ELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 2° Semester 022 IEEEUMBB Useful Phrases The lists below offer general phrases that can be used in many kinds of research papers. For mastering the terminology and phraseology specific to a field, regular reading of the relevant literature is necessary. 1. Abstract As the Abstract is a short version of the paper, some of the phrases used in the other parts of the paper are also used in the abstract and are not mentioned here. You can find them below under +h section of the paper hints on how to start the Abstract follow: Introductory sentences The paper/article discusses/deals with/analyses/considers/explains/describes/establishes/introduces develops/presents/provides/studies/represents/features/contains/concentrates on covers/suggests/proposes/shows demonstrates the feasibility of opens up a new field/issue gives/aims to give a comprehensive a offers a solution to serves as an introduction to The main objective/goal/purpose of the paper/article Common mistakes: Wrong: Righ In this paper there/it is presented a novel This paper presents a novel method of method of ..... In this paper, a novel method of ..... is presented 2 Introduction In most cases, the Introduction section is treated as a whole and is not divided into subsections. The subheadings below should only help you organize the information. 2.1, Problem background, state of the art plays an importantvital role in . is an important issue for is extensively/widely used in .. isa very effective method for v0ELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 20 Semester, 2022 IEEBUMBB In the last few years there has been a growing interest in Quite recently, considerable attention has been paid to haveshas been gaining importance in recent years haverhas been utilized in many applications such as 2.2, Literature review/Summary of previous research Referring to the sources in general Current research on ..... is focused on Previous studies indicate that The literature on ...., shows a variety of approaches Much research on has been done. The focus of recent research has been on «+ has/have been widely researched/investigated. In recent years, research on/into ..... has become very popular. In the last decade ..... has attracted much attention from research teams .... For several years great effort has been devoted to the study of Several publications have appeared in recent years documenting Previous research has documented/shown/demonstrated that To solve this problenvissue, many researchers have proposed various methods of (+-ing) In the literature, several theories have been proposed to explain 2.3. Referring to individual authors and .... are discussed in [3] and [6] X [4] and ¥ [3] indicate that X et al. [1] argue that One of the first examples of ..... is presented in [2]. Another/The latest solution is described in [3]. The results obtained/offered by X in [5] suggest that Recently, several authors [4], [5], [7] have proposed (a new theory) X [2] and X [5] have demonstrated that .. AJThe mos interesting approach to this issue has been proposed by [2] X [6] has also found that ...... However, our researchers have arrived at the conclusion/have concluded that .. Was experimentally measured by [7]. 20ELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 20 Semester, 2022 IEEBUMBB X et al. [7] studied ..... and showed that X [11] developed a novel sensor using In this work and in related references it was observed that In [8] it was shown that As reported by X [2]. Ina recent paper by X [9], 2.4, Saying that little research has been done in a particular field However, to the author’s/authors’ best knowledge, very few publications can be found/are available in the literature that discuss/address the issue of To the author’s/authors’ knowledge, ..... has/have been scarcely investigated from the point of view of /from the theoretical point of view. 2.5. Pointing out li tations of previous research A key limitation of this research is that (it does not address the problem of .....) The major drawback of this approach is However, most of the previous studies do not take into account ..... This approach may not be practical/orthodox/conventional in all situations. Reference [3] analyses and compares various aspects of ..... . Nevertheless, there are still some jeresting and relevant problems to be addressed. However, studies on ..... are still lacking, The problem with this approach is in that it Although several studies have indicated that ..... little attention has been paid/given to 2.6. Problem statement, purpose/main objective of the paper Problem statement and description of the objective of the paper are very specific parts of the paper and the phrases used depend on the nature of the problem. Examples showing how closely this partis related to the literature review and previous research are given below. CN dealing with .....: 1) It is important to (identify .....). 2) Itis key to (predict .....). 3. It is erucial to (establish _ theory of .....) has recently been presented in [....]. However, several practical questions arise when when .....). To answer alll these questions, we present an original approach which Even though (the efficiency of .....) has been improved in recent years, most improvements have been achieved by (minimizing the amount of energy lost in .....). Nonetheless, it is possible to further improve (the efficiency by .....). With this goal, this work (explores, seeks to .....). 3/10ELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 20 Semester, 2022 IEEBUMBB Based on the approach presented in [3], the purpose of this paper is to In this paper, while we refer to our earlier work [2], [3], and [4], the focus is different. Like most author we The objective/aim of this paper/study is to propose The paper presents/proposes a new approach to . This article introduces a new type of In this paper, welthe authors offer In this paper, we explore the possibility of In this study, a new technique that improves ..... is suggested. See also Abstract, Introductory sentences. 2.7. Framework of the paper (usually the last part of the Introduction) The remainder of the paper is organized as follows/into ..... sections: Section II describes/outlines ....., Section III discusses/analyses ..... . (Experimental results) are presented in. Section IV; Section V concludes the paper. In Section I, ..... will be discussed. Section III is devoted to Section IV presents (the experimental results), The conclusion is reported in Section V. The proposed (design) is discussed in Section II (The implementation of the proposed design) is presented in Section III. Section IV shows (the experimental results of...) Finally, Section V concludes with a summary. In Section II we explain In Section III we introduce our The measurements are presented in Section IV. Section V summarizes the results of this work and draws conclusions. 3. Materials and Methods/Methods of Approach 3.1. Describing what was done and how it was done We started by investigating ... We designed a new technique for . We used a new approach. These experiments were carried out to find out ..... In order to verify the validity of the ..... method, we carried out several experiments. Al the tests/measurements were carried out at room temperature. The (signals) were measured before and after To illustrate ....., a simulation was performed.ELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 20 Semester, 2022 The ..... analysis was performed in order to We checked for the presence of (The chemical structure of ....) was examined by (the ..... technique). A gradual change (in temperature) was observed. The increase in The (optimized condition) was obtained from 3.2. Describing numerical methods ibes is as follows: The equation that des Equation (2) represents/defines/expresses The equation can be written as ....., where Thus, the following equation is obtained: ..can be computed by the following equatior Equations (5) and (6) approximate (the original formulas). .. satisfies equation (3). Equations (2) and (3) demonstrate that (3) implies that .. .. is described by (5) The function fis given/defined by. Let f be given/defined by To simplify (3) we can For simplicity we ignore the dependence of ..... on It follows from (3) that Substituting/inserting (4) and (6a) in(to) (6b), we obtain Substitution/Insertion of (4) in(to) (5) yields ..... Now we can derive ..... according to (2) We can now proceed analogously to This holds for This is true for . Similarly, (5) is also valid/true for the following relation Assume/Let us assume that (3) holds for (6) holds under the condition that We will make the following assumptions s/o was not caused by/was not due to a decrease in ..... IEEEUMBBELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 20 Semester, 2022 From now on we assume that Let us define the following dependence/relation by/as, Let (3) satisfy the following relation Equality holds in (10) if and only if The inequality is satisfied if and only if ..... We shall write the above expression as ... In this way we obtain According to (5) we have/obtain is obtained as ...../can be obtained as . is denoted (M) and defined as takes the form can be written in the form As is clear from (5,) We first prove that ...../Let us first prove that . It remains to prove that It is clear/evident/obvious that ..... From this we conclude/see/deduce that 3.3. Referring to/Describing figures, graphs, tables, diagrams Fig. 2 shows/presents/depicts/outlines/illustrates/represents Fig. 3 gives an example of Such cases are depicted in the following figures. This is illustrated in Fig. 5. is/are shown/given in Figs. 3 and 4. ..can be found in Fig. 8. Consider Fig. 2, which plots ..... versus/agai ‘As can be scen from Figs. 5 and 3, As shown in Fig. 1, As follows from the figures shown above, ..... From this figure it can be seen that For the resulting plot, see Fig. 2. For visual representation of the dependence ..... the reader is referred to Tables V and VI. Table II summarizes oi10 IEEEUMBBELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 20 Semester, 2022 The graph/diagram suggests/indicates that Common mistake Wrong Right As shown in the Fig. 1 As shown in Fig. 1 The Fig. 2 presents ..... Fig. 2 presents ..... 4, Results IEEEUMBB Some of the phrases listed under Materials and Methods may also be suitable for the Results section, e.g. summarizing what was done, referring to diagrams, graphs, ete. Ithas been found that . The results show that The results thus obtained are compatible with The overall measurement results are summarized in Table II. As mentioned earlier/above, The previous sections have shown that This method is based on The method was tested on The method is an effective way to improve The analysis and simulation indicate that The .... analysis plays a crucial role in As may be seen below, We have introduced a new approach to A similar approach is used for This approach may fail iffdue to One of the big advantages of (this approach/method) ..... is that... To verify this method, ..... is compared with The only disadvantage/drawback of such ..... is and. There is no evident relationship between are in good agreement/correspond with There is a good match between ..... and To illustrate the result, a simulation of ..... was performed. The simulation results match the calculations. m0ELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 20 Semester, 2022 The differences in (temperature) result in significant differences in The decrease/increase in ..... can be contributed to To overcome/avoid this problem/difficulty, it is necessary to adopt a One possible solution to this problem is to (use) This solution requires .... 5. Discussion For more phrases see also Introduction and Conelusi 5.1, Stating the main objective In this paper we propose/examine/study This paper proposes/has proposed The purpose of the paper/study is to The paper presents/has presented several solutions to ... This paper is a modest contribution to the ongoing discussions about/on It was the main purpose of the paper to draw attention to The main concern of the paper was to .... In our paper, the focus of attention was This study shows/has shown that This experiment/technique/demonstrates that .. 5.2. Speci 1g the objective Particular attention is paid to The author's attention was focused/concentrated not only on ..... but also on We have addressed not only ..... but also ..... We have also considered the consequences of 5.3, Pointing out the originality of the solution Our paper presents an innovativela novel view of . The originality of our solution lies in the fact that This is a novel solution to Our results describe for the first time the To our knowledge, this is the first study to deal with/examine/investigate sno IEEEUMBBELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 2° Semester 022 IEEEUMBB Only one other study, to our knowledge, has come up with This paper presents a pilot study to find the answer to Our observations that ..... are not new, but 5.4, Interpreting the facts The data obtained is/are broadly consistent with the major trends These results agree/concur/are consistent/are in good agreement with other studies which have shown that In contrast to some reports in the literature, there were An important implication of these findings is that . The finding was quite unexpected/surprising and suggests that . The most likely explanation of the negative result is The findings have a number of possible limitations, namely So far, the significance of this finding is not clear. 5.5, Stating the limitations of the research The main limitation of the experimental result is, One question still unanswered is whether The analysis does not enable us to determine These results are not conclusive. 6. Conclusion(s) The Conclusion(s) section usually starts with 6.1. Stating the objective The objective presented in the Conclusion(s) section should agree with the objective stated in the Introduction. For suitable phrases see Introduction and Discu ion. 6.2. Drawing conclusions From the research that has been carried out/done/conducted/performed/undertaken, it is possible to conclude that Based on the results, it can be concluded that the research into ..... has been very successful From the outcome of our investigation it is possible to conclude that The findings of our research are quite convincing, and thus the following conclusions can be drawn: onoELS02 (Appendix of lecture X02) 20 Semester, 2022 IEEBUMBB Summing up the results, it can be concluded that In conclusion, it is evident that this study has shown This paper has clearly shown that It has been demonstrated/shown/found that The results/data obtained indicate/have indicated/suggest/show that . The existence of (these effects) implies that ..... 6.3. Suggesting possible application(s) The proposed method can be readily used in practice. The technique/approach/result is applicable to can be successfully used for a number of ..... applications. The/our ..... has great potential for other applications such as This research was concerned with .....; however, the results should be applicable also to .... The findings suggest that this approach could also be useful for The findings are of direct practical relevance. 6.4, Suggesting further research In our future research we intend to concentrate on ..... Future work will involve On the bs of the promising findings presented in this paper, work on the remaining issues is continuing and will be presented in future papers. The next stage of our research will be (experimental confirmation of our theory). Further study of the issue would be of interest. Clearly, further research will be needed/required to prove/validate Several other questions remain to be addressed/resolved. More research into ..... is still necessary before obtaining a definitive answer to Further study of the issue is still required Further research on/into is desirable/necessary (to extend our knowledge of) Continuing/continued research on/into ..... appears fully justified because More tests/experiments/calculations will be needed to verify whether 10/10