PROJECT DETAIL Road Accident Every year the lives of approximately 1.3 million people are cut short as a result of a road traffic crash. Between 20 and 50 million more people suffer non-fatal injuries, with many incurring a disability as a result of their injury. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to individuals, their families, and to nations as a whole. These losses arise from the cost of treatment as well as lost productivity for those killed or disabled by their injuries, and for family members who need to take time off work or school to care for the injured. Road traffic crashes cost most countries 3% of their gross domestic product. Road Accidents scenario in India + India is a signatory to the second global high level Conference on Road Safety held in Brazil in 2015, referred to popularly as the Brasilia declaration, which, inter-alia, resolved to halve the deaths and injuries from accidents by 2020 and to include this target in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development by the participating countries. + Road accidents continue to be a leading cause of death, disabilities and hospitalization in the country despite our commitment and efforts. India ranks first in the number of road accident deaths across the 199 countries and accounts for almost 11% of the accident related deaths in the World. + Atotal number of 449,002 accidents took place in the country during the calendar year 2019leading to 151,113 deaths and 451,361 injuries. In percentage terms, the number of accidents decreased by 3.86 % in 2019over that of the previous year, while the accident related deaths decreased by 0.20 % and the persons injured decreased by 3.86. + Road accidents have been profiled by road category, type of impacting vehicle, type of collision, age of victim, gender and road user category which inter-alia bring out the following: + National Highways which comprise of 2.03 percent of total road network, continued to account for a disproportionate share of 35.7 per cent of deaths in 2019 pointing to need for improved enforcement and correctives to be put on National Highways. State Highways which account for 3.01% of the road length accounted for 24.8 percent of deaths. Other Roads which constitute about 95 % of the total roads were responsible for the balance 39% deaths respectively, and electronic monitoring of the same, © Further, National Highways falling under the administrative control of NHAI account for 66 percent of road accident related deaths followed by National Highways falling under State PWD which account for 25 percent of RoadAccident deaths. The remaining 9 percent Road Accident deaths are accounted for by National Highways under other Departments. Two wheelers account for 35% of total road accident deaths on National Highways falling under NHAI, followed by cars, taxis, Vans & LMVs (18.6%) and pedestrians(14%) followed by share of Trucks of (10.7%) and share of buses of (4.9%) and share of bicycles at (2.9%) . These are not very different from the percentage share for these road user categories for National Highways as a whole and accordingly requisite change in the design of the road/speed etc that may be warranted needs to be initiated by all the controlling agencies for NH ‘The working age group of 18 - 60 accounted for a share of 84 percent in the total road accident deaths. The share of males in number of total accident deaths was 86% while the share of females hovered around 14% in 2019. In 2019, the Ministry focused on the identification and rectification of Black spots and identified 5583 black spots in the country in 2018. + Road accidents are multi-causal and are often the result of an interplay of various factors. like (i) human error (ii) road environment and (ii) vehicular condition. The information received from the States/UTs on the causes of road accidents brings out inter-alia the following: Under the category of Traffic Rule Violations, over speeding is a major killer, accounting for 67.3% of the persons killed followed by driving on the wrong side of the road which accounted for 6.1% of the accident related deaths. Use of mobile phones accounted for 3.3% of the deaths with drunken driving accounting for 3.5% of the persons killed. Further the numbers of persons killed for these reasons in 2019 were much higher than in 2018 suggesting need for improved enforcement of MVA 2019. Driving without valid license/learners license accounts for 15% of accidents. About 30% of deaths can be attributed to non use of helmets and 14% of deaths. can be attributed to non use of seat belts. Vehicles more than 10 years accounted for 41% of accident related deaths. Overloaded vehicles accounted for about 10% deaths. * Both road accidents and accident related killings are more a rural phenomenon than an urban phenomenon. Thus in 2019, the share of number of person killed in urban and rural area was 32.9 per cent and 67.1 per cent. Risk factors The safe system approach: accommodating human error The safe system approach to road safety aims to ensure a safe transport system for all road users. Such an approach takes into account people's vulnerability to serious injuries in roadtraffic crashes and recognizes that the system should be designed to be forgiving of human error. The cornerstones of this approach are safe roads and roadsides, safe speeds, safe vehicles, and safe road users, all of which must be addressed in order to eliminate fatal crashes and reduce serious injuries. Speeding ‘* Anincrease in average speed is directly related both to the likelihood of a crash occurring and to the severity of the consequences of the crash. For example, every 1% increase in mean speed. produces a 4% increase in the fatal crash risk and a 3% increase in the serious crash risk. ‘©The death risk for pedestrians hit by car fronts rises rapidly (4.5 times from 50 km/h to 65 km/h). * In car-to-car side impacts the fatality risk for car occupants is 859 at 65 km/h. Driving under the influence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances * Driving under the influence of alcohol and any psychoactive substance or drug increases the risk of a crash that results in death or serious injuries. # Inthe case of drink-driving, the risk ofa road traffic crash starts at low levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and increases significantly when the driver's BAC is > 0.04 g/dl. * Inthe case of drug-driving, the risk of incurring a road traffic crash is increased to differing degrees depending on the psychoactive drug used. For example, the risk of a fatal crash occurring among those who have used amphetamines is about 5 times the risk of someone who hasn't. Nonuse of motorcycle helmets, seat-belts, and child restraints + Correct helmet use can lead to a 42% reduction in the risk of fatal injuries and a 69% reduction in the risk of head injuries. + Wearing a seat-belt reduces the risk of death among drivers and front seat occupants by 45 - 50%, and the risk of death and serious injuries among rear seat occupants by 25%. +The use of child restraints can lead to a 60% reduction in deaths. Distracted driving There are many types of distractions that can lead to impaired driving, The distraction caused by mobile phones is a growing concern for road safety. * Drivers using mobile phones are approximately 4 times more likely to be involved in a crash than drivers not using a mobile phone. Using a phone while driving slows reaction times (notably braking reaction time, but also reaction to traffic signals), and makes it difficult to keep in the correct lane, and to keep the correct following distances. + Hands-free phones are not much safer than hand-held phone sets, and texting considerably increases the risk of a crashUnsafe road infrastructure The design of roads can have a considerable impact on their safety. Ideally, roads should be designed keeping in mind the safety of all road users. This would mean making sure that there are adequate facilities for pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists. Measures such as footpaths, cycling lanes, safe crossing points, and other traffic calming measures can be critical to reducing the risk of injury among these road users. Unsafe vehicles Safe vehicles play a critical role in averting crashes and reducing the likelihood of serious injury. There are a number of UN regulations on vehicle safety that, if applied to countries’ manufacturing and production standards, would potentially save many lives. These include clude electronic requiring vehicle manufacturers to meet front and side impact regulations, t stability control (to prevent over-steering) and to ensure airbags and seat-belts are fitted in all vehicles. Without these basic standards the risk of traffic injuries — both to those in the vehicle and those out of it ~is considerably increased. Inadequate post-crash care Delays in detecting and providing care for those involved in a road traffic crash increase the severity of injuries. Care of injuries after a crash has occurred is extremely time-sensitive: delays of minutes can make the difference between life and death. Improving post-crash care requires ensuring access to timely prehospital care, and improving the quality of both prehospital and hospital care, such as through specialist training programmes. Inadequate law enforcement of traffic laws If traffic laws on drink-driving, seat-belt wearing, speed limits, helmets, and child restraints are not enforced, they cannot bring about the expected reduction in road traffic fatalities and injuries related to specific behaviours. Thus, if traffic laws are not enforced or are perceived as not being enforced, itis likely they will not be complied with and therefore will have very little chance of influencing behaviour. Effective enforcement includes establishing, regularly updating, and enforcing laws at the national, municipal, and local levels that address the above mentioned risk factors. It includes also the definition of appropriate penalties‘SEGMENTATION OF THE TARGET AUDIENCE - The target audience should be defined according to the road safety problem behaviour. This definition can be based on available data or current understanding of the road safety problem, Segmenting consists of separating the audience into homogeneous subgroups called segments. A segment is a subset of the larger audience that shares key characteristics, making it more probable that individuals in a particular segment will respond to the same message or stimuli in a similar way. Made of conducting Activity We conducting seminar to aware people about road accident and their safety.