
561. 𝑎 591. 𝐸I = 𝑐𝐵I 620. 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 = 𝑚U0-+(-.( − 𝑚 EUI'5+(
Prism(optics): 592. 𝑎 621. 𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑋 𝑐 !
562. 𝑖# + 𝑖! = 𝐴 + 𝛿; 𝑟# + 𝑟! = 𝐴; Electrons and photons 622. 𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝐵𝐸EUI'5+( − 𝐵𝐸U0-+(-.( − 𝐸l
7G‰ 7 ]1.'1./ 0.0U/;
563. 𝑖 = ! ; 𝑟 = ! ; ,+ #!%!g
593. 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐸 = 𝑝𝑐 = q = ℎ𝜐 = q(Å) (𝑒𝑉) = 𝑚𝑐 ! 623. 𝐵𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑜𝑛 =
7
564. 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝛿 = 𝐴(𝜇 − 1); , \ ,4 624. 𝑣𝑒
565. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴(𝜇4 − 𝜇U ); 594. 𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛: 𝑝 = = = = 𝑚𝑐
q +
,+
+ Semiconductor:
7B Z$ "#
566. 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝 𝑤|𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: = ; 595. 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝜙 = 𝐸I = = ℎ𝜐I X
625. 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑊𝑅: 0.406 UGX ;
7$ ZB "# q*
# X
567. 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤|𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝:
7B
=
Z0$ "Z+$
; 596. 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 ∶ 𝐾𝐸0 = 𝑚𝑣 ! = 𝑒𝑉D 626. 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑊𝑅: 0.812 ;
7$ Z0B "Z+B ! UGX
597. 𝐸 = 𝐸I + 𝐾𝐸0 627. 𝐼\ = 𝐼: + 𝐼H
568. − − − − , , , y
Common: 598. 𝜆 = = = 628. 𝛼 = G
E F4 √!•F•d\ yF
569. − − − − 599. ∆𝑝 • ∆𝑥 = 𝑚∆𝑣 • ∆𝑥 ≥ 𝑎
, y
!s
629. 𝛽 = G
Optical instruments yE
#.!!q ' Atoms # #
570. 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∶ 7 = C ; 630. = + 1
600. 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑛 𝑋 𝑑𝑒𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ R m
571. 𝜇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚C = 1 + ; ∶ 𝑚Š = ;
C C .! 631. 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑐 𝐺𝑎𝑡𝑒
B B 601. 𝑟 = 0.53 Å
n C 4 C
9
9
A B OR AND XOR NOR NAND XNOR
572. 𝐶𝜇𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒: 𝑚C = − B f1 + B g ; ∶ 𝑚Š = − 5* B ; 602. 𝑣 = 2.2 × 10A .m/s 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
* D *
573. 𝐿C = 𝑣I ; 𝐿Š = 𝑣I + 𝑓0 ; 603. 𝐿 = 𝑛 !s
, 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 17. Flux 57. Combination of cell
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 18. Gauss`s Law 58. Kirchhoff`s law
632. 19. Point charge , line charge, surface charge 59. Heating effect of current
Communication: 20. Spherical systems 60. Galvanometer
633. 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 21. Superposition 61. Ammeter
########################### Energy and potential:5 62. Voltmeter
Frequently used Formula / concept: 22. Electric potential 63. Potentiometer
634. Energy conservation 23. Superposition 64. Wheat-stone bridge
635. Free body diagram 24. Potential for ring 65. Meter bridge
636. Component of vector 25. Potential for disc 66. Colour code
637. Resultant of vectors 26. Equipotential surface 67. Post-office box
638. Conservation of momentum 27. Relation b/w potential and field Magnetic effect:6
639. Ratio formula 28. Electric dipole and potential 68. Biot Savart Law
640. Percentage Change formula 29. Properties of conductor 69. St. wire
!s
641. 𝑇 = V ; 30. Cavity in conductor 70. Axis of ring
642. 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎; 31. Electric shielding 71. Solenoid
Things to Learn Capacitor:5 72. Ampere circuital law
1. Calculation 32. Capacitance 73. St wire
2. Formula 33. Spherical conductor 74. Solenoid
3. Formula conversion 34. Energy in capacitor 75. Inside wire
4. Story 35. Redistribution of charge Magnetic Force:6
5. Units conversion 36. Parallel plate capacitor 76. Force on moving charge
6. 37. Effect of dielectric 77. Force on current wire
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 38. Partially filled 78. Magnetic dipole
#############𝑃𝐻𝑌𝑆𝐼𝐶𝑆 𝑇𝑂𝑃𝐼𝐶𝑆############## 39. Force b/w plates 79. Dipole in uniform field
Electro stat:5 40. Combination 80. Force b/w wires
1. Introduction 41. Symmetrical system Magnetism:7
2. Charge 42. Wheat stone bridge 81. Magnet properties
3. Charge and mass 82. Bar magnet
43. Filling of dielectric
4. Production of charge 83. Magnetic induction(B)
44. Energy density
5. Coulomb`s Law 45. Charging of capacitor 84. Intensity of magnetisation
6. Superposition 85. Magnetic field strength(H)
46. Discharging of capacitor
7. Permittivity Current Electricity:6 86. Permeability
8. Electric Field 47. Charge and Current 87. Susceptibility
9. Electric field intensity 48. Drift speed and relaxation time 88. Bar magnet
10. Due to point charge 49. Resistance of wire 89. Hysteresis
11. Due to ring 50. Temperature dependence 90. Electromagnet
12. Superposition 51. Conductor , semiconductor, alloy 91. Moving coil magnetometer
13. Symmetrical system 52. Ohm`s Law 92. Earth magnitesm
14. Electric field lines 53. Combination of resistance 93. Magnetometer
15. Electric dipole and its field 54. Symmetrical system 94. Magnetic material
16. Force and Torque on dipole 55. Cell and EMF Electro Magnetic Induction:7
Gauss Law:5 56. Internal resistance 95. Magnetic lines and flux
 96. Gauss Law Photo electric effect:9 173. Propagation of EM wave
97. Faraday Laws 135. Emission of electron 174. Modulation
98. Lenz Law 136. Hertz and Lenard Exp 175. Amplitude modulation
99. Motional EMF 137. Photo electric effect 176. Frequency modulation
100. Eddy current 138. Stopping potential Electromagnetic wave:8
101. Self inductance 139. Photo electric current 177. Introduction
102. Mutual inductance 140. Graph 178. Displacement current
103. Growth and decay of current 141. Davisson and Germer exp 179. Maxwell`s current
104. LC-circuit Radioactivity:9 180. Equation : electric field and B
105. Induced electric field 142. Nuclear stability 181. Spectrum
Alternating Current:7 143. Alpha decay Reflection:8
106. Current and phaser 144. Beta decay 182. Introduction to optics
107. Factor (form +) 145. Gamma Decay 183. Laws of Reflection of light
108. Current and potential 146. Radio Decay Law 184. From plane surface
109. Resistance 147. Successive decay 185. Three types of problem
110. Capacitor 148. Isobar, isotope, isotone 186. Reflection from spherical mirror
111. Indictor 149. Energy mass 187. Image formation
112. L-R circuit 150. Binding energy 188. Mirror formula
113. C-R circuit 151. Nuclear fission 189. Image velocity
114. LCR circuit 152. Nuclear fussion 190. Magnification
115. Resonance Semiconductor:9 191. Different(ten) type of problems
116. Quality factor 153. Introduction Refraction:8
117. Wattless current 154. Energy Band 192. Laws of refraction of light
118. Power 155. Intrinsic and extrinsic 193. Refractive index
119. AC generator 156. P-N junction diode 194. Refraction from plane surface(depth)
120. Transformer 157. Diffusion current and drift current 195. Refraction from spherical surface
Dual Nature:9 158. Characteristic 196. Lens and image formation
121. Dual Nature 159. Rectifier 197. Different(12) types of problem
122. Electromagnetic Spectrum 160. Zener Diode 198. Deviation in reflection
123. Momentum and pressure 161. Photo diode TIR:8
124. De-Broglie wavelength and matter wave 162. LED 199.
Atomic Structure:9 163. Solar cell 200.
125. Early concept 164. Transistor Prism:8
126. Rutherford model 165. PNP and NPN 201. Deviation
127. Bohr model 166. Working of PNP and NPN 202. Minimum deviation
128. Hydrogen spectrum 167. Current gain, voltage gain and power gain 203. Dispersion
129. Hydrogen like atom Digital electronics:9 204. Dispersive power
X-ray:9 168. Binary Instruments:8
130. Introduction 169. Logic gates 205. Simple microscope
131. Production Communication:9 206. Compound microscope
132. Characteristic 170. Elements of communication 207. Astronomical telescope
133. Continuous 171. Bandwidth of Signal 208. Terrestrial telescope
134. Mosley Lay 172. Bandwidth of transmission medium 209. Galilean telescope
 …5F]0U IB FI20 IB 7 ap
210. Resolving power 12. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = …5F]0U IB FI20 IB DI25(1I. 46. 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑍 = Xo
Polarisation:8 …5F]0U IB FI20 IB DI25(0 %•'•#g Thermodynamics
211. Polarization 13. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = =
pI25F0 IB DI25(1I. 1. n ` 47. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 𝑞4 = ∆𝑈
212. Plane polarized light 14. 𝐷𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑀# 𝑉# = 𝑀! 𝑉! 48. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡. 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑞E = ∆𝐻
213. Brewster Angle 15. 𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 2 𝑋 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 49. 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦: 𝐻 = 𝑈 + 𝑝𝑉
214. Uses Atomic Structure 50. ∆𝐻 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑝∆𝑉
215. Polaroid 16. 𝑍: 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 51. ∆𝐻 = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑛/ 𝑅𝑇
Wave theory:8 17. 𝐴: 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 |
18. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 𝐴 − 𝑍 52. 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑐 = F∆o
216. Huygens Theory |
217. Reflection and refraction 19. 𝑐 = 𝜈 • 𝜆 53. 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑐. = .∆o
Interference :8 20. 𝐸 = ℎ • 𝜈 54. 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑠: ∆𝑈 = 𝑞 + 𝑊
#
218. Principle of superposition 21. ℎ𝜈 = ℎ𝜈g + ! 𝑚𝑣 ! 55. 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: ∆𝐻 = ∑ ∆𝐻EUI'5+( −
219. Amplitude and intensity # # ∑ ∆𝐻U0-+(-.(
22. 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑣̅ = 109677 f.! − .!g 𝑐𝑚"#
220. Interference (cons & dist) # ! 56.
\! "\#
Diffraction :8 23. 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝜈 = Atomicity 𝛾 𝑐E 𝑐4
,
221. Introduction , monoatomic 5/3 5R/2 3R/2
24. 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 = 𝑚𝑣𝑟 = 𝑛 !s
222. From narrow slit Diatomic 7/5 7R/2 5R/2
9!
YDSE:8 25. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝐸. = −2.18𝑋10"#i f.!g Triatomic(non- 4/3 4R 3R
223. Intensity .! linear
224. Maxima and minima 26. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 52.9 f 9 g 𝑝𝑚 d
# #
57. 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡: 𝐾0| = d$
225. Path difference 27. 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑝 = 2.18𝑋10"#i Ê − Ë "
4
.%! .$!
226. Fringe 58. 𝐾E = 𝐾+ (𝑅𝑇)!
, , ,
227. Path difference by slab 28. 𝐷𝑒𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝜆 = = = [H]B[C]1
E F4 √!F•d\ 59. 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄 = [7]: [:]4
228. Shifting of fringe ,
29. 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑔 𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒: ∆𝑥 • ∆𝑝 ≥ %s 60. ∆𝐺 I = −2.303𝑅𝑇 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐾
########################### 30. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 = 𝑛 [7H ][: I ]
61. 𝐾1 =
CHEMISTRY 31. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑛(, 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝑛! [7:]
32. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑛(, 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 2𝑛! 62. 𝐾^ = [𝐻G ][𝑂𝐻" ] = 10"#%
Mole Concept
33. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑏𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 2𝑙 + 1 63. 𝑝𝐻 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔[𝐻G ]
1. 𝑇(𝐾) = 𝑇(℃) + 273;
b 34. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑏𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 2(2𝑙 + 1) 64. 𝑝𝐾^ = 𝑝𝐻 + 𝑝𝑂𝐻 = 14
2. 𝑇(℉) = 𝑇(℃) + 32; [7I][N" ’ H ]
&
F-DD IB -(IF IB 020F0.(
35. 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 𝑛 − 𝑙 65. 𝐾- = [7N]
3. 𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = # 36. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑛 − 𝑙 − 1 [: H ][’N I ]
F-DD IB -(IF IB +-U]IF
#!
37. 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝑙 66. 𝐾] = [:’N]
Ž(/)
4. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 7 State of matter 67. 𝐾- 𝑜𝑟 𝐾] = 𝛼𝑥 !
5. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 = `
Ž(/) 38. 𝐵𝑜𝑦𝑙𝑒 _ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤(𝑇, 𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡): 𝑃# 𝑉# = 𝑃! 𝑉! 68. 𝐾^ = 𝐾- 𝑋 𝐾]
p p
6. 𝐴𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑁- = 6.022𝑋10!$ 39. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑒𝑠 _ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤(𝑃, 𝑛 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡): o# = o! 69. 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
7
# !
1
7. 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = … 40. 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜_ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: (𝑃, 𝑇 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡): 𝑉 = 𝑘𝑛 𝑝𝐻 = [𝑝𝐾^ − 𝑝𝐾] − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐]
:
41. 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 2
` 70. 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
8. 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = … a p a p
: 42. 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑞: # # = ! ! 1
o# o!
9. 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 = 𝑛 𝑋𝑁- =
Ž K …:
=
p K …: 𝑝𝐻 = [𝑝𝐾^ + 𝑝𝐾- + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑐]
` !!.% 43. 𝐷𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑛_ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒: 𝑃 = 𝑝# + 𝑝# + ⋯ 2
10. 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠%(𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒) =
020F0.( F-DD
𝑋 100 44. 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑃1 = 𝑛1 • 𝑃 71. 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
` -.! 1
F-DD IB DI25(0
11. 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 % = F-DD IB DI25(1I. 𝑋 100 45. 𝑣𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑒𝑞: f𝑃 + g (𝑉 − 𝑛𝑏) = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑝𝐻 = [𝑝𝐾^ + 𝑝𝐾- − 𝑝𝐾] ]
p! 2
72. 𝐾DE = [𝐴;G ]* [𝐵 *" ]; 𝑎# 𝑏# 𝑐#
Solid States ########################### 21. Condition of congruency ì𝑎! 𝑏! 𝑐! ì = 0
73. 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
pI25F0 I++5E10' ]; E-U(1+20D MATHEMATICS 𝑎$ 𝑏$ 𝑐$
4I25F0 IB 5.1( +022 22. The equation of a family of straight lines passing
# 1. Distance: 𝐷 = £((𝑥! − 𝑥# )! + (𝑦! − 𝑦# )! )
74. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟 = i F*! G.*# F;! G.;# through the point of intersection of two lines : 𝑎# 𝑥 +
2. Section: 𝑋 = FG. 𝑌 = FG.
75. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = !
#
*# G*! G*" ;# G;! G;"
𝑏# 𝑦 + 𝑐# + 𝑘(𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏! 𝑦 + 𝑐! ) = 0
3. Centroid : 𝐺 = [ $
, $
] 23. 𝑖# = 𝑖; 𝑖 ! = −1; 𝑖 $ = −𝑖; 𝑖 % = 1;
76. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = 1 -*# G]*! G+*" -;# G];! G+;" 24. 𝑧 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏
# 4. Incentre : 𝐼 = [ , ]
77. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = % -G]G+ -G]G+ 25. (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) + (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎 + 𝑐) + 𝑖(𝑏 + 𝑑)
"-*# G]*! G+*" "-;# G];! G+;"
78. 5. Excentre : 𝐼# = [ , ] 26. (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) − (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎 − 𝑐) + 𝑖(𝑏 − 𝑑)
"-G]G+ "-G]G+
Crystal Radius of No. of pf 𝑥# 𝑦# 1 27. (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)(𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑) + 𝑖(𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑑)
atom atom 6. Area of triangle: 𝐴 = ì𝑥! 𝑦! 1ì (-G1]) (-+G]')
28. (+G1') = ! ! + 𝑖 ! !
(]+"-')
𝑥$ 𝑦$ 1 + G' + G'
Simple a/2 1 52.4%
29. Conjugate: 𝑎 íííííííí
+ 𝚤𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
Cubic 7. Slope of line
FCC a/2√2 4 74%
; ";
a. Two point : 𝑚 = *!"*# 30. Polar : 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 = 𝑟(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙)
BCC √3a/4 2 68%
! #
+I"0BB1+10.( IB *
31. Modulus : 𝑟 = √𝑎! + 𝑏!
b. Equation : 𝑚 = − 32. Argument: 𝜙 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛"# ( )
]
79. 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 +I"0BB1+10.( IB ;
-
80. 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 − 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 𝑥# 𝑦# 1 33. Product in polar : 𝑧# • 𝑧! = 𝑟# 𝑟! (𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙# +𝜙! ) +
Solutions 8. Condition for collinearity ì𝑥! 𝑦! 1ì = 0 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜙# +𝜙! ))
81. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑚) =
…I. IB FI20 IB DI25(0 𝑥$ 𝑦$ 1 34. Conjugate in polar = 𝑟(𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜙) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜙))
Ž(. IB DI240.((d/) 9. Equation of Straight. line : #
82. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑀) =
…5F]0U IB FI20 IB DI25(0
=
%•'•#g
a. Point slope: 𝑦 − 𝑦# = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥# ) 35. Inverse in polar =U (𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜙) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜙))
pI25F0 IB DI25(1I. 1. n ` <# U#
…5F]0U IB /U-F 0|. IB DI25(0 b. Slope intercept: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 36. = (𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜙# −𝜙! ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜙# −𝜙! )
83. 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝑁) = ; "; <! U!
pI25F0 IB DI25(1I. 1. n c. Two point: 𝑦 − 𝑦# = ! # (𝑥 − 𝑥# ) 37. 𝑧 = 𝑟 . (𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑛𝜙) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜙))
.
…5F]0U IB /U-F BIUF52- F-DD IB DI25(0 *! "*#
84. 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦(𝐹) = * ; 38. De moivre(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙)! = 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝑛𝜙) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜙)
pI25F0 IB DI25(1I. 1. n d. Intercept : + = 1
- ]
A
85. 𝑝𝑝𝑚 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑋10 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑋10 A 39. Euler’s Formula : 𝑒 1z = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙
e. Perp / normal: 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 = 𝑝
86. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑦 _ 𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤: 40.
f. Parametric: 𝑥 = 𝑥# + 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
87. 𝑅𝑎𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑡 _ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 41. Equation of circle: 𝑥 ! + 𝑦 ! = 𝑟 !
g. General form = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
Electrochemistry F "F 42. Equation of circle: (𝑥 − 𝑎)! + (𝑦 − 𝑏)! = 𝑟 !
10. Angle b/w two st. line: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = ! # 43. Parametric form 𝑥 = 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙 𝑦 = 𝑅 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜙
88. 𝑂ℎ𝑚_ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 #GF# F!
-# ] +
2 #
89. 𝑅 = 𝜌 7 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝜅 = e ; 11. Condition for || lines : = ]# ≠ +# 44. 𝐴𝑥 ! + 𝐴𝑦 ! + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
-! ! !
+ "+ C \ C ! G\ ! "%7h
90. 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐺 = X
# 12. Distance b/w parallel lines: 𝑑 = #! !! →𝑎=− ; 𝑏 = − ; 𝑅 = —
√- G] !7 !7 !|7|
2 13. Condition for ⊥ lines : 𝑎# 𝑎! + 𝑏# 𝑏! = 0 45.
91. 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝜎 = - ; 𝜅 = 𝐺𝜎
#ggg“
14. Position of the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) relative to 46. 𝚤̂ = (1,0,0) 𝚥̂ = (0,1,0) 𝑘v = (0,0,1)
92. 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒: 𝛬` = +(FI2-U1(;) the line ax+by+c = 0 47. |𝚤̂| = |𝚥̂| = {𝑘v { = 1
F -* G]; G+
93. 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒: 𝛬… =
#ggg“ 15. Ratio of division by line: = − # # 48. 𝑟⃗ = 𝐴𝐵 |||||⃗ = (𝑥# − 𝑥g )𝚤̂ + (𝑦# − 𝑦g )𝚥̂ + (𝑧# − 𝑧g ) 𝑘v
+(.IUF-21(;) . -*! G];! G+
-*# G];# G+ |||||⃗ { = £(𝑥# − 𝑥g )! + (𝑦# − 𝑦g )! + (𝑧# − 𝑧g )!
94. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑡𝑒: 𝛬… ∝
# 16. Length of ⊥ : 49. |𝑟⃗| = {𝐴𝐵
√-! G] !
√+ |||||⃗ = 𝑟⃗ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐵𝐴 |||||⃗ = −𝑟⃗
95. 𝑝=𝑎 17. Foot of the ⊥
* "*# ; ";#
= =−
-*# G];# G+ 50. If 𝐴𝐵
- ] -! G] ! 51. 𝑖𝑓 𝑟⃗# (𝑥# , 𝑦# , 𝑧# ) = 𝑟⃗! (𝑥! , 𝑦! , 𝑧! )
96. +𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 ! + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0;𝐵! − 4𝐴𝐶 < 0 18. Image of (x1, y1):
* "*#
=
; ";#
= −2
-*# G];# G+
97. Circumference: 𝐿 = 4𝑎𝐸(𝑒) - ] -! G] ! 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛. 𝑥# = 𝑥! ; 𝑦# = 𝑦! ; 𝑧# = 𝑧! ;
19. Angle bisectors:
-# *G]# ;G+#
=±
-! *G]! ;G+!
52. Commutative Law : 𝐴⃗ + 𝐵|⃗ = 𝐵 |⃗ + 𝐴⃗
√-! G] ! √-! G] !
20. Acute and obtuse bisector 53. Associative Law : w𝐴⃗ + 𝐵 |⃗y + 𝐶⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + (𝐵
|⃗ + 𝐶⃗)
54. 𝐴⃗ + 𝐵|⃗ = (𝐴* + 𝐵* )𝚤̂ + w𝐴; + 𝐵; y𝚥̂ + (𝐴< + 𝐵< )𝑘v 85. 𝐴𝑥 ! + 𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 ! + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0;𝐵! − 4𝐴𝐶 <
55. 𝐴⃗ − 𝐵|⃗ = (𝐴* − 𝐵* )𝚤̂ + w𝐴; − 𝐵; y𝚥̂ + (𝐴< − 𝐵< )𝑘v 0
86. Circumference: 𝐿 = 4𝑎𝐸(𝑒)
56. ⃗
𝐴−𝐵 |⃗ = 𝐴⃗ + w−𝐵 |⃗ y
87. Approx.: 𝐿 = 𝜋w1.5(𝑎 + 𝑏) − √𝑎𝑏y = 𝜋£2(𝑎! + 𝑏! )
57. 𝜆 • 𝐴⃗ = 𝜆𝐴* 𝚤̂ + 𝜆𝐴; 𝚥̂ + 𝜆𝐴< 𝑘v 88. 𝑆 = 𝜋𝑎𝑏
58. 𝜆 • (𝐴⃗ + 𝐵|⃗ ) = 𝜆 • 𝐴⃗ + 𝜆 • 𝐵
|⃗ *! ;!
89. Equation of hyperbola: − ]! = 1
59. 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵
|⃗ = |𝐴⃗| • {𝐵|⃗{ • 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
]
-!
90. Asymptotes: 𝑦 = ± 𝑥
60. 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵
|⃗ = (𝐴* 𝑋 𝐵* ) + w𝐴; 𝑋 𝐵; y + (𝐴< 𝑋 𝐵< ) -
7⃗•:
?⃗ 91. 𝑐 ! = 𝑎! + 𝑏!
61. For angle b/w vectors: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = |7⃗|•|:?⃗| +
92. Eccentricity 𝑒 = - > 1
62. Commutative: 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 |⃗ = 𝐵 |⃗ • 𝐴⃗ - -!
93. Directrices : 𝑥 = ± 0 = ± +
63. Distributive: 𝐴 • w𝐵 + 𝐶⃗y = 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵
⃗ |⃗ |⃗ + 𝐴⃗ • 𝐶⃗
94. Parametric form : 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑡; 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑡
64. 𝐴⃗ • 𝐵 |⃗ = 0 ⟹ 𝐴⃗ & 𝐵 |⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙
95. 𝐴𝑥 ! + 𝐵𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 ! + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0;𝐵! − 4𝐴𝐶 <
65. v
𝚤̂ • 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ • 𝚥̂ = 𝑘 • 𝑘 = 1v 0
66. 𝚤̂ • 𝚥̂ = 𝚥̂ • 𝑘v = 𝑘v • 𝚤̂ = 0 96. Circumference: 𝐿 = 4𝑎𝐸(𝑒)
67. |𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗| = |𝐴⃗| • {𝐵 |⃗ { • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 97.

𝚤̂ 𝚥̂ 𝑘v
68. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ = …𝐴* 𝐴; 𝐴< …
𝐵* 𝐵; 𝐵<
𝐴; 𝐴< 𝐴 𝐴< 𝐴* 𝐴;
69. 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ = † † 𝚤̂ − † * † 𝚥̂ + † † 𝑘v
𝐵; 𝐵< 𝐵* 𝐵< 𝐵* 𝐵;
70. Noncommutative: 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ ≠ 𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐴⃗; 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ = −𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐴⃗
71. Distributive: 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 w𝐵 |⃗ + 𝐶⃗y = 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵 |⃗ + 𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗
72. ⃗ |⃗ ⃗
𝐴 𝑋 𝐵 = 0 ⟹ 𝐴 & 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 |⃗ Trigonometry
73. 𝚤̂ 𝑋 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂ 𝑋 𝚥̂ = 𝑘v 𝑋 𝑘v = 0 →1) sin x has period 2π
74. 𝚤̂ 𝑋 𝚥̂ = 𝑘v; 𝚥̂ 𝑋 𝑘v = 𝚤̂; 𝑘v 𝑋 𝚤̂ = 𝚥̂
𝐴* 𝐴; 𝐴<
75. 𝐴⃗ • (𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗) = … 𝐵* 𝐵; 𝐵< … 2) cos x has period 2π
𝐶* 𝐶; 𝐶<
76. Volume of parallelopiped: = 𝐴⃗ • (𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗) 3) tan x has period π
#
77. Volume of pyramid: = A 𝐴 • (𝐵 𝑋 𝐶⃗) ⃗ |⃗
78. 𝐴⃗ • w𝐵 |⃗ 𝑋 𝐶⃗y = 0 ⟹ 𝐴⃗ , 𝐵 |⃗ & 𝐵 |⃗ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟 4) sin(ax+b), cos (ax+b), sec(ax+b),
79. 𝐴 𝑋w𝐵 𝑋 𝐶 y = w𝐴 𝑋 𝐶 y𝐵 − w𝐴⃗ 𝑋 𝐵
⃗ |⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ |⃗ |⃗y𝐶⃗ cosec (ax+b) all are of period 2π/a
*! ;!
80. Equation of ellipse: -! + ]! = 1
81. 𝑐 ! = 𝑎! − 𝑏! 5) tan (ax+b) and cot (ax+b) have π/a as
+
82. Eccentricity 𝑒 = - < 1 their period
- -!
83. Directrices : 𝑥 = ± = ±
0 +
84. Parametric form : 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡; 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 6) |sin (ax+b)|, |cos (ax+b)|, |sec(ax+b)|,
|cosec (ax+b)| all are of period π/a
 1) 2sinAcosB = sin(A + B) + sin (A - B)
7) |tan (ax+b)| and |cot (ax+b)| have π/2a 2) cos2x = cos2x – sin2x = 1 – 2sin2x =
as their period 2cos2x – 1 2) 2cosAsinB = sin(A + B) - sin (A - B)

➖Sum and Difference Formulae of 3) tan 2x = 2 tan x / (1-tan 2x) 3) 2cosAcosB = cos(A + B) + cos(A - B)
Trigonometric Ratios
4) sin 3x = 3 sin x – 4 sin3x 4) 2sinAsinB = cos(A - B) - cos (A + B)
1) sin(a + ß) = sin(a)cos(ß) + cos(a)sin(ß)
5) cos3x = 4 cos3x – 3 cosx 5) sin A + sin B = 2 sin [(A+B)/2] cos [(A-
2) sin(a – ß) = sin(a)cos(ß) – cos(a)sin(ß) B)/2]
6) tan 3x = (3 tan x - tan3x) / (1- 3tan 2x)
3) cos(a + ß) = cos(a)cos(ß) – sin(a)sin(ß) 6) sin A - sin B = 2 sin [(A-B)/2] cos
➖For angles A, B and C, we have [(A+B)/2]
4) cos(a – ß) = cos(a)cos(ß) + sin(a)sin(ß)
1) sin (A + B +C) = sinAcosBcosC + 7) cosA + cos B = 2 cos [(A+B)/2] cos
5) tan(a + ß) = [tan(a) + tan (ß)]/ [1 - cosAsinBcosC + cosAcosBsinC - [(A-B)/2]
tan(a)tan (ß)] sinAsinBsinC
8) cosA - cos B = 2 sin [(A+B)/2] sin [(B-
6)tan(a - ß) = [tan(a) - tan (ß)]/ [1 + tan (a) 2) cos (A + B +C) = cosAcosBcosC- A)/2]
tan (ß)] cosAsinBsinC - sinAcosBsinC -
sinAsinBcosC 9) tanA ± tanB = sin (A ± B)/ cos A cos B
7) tan (π/4 + θ) = (1 + tan θ)/(1 - tan θ)
3) tan (A + B +C) = [tan A + tan B + tan C 98. 10) cot A ± cot B = sin (B ± A)/ sin A
8) tan (π/4 - θ) = (1 - tan θ)/(1 + tan θ) –tan A tan B tan C]/ [1- tan Atan B - tan sin B

B tan C –tan A tan C 99. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = ; 𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = ;

9) cot (a + ß) = [cot(a) . cot (ß) - 1]/ [cot 100. 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = ; 𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = ;
101. 𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
(a) +cot (ß)] 4) cot (A + B +C) = [cot A cot B cot C –

cotA - cot B - cot C]/ [cot A cot B + cot
10) cot (a - ß) = [cot(a) . cot (ß) + 1]/ [cot Bcot C + cot A cotC–1]
(ß) - cot (a)] 102. 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠:

𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝜃 ; 𝐶𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = ;

103. 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠:
➖Double or Triple -Angle Identities ➖List of some other trigonometric
formulas:
1) sin 2x = 2sin x cos x
 138. =\frac{ax+ 2 38. Nuclei
139. =\frac{ax+ 2 39. Radioactivity
140. =\frac{ax+ 2 40. X-ray
104. 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠: 141. =\frac{ax+ 2 41. Semi-conductor
142. =\frac{ax+ 2 42. Communication
143. =\frac{ax+ 2
144. left | \frac{2\sqrt{h^{2}-ab}}{a+b} \right |tanΘ=

145.
105. 𝑆𝑖𝑛(−𝜃) = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑠(−𝜃) = ; 1. Trigonometry

106. 𝑇𝑎𝑛(−𝜃) = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐( −𝜃) = ; 2. Differentiation - Integration
3. Error, Dimension & Vector
107. 𝑆𝑒𝑐(−𝜃) = ; 𝐶𝑜𝑡(−𝜃) = ;
4. Motion
108. 𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜃) = ; 5. Uniformly accelerated motion

109. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜃) = ; = ; = ; 6. Newton’s Law of Motion
7. WEP
110. 𝑇𝑎𝑛(2𝜃) = ;
M 8. Collision
111. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ! = 9. Rotational
M 10. Gravitation
112. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ! =
M 11. Elasticity
113. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ! = 12. Surface Tension
114. 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 13. Viscosity
115. 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 14. Fluid
116. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 15. Thermal expansion
117. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 16. Heat Transfer

118. 𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 17. Radiation

119. 𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
18. Calorimetry
19. KTG
120. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 20. Thermodynamics
121. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 • 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 21. Oscillation
122. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 • 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 22. Wave
123. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 • 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 23. Sound & Standing wave
124. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 24. Electric field
125. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 25. Electric potential
126. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐵 = 26. Capacitor
127. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = 27. Current
128. 28. Magnetic field
129. 29. Magnetic Force
130. =\frac{ax+ 2 30. Magnetism
131. =\frac{ax+ 2 31. EMI
132. =\frac{ax+ 2 32. Alternating Current
133. =\frac{ax+ 2 33. OPTICS
134. =\frac{ax+ 2 34. Wave-optics
135. =\frac{ax+ 2 35. EMW
136. =\frac{ax+ 2 36. Photon and electron
137. =\frac{ax+ 2 37. Atom
 Z* …# …! 7
656. For coaxial solenoid: 𝑀 =
2
657. For conc. Coil: 𝑀 = 𝑘£𝐿# 𝐿!
n
658. 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝜏 = X = 𝑅C
( (
ℰ
659. Growth 𝐼 = X (1 − 𝑒 "A ); 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 "A .
( (
ℰ
660. Decay 𝐼 = X 𝑒 "A ; 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 "A .
( (
ℰ
661. Charging 𝐼 = X 𝑒 "A . 𝑉 = ℰ(1 − 𝑒 "A );
( (
ℰ
662. Discharging: 𝐼 = X 𝑒 "A 𝑉 = ℰ𝑒 "A

Electromagnetic Induction(EMI)
'z 'z
643. Faraday’s Law: 𝑒𝑚𝑓 = ℰ = − '() = −𝑁 '(
644. Flux. 𝜙 = 𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
645. Linked Flux 𝜙2 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
'z 'z '
646. ℰ = − '() = −𝑁 '( = −𝑁 '( (𝐵𝐴𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃)
𝑑𝐵 𝑑𝐴
= −𝑁𝐴 = −𝑁𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵𝐴𝜔𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∆z ∆z z$ "z%
647. < ℰ >= − ) = −𝑁 = −𝑁

∆( ∆( ∆(
∆𝐵 𝐵 B − 𝐵1
= −𝑁𝐴 = −𝑁𝐴
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
∆𝐴 𝐴B − 𝐴1

= −𝑁𝐵 = −𝑁𝐵
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃B − 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃1
= −𝑁𝐵𝐴
∆𝑡
648. Motional emf < ℰ >= 𝑙𝐵𝑣 = 𝐵 |⃗ • (𝑙⃗ 𝑋 𝑣⃗)
:VX !
649. Rotating rod: < ℰ >=
!
z$ "z%
650. 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑁 X

;
'y 'y
651. ℰ = −𝐿 '( = −𝑀 '(
Z* … ! X
652. For coil : 𝐿 = !

Z* … ! 7
653. For solenoid : 𝐿 = 2

# !
654. Energy: 𝑈 = 𝐿𝐼
!
Z* …# …! 76
655. For conc. Coil: 𝑀 =
X4