Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V – Bicol
Division of Albay
SAN ISIDRO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
San Isidro Iraya, Malilipot, Albay

SCIENCE 8
(Q3_LP6)

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a) Define the sub-atomic particles namely protons, electrons, and neutrons.
b) Perform an experiment of an object that attracts or repel each other.
c) Appreciate the importance of the sub-atomic particles and their connections with
each other in improving technology.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

a.) Topic: Sub-atomic Partick
b.) Time: 1 hour
c.) Learning Materials: Printed materials, power-point presentation
d.) References: Science learner’s module, Internet

III. PROCEDURES
A. PRELIMINARIES
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Checking of attendance

B. ELICIT
Recall

1. Who can give me one scientist and its atomic model?

2. What is the meaning of electrons?

3. What is the meaning of protons?

4. What is the meaning of neutrons?

C. ENGAGE

Instructions: Encircle the words relating to the Atomic Structure.

Key answers:

Guide questions:

1. What do you think makes up an atom?

2. How do these components differ from each other?

D. EXPLORE

Activity 1: “Charge” it to experience!

Instructions: Divide the class into 5 groups. Each group will perform the tasks posted
on the board.

Materials needed:

 Plastic / balloon
 Small pieces of paper

Procedures:

1. Take a plastic / balloon.

2. Rub plastic / balloon in any dry and smooth surface.
3. Place the rubbed plastic / balloon near the small pieces of paper.
4. Observe the behavior / movement of the pieces of paper.
5. Answer guide questions.
 Guide questions:

a) What happened to the small pieces of paper?

- It is observed that the pieces of paper stick to the plastic.

b) Why does the small pieces of paper stick to the plastic?

- This is because the plastic gets electrically charged and attracts the pieces
of paper.

c) What implies that the plastic (matter) is electrically charged?

- It exerts attractive forces on the small pieces of paper.

d) How many types of charge particles are present in your experiment?

- There are three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Two
of the subatomic particles have electrical charges: protons have a positive
charge while electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons, on the other
hand, don't have a charge.

e) Can you give another example of electrically charged objects?

- The chair you're sitting on or the floor you're standing on. Buildings,
plants animals, dirt, water, Sun, Moon, stars. They all contain many,
many negative charges (electrons) and positive charges (protons).

E. EXPLAIN

 From the activity, you have experienced that objects, even they seem to be
neutral, can carry “charges.”
 Have you experienced the same with your hair after brushing it? Did you observe
some unusual behavior, too? Was it a hair-raising experience?
 Where do all these charges come from?
o Atoms are electrical in nature. Atoms contain particles with positive and
negative charges. The proton carries a positive charge (+1). The electron
carries a negative charge (-1). Atoms, in their most stable state are neutral
with an equal number of protons and electrons.

Q1. Let us say an atom has 5 electrons, how many protons does this atom have? How
about an atom with 45 protons, how many electrons does this atom have/

- 5 electrons = 5 protons
45 protons = 45 electrons

Q2. Consider an atom which has six protons, six electrons, and six neutrons, is the
atom electrically neutral?

- When an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it has an

equal number of negative electric charges (the electrons) and positive
electric charges (the protons). The total electric charge of the atom is
therefore zero and the atom is said to be neutral.

Q3. How do you know if an atom is neutral?

- When an atom contains an equal number of electrons and protons, then

the atom will be neutral.
 Q4. Does the number of neutrons affect the charge of an atom?

- Neutrons do not carry an electrical charge so adding or removing them

from the nucleus does not change the electrical charge of the nucleus.

Q5. How sub-atomic particles contributed in modern world’s technology?

- Subatomic particles are important in all electronic, optical, and nuclear

technologies. Cathode-ray tubes, for example, use beams of electrons to
create the pictures.

Q6. How do humans use subatomic particles to the benefit of society?

- They shrink tumors, make better tires, spot suspicious cargo, clean up
dirty drinking water, help design drugs, discover the building blocks of
matter, and do much more. Experts estimate that medical accelerators
have treated more than 30 million people around the world.

 The properties of the three sub-atomic particles are summarized in Table 1.

Sub-atomic Particles Charge Mass, grams Location in the

(symbol) atom

Electrons (e-) -1 9.109 x 10−28 Outside nucleus

Protons (p+) +1 1.672 x 10−24 Nucleus

Neutrons (0) 0 1.675 x 10

−24 ¿
¿ Nucleus

F. ELABORATE

Activity 2: Complete me!

Instruction: Complete the table by identifying the charge, mass, and the location in
the atom of each sub-atomic particle.

Sub-atomic Particles Charge Mass, grams Location in the

(symbol) atom

Electrons (e-) -1

Protons (p+) 1.672 x 10−24

Neutrons (0) Nucleus

Guide questions:

1. Which sub-atomic particle is the lightest?

- Protons
2. Which is the heaviest?
- Electrons
3. Which sub-atomic particle have almost the same mass?
- Neutrons
 G. EVALUATE

True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if it is not.

1. Atoms are electrical in nature. TRUE

2. An atom is electrically neutral if it has an equal number of protons and electrons. TRUE

3. Neutrons can affect the electrical charge of nucleus. FALSE

4. The total electric charge of the atom is zero and said to be neutral. TRUE

5. Atoms in their most stable state are neutral with unequal number of protons and electrons.
FALSE

H. EXTEND

Activity 3: Crossword Puzzle

Instructions: Infer ideas that are associated with protons, neutrons, and electrons. Complete
the crossword puzzle below by filling in the box with the words that fit the description.

Answer key:

1. charge
2. atom
3. isotope
4. electron
5. particles
6. proton, p+
7. neutron
8. nucleus
ACROSS DOWN

1. The amount of electrical energy 2. The smallest particle of matter that uniquely
3. Atoms having the same number of protons, defines a chemical element.
but different number of neutrons 5. The small portion of matter
4. the negatively charged particle of an atom 6. An electric charge of proton
6. the positively charged particle of an atom 7. Has no net electrical charge, found inside the
nucleus with proton
8. A small dense region consisting of protons
and neutrons

Prepared by: Checked by:

JOSHUA JAMES L. GITANA MYRENE B. BONTO

Student Teacher s Cooperating Teacher